• With a starting point in the history of Jewish migration from National Socialist-occupied areas, the workshop broadens out to investigate the experiences of refugees and migrants fleeing genocide, armed conflict, and persecution throughout the twentieth century. (ghi-dc.org)
  • Diasporic Homecomings , the first book to provide a comparative overview of the major ethnic return groups in Europe and East Asia, reveals how the sociocultural characteristics and national origins of the migrants influence their levels of marginalization in their ethnic homelands, forcing many of them to redefine the meanings of home and homeland. (sup.org)
  • This volume offers a nuanced approach to ethnicity and culture, showing that the mutual ethnic affinity causing diasporic descendants to return-migrate is primarily based on essentialised assumptions of shared ethnicity that are quickly challenged as both migrants and hosts discover a multitude of cultural differences between them. (sup.org)
  • The editor's introduction and conclusion provide a succinct overview and analysis of some primary concerns, the ambivalent nature of diasporic homecomings, ethnic consequences for return migrants and their hosts, and the impact of government policies on immigration, citizenship, and the changing meanings of home and homeland. (sup.org)
  • In the long run, only territory ensures survival, and human history is largely a record of groups expanding and contracting, conquering or being conquered, migrating or being displaced by migrants. (amren.com)
  • Since these policies often create refugees, and/or affect refugees and migrants, my work bridges the fields of national and ethnic conflict regulation, and migration, refugees, and citizenship studies. (meghanmgarrity.com)
  • This system led to a significant widening of the ethnic backgrounds of new migrants, although it still favoured migrants from 'developed' countries. (teara.govt.nz)
  • The nature of geopolitical structures during recent years has brought a new wave of migrants, asylum and nationality seekers to Europe, something that was not seen in previous cases of post-colonial migration. (euroacademia.eu)
  • The shortage of labor after 1924 forced companies to hire American migrants - such as southern black Americans - and to invent new technologies and labor-saving practices. (alipac.us)
  • Qualitative and geospatial data indicated movement patterns that followed partially definable routes and temporary settlement patterns with an influx of ethnic Somali migrants into Kenya at the start of the long rainy season (April–June). (cdc.gov)
  • Black people, whose premature mortality rates were consistently double those of the white population from 1960 through 2009, and remain higher than most other racial/ethnic groups today. (americashealthrankings.org)
  • In this sense, it can be as adaptive to support one's ethno-racial group as to support one's family. (amren.com)
  • In the convention the definition of the crime of genocide consists of three elements: for one thing, there has to be a national, ethnic, racial or religious group. (ata-a.org.au)
  • According to the BLS 2013 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, Hispanic or Latino workers were the only racial/ethnic group with an increase in workplace fatalities in 2013. (cdc.gov)
  • One study showed differences in neonatal circumcision rates among racial and ethnic groups: 81% in whites, 65% in African-Americans, and 54% in Hispanics. (medscape.com)
  • Kofi Annan (Foreword) observes that, due to various historical factors and trends, almost every country in the world today contains a multiplicity of ethnic and religious groups. (sangam.org)
  • Group political and religious leaders can emphasise - even invent - ethnic division to secure their own position, achieve their political and economic goals. (sangam.org)
  • To the contrary: after a period of temporary settlement, they found themselves not only once again on the move, but also in a new, more ambiguous situation: Now, they were just one among many groups in search of permanent homes as the large-scale expulsion of ethnic, religious, and/or national groups became a global phenomenon. (ghi-dc.org)
  • But, on the other, they were just one among many groups in search of permanent homes as the large-scale expulsion of ethnic, religious, and/or national groups became a global phenomenon. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • We are particularly interested in the encounters between Jewish refugees and members of other groups they encountered while in transit countries, such as other refugees, colonial subjects, and religious or ethnic minorities subject to discrimination. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • Since the end of hostilities in the Balkans, WiB continue to hold educational workshops about women's rights, religious freedom and ethnic tolerance, and to advocate for war criminals to be brought to the Hague. (advocacynet.org)
  • The rise of Sunni Pashtuns in Afghanistan triggered the exodus of numerous Shia Hazaras, an ethnic and religious minority, to Iran. (migrationpolicy.org)
  • The voluntary exile and forced migration of hundreds of thousands of people belonging to different ethnic-religious groups (Moriscos, Sephardim, Marranos, Greeks, Albanians, to name but a few) as a result of civil and inquisitorial persecutions, as well as religious wars, characterized the landscape of this area and this era with unprecedented dimensions in comparison with its past. (ua.es)
  • Politics of multiculturalism - claiming that minority cultures or ways of life are not sufficiently protected only by ensuring the individual rights of their members - try to manage these cultural, ethnic and religious diversities with special group rights or privileges. (euroacademia.eu)
  • Shifts in political, economic, cultural and religious life encouraged and sometimes forced individuals and groups to move 'abroad' permanently or temporarily, to places nearby or further afield. (royalhistsoc.org)
  • His current research focuses on (1) migration, shadow economy, and informal legal orders in hybrid political regimes, (2) corruption, informality, and legal pluralism in Uzbekistan, and (c) informal hierarchies, religious orders, and ethnic identities in Russian penal institutions. (lu.se)
  • Echoing earlier treatment of ethnic minorities, 'Islanders' were stigmatised and scapegoated when economic conditions deteriorated in the 1970s. (teara.govt.nz)
  • The scope of this collaboration is to help educate the next generation of communication professionals in refugee and forced migration issues and to make educational opportunities more accessible to refugees and other ethnic minorities in Greece. (ekogreece.com)
  • This 2018 conference in Kolkata , India, already expanded the geographical, temporal, and conceptual lens on Jewish forced migration and offered new insights not only into the experience of the refugees but also into the reach of anti-Semitism and racism against the backdrop of colonialism and war. (ghi-dc.org)
  • This 2020 online workshop continued this international exchange, bringing together more than 20 international researchers from Jewish and Migration Studies, most of them focused on forced migration and refugees. (ghi-dc.org)
  • In Global Transit: Forced Migration of Jews and other Refugees (1940s-1960s)" will build on the 2017 conference, taking a broader perspective and expanding the geographic and analytical focus. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • The ever-more frequent waves of involuntary migration, in turn, provided the impetus for the development of an international refugee policy - a process in which onetime refugees from Nazi-controlled Europe played a notable part. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • The conference "In Global Transit: Forced Migration of Jews and other Refugees (1940s-1960s)" aims to illuminate the particularities of (usually) involuntary Jewish migration from and between countries of the global South that have received little scholarly attention thus far. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • We seek, moreover, to use the experience of Jewish refugees as an analytical prism to consider the phenomenon of forced migration more generally. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • Jewish refugees from Nazi-controlled Europe will be taken as a paradigmatic group to explore basic questions about the transit experience, for example, the question of the relationship between knowledge and modes of dealing with contingency and uncertainty. (yiddish-sources.com)
  • This 132-page publication includes stories, poems and drawings from refugees and asylum seekers, including Kurds, Colombians, Afghans, Nigerians, Burmese and Somalis, about why they have been forced to flee their countries. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • EKO's team is confident that the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding with NKUA and UAegean marks the beginning of a viable and fruitful collaboration with great impact in the direction of empowering refugees and other vulnerable ethnic groups and of strengthening social cohesion in Greek society. (ekogreece.com)
  • The cohort-component method ages forward the census population one year, then accounts for births, deaths, international migration and special populations such as the armed forces. (ons.gov.uk)
  • We also aim to open up the discussion by including the internal and international migration nexus as well as diverse and potentially competing destination countries as part of the broader Turkish transnational migration experience. (turkishmigration.net)
  • It will become an instant classic in migration and diaspora studies. (sup.org)
  • refers to people born outside Africa who have ancestors from that continent and whose history is related to forced migrations and diaspora (dispersion of ethnic groups). (bvsalud.org)
  • The cumulative effects of historical trauma, genocide, forced migration and discrimination are also responsible for higher mortality rates among the AI/AN population. (americashealthrankings.org)
  • Diasporic Homecomings: Ethnic Return Migration in Comparativ. (sup.org)
  • They have focused our attention on the return migration of those who trace their ethnic origins to countries in Europe, Asia, and Israel. (sup.org)
  • The effects of human actions on the environment are also an ethical and human rights issue, as they will be felt by future generations, and will continue to disproportionally affect populations in situations of vulnerability, across gender, age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. (who.int)
  • Supporting the global eradication of wildpoliovrisu (WPV), this project aimed to provide polio and measles vaccines to a population frequenty missed by immunization services and campaigns, ethnic Somali children living among mobile populations within Kenya’s Northeastern Region. (cdc.gov)
  • The critique of methodological nationalism in the study of transnational migration and ethnicity usefully points out that transnational linkages can be more important for ethnic groups than their location in a particular nation-state, but this should not lead us to forget the central importance of national borders and definitions of citizenship that shape the conditions that ethnic groups try to negotiate through their transnational networks. (lu.se)
  • His particular researches have been on migration and refugee studies, the theory and practices of dialogue, nationalism and post-colonial statehood in South Asia, and new regimes of technological restructuring and labour control. (mcrg.ac.in)
  • You can make your own datasets combining variables from demography and migration, UK armed forces veterans, ethnic group, national identity, language and religion, Welsh language skills, housing, labour market and travel to work, education and health, disability and unpaid care. (ons.gov.uk)
  • Akbari invites the Hazaras to be compliant with the Taliban government at a time when this ethnic group has no part in the Taliban government. (kabulnow.com)
  • The Taliban have been accused of forced migration and killing Hazaras in the country for a long time. (kabulnow.com)
  • Colonisation of Asian ethnic groups and states by European peoples began in the late 1st millennium BCE, reaching its peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • CR&DALL leads on the School of Education's theme of Adult Learning and Youth Transitions, and makes major contributions to the themes of Urban and Place-based Learning, and Migration and Refugee Education. (cradall.org)
  • Since the seminar, various groups concerned about the marginalisation and criminalisation of refugee communities and the abuse of public money have continued to meet to explore how they might work more effectively together. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • Horizontal inequalities are inequalities in economic, social or political dimensions or cultural status between culturally defined groups (p. 3). (sangam.org)
  • These nationalist parties have focused on similar topics and social groups (ethnic and cultural homogeneity, national protectionism). (zeitschrift-luxemburg.de)
  • Despite their ethnic affinity to the host populace, they are frequently excluded as cultural foreigners and relegated to low-status jobs shunned by the host society's populace. (sup.org)
  • In 2013 the census revealed a population with considerable ethnic and cultural diversity. (teara.govt.nz)
  • An unfortunate irony is that inter-group conflict often occurs in poor countries, in a cruel cycle of poverty and conflict. (sangam.org)
  • As ideological differences have diminished and "socialism no longer seems to be a serious alternative […] mobilization along group identity lines has become the single most important source of violent conflict " (p. 7. (sangam.org)
  • Migration is an important adaptation strategy, but it can lead to conflict between host and migrant communities. (nupi.no)
  • Prior to that, she was a senior researcher in the International Conflict Research group at ETH Zurich, where she coordinated several research projects. (uzh.ch)
  • As a lecturer, she taught courses on conflict research and forced migration at ETH Zurich and the Universities of Basel, Lucerne and Zurich. (uzh.ch)
  • It is focused on understanding conflict processes by examining the causes of, and constraints on, government policies of group-based ethnic violence and exclusion. (meghanmgarrity.com)
  • Infusing history with myth, Armenian Americans vilify the Republic of Turkey, Turkish Americans, and ethnic Turks worldwide. (turkishclass.com)
  • Ethnic Armenian citizens of the Ottoman Empire were highly trusted. (ata-a.org.au)
  • Armenians took up arms establishing the Hunchak ad Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), also known as Dashanksutyun groups, formed beyond Ottoman Borders. (ata-a.org.au)
  • In the video, Dean-Burren reads from a section called "Patterns of Immigration," which gives snapshots of how various ethnic groups arrived in the Americas. (fox17online.com)
  • We welcome contributions on the international mobility of Turks, with a focus on potential future migration patterns and processes in relation to the past migration experiences. (turkishmigration.net)
  • The conference aims at elaborating the patterns of Turkish migration, future prospects, and potential challenges in a changing Europe. (turkishmigration.net)
  • Donna Cormack and Carey Robson, National identity and 'New Zealanders': considerations for monitoring Māori health and ethnic inequalities . (teara.govt.nz)
  • Data collectors conducted focus group and participatory mapping discussions with ethnic Somalis living in the region. (cdc.gov)
  • This volume is a sweeping portrayal of one of the most intriguing population movements in the world today-migration across international borders driven by both economic need and ethnic affinity. (sup.org)
  • Iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world, largely driven by internal migration from rural areas. (migrationpolicy.org)
  • The genotype is not highly transmissible and its spread was driven by long-term human migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • The National Nutrition Policy Task Force, comprised of members of institutions and departments (Annex 1) (The University of Khartoum, Ahfad University, Ministry of Agriculture, distinguished paediatricians, National Nutrition Directorate (FMoH), Department of International Health (FMoH), UNICEF and WFP) guided the development process. (who.int)
  • While the majority of these states have succeeded in establishing conditions for peaceful and stable development, some have descended into group violence, resulting in the loss of lives and livelihoods, in shattered families, forced migration, and a breakdown in relations and trust (p. xv). (sangam.org)
  • The relevance of this volume exceeds the limits of migration studies and offers fresh perspectives for ethnic studies and identity theory as it addresses the close relationship between the social construction of ethnic identities and shifting class positions embedded in social context. (sup.org)
  • They reached out to women's groups in Bosnia and Kosovo to offer support. (advocacynet.org)
  • To communicate these facts more clearly, we will update this caption to describe the arrival of African slaves in the U.S. as a forced migration and emphasize that their work was done as slave labor. (fox17online.com)
  • I wish to emphasize the need for all interest groups, actors in health and other sectors to collaborate with my Ministry and health authorities at the state and local government levels to ensure the successful implementation of this policy. (who.int)
  • Racially-conscious whites are often frustrated that people of European descent do not understand a simple fact that others take for granted: that it is normal for an ethnic group or race to want to survive and to avoid displacement by others. (amren.com)
  • The loss of territory, whether by military defeat or displacement by aliens, brings ethnic diminishment or destruction - precisely what is happening in the "multicultural" West today. (amren.com)
  • When people do put these words together, though, they are most likely trying to emphasise the fact that one of the most common reasons for migration is to improve one's economic standing. (peopleinneed.net)
  • As previously indicated, the term migrant refers to the migration history of a person, i.e. that they were born in another country, or lived there for a long time and then moved. (peopleinneed.net)
  • The growing migrant population is shifting the 2022 midterms, said William Gheen, founder of ALIPAC, which backs candidates who oppose migration. (alipac.us)
  • My research is situated at the nexus of international peace and security, political violence, and forced migration. (meghanmgarrity.com)
  • Wider-ranging potential consequences include water scarcity, forced migration and increased political tensions within and between countries. (who.int)
  • He is the author of Migration and Hybrid Political Regimes: Navigating the Legal Landscape in Russia (2020), published by the University of California Press. (lu.se)
  • In terms of Asian people, there is an abundance of ethnic groups in Asia, with adaptations to the climate zones of the continent, which include arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical or tropical, as well as extensive desert regions in Central and Western Asia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ethnicity becomes an instrument serving these ends, and people are made to believe in the essential, fixed and permanent, nature of their group identity, losing sight of the fact that identity is (a) constructed, and (b) changes over time. (sangam.org)
  • Rapid-onset disasters and long-term climate change may force people to temporarily or permanently move, sometimes joining people displaced by armed conflicts. (nupi.no)
  • The term "national minority" cannot be used as a synonym to describe any foreign group of people. (peopleinneed.net)
  • Many of these abuses ultimately force people to flee their homes and then their countries. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • The Roma Community across Europe has been estimated to consist of more than 10 million people: it is the biggest minority group in the EU. (123dok.org)
  • Past the introductory room and through a doorway on the right, you step into an evocation of the appalling darkness of the middle passage, and begin a winding journey up through three floors of exhibits detailing the story of black America, a story that begins with "the largest forced migration of people in world history. (newramblerreview.com)
  • And even here, in this great suffering and destruction, a group of Congolese volunteers, Solidarité Féminine pour la Paix et le Développement Intégral , has been at work, month after month - sharing goods, caring for the wounded, helping to train people to develop new skills, and soothing trauma. (ohchr.org)
  • And thirdly, restrictions on fundamental freedoms should be lifted, and the harassment, arbitrary arrest and surveillance of people or groups deemed critical of the Government should end. (ohchr.org)
  • Around 30 million people live in the Amazon region and an estimated 9% (2.7 million) belong to 350 different ethnic groups about 240 languages . (lu.se)
  • The book highlights broader links between enforced migration and global economic processes, poses key questions about trade and development policies and corporate accountability, and addresses the effects of the current "war on terrorism" on different communities. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • Other speakers explored how the UK supports human rights abuses through some of its overseas investments and trade, and highlighted more broader links between enforced migration and global economic processes. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • Disasters and climate change erode resilience, increasing the vulnerability of communities to predation by armed groups and manipulation by elites. (nupi.no)
  • That said, it is important to understand that the most common reason for migration is poor living conditions, which can be the result of poor governmental administration, a natural disaster, or climate change. (peopleinneed.net)
  • The world is changing rapidly, with an increased pace of technological development, new organization of work, increased migration, climate change and increasing water scarcity. (who.int)
  • Some groups or countries in Asia are completely urban (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Speakers from several asylum communities told their stories as to why they had been forced to flee their countries. (thecornerhouse.org.uk)
  • I have long had an interest in both forced migration studies and countries in post-Communist transition. (advocacynet.org)
  • Throughout Europe no precise data exist on the dimension on the Roma Communities: in many countries ethnic registration is forbidden, while in others official statistics contain no information on ethnicity or self-identification. (123dok.org)
  • This economic shift helps to explain why the federal government continues its Extraction Migration strategy of goosing the U.S. economy with poor workers, consumers, and renters pulled from poor countries. (alipac.us)
  • Office for National Statistics are investigating alternative methods for producing population estimates by ethnic group. (ons.gov.uk)
  • Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes detailed population estimates by ethnic group for areas in England and Wales following each census. (ons.gov.uk)
  • Application in migration studies. (lu.se)
  • 4.2.1 Human capital and social capital in migration studies. (lu.se)
  • He has been an Academy of Finland researcher at the Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki, a research fellow at the Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University, and has worked with international organizations in the development, migration, and humanitarian spheres. (lu.se)
  • In recent decades, increasing numbers of diasporic peoples have returned to their ethnic homelands, whether because of economic pressures, a desire to rediscover ancestral roots, or the homeland government's preferential immigration and nationality policies. (sup.org)
  • His publications include Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland (2003) and Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective (2004). (sup.org)
  • Each human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, grouped into 23 pairs. (realdetroitweekly.com)
  • I analyzed genotyping data of the Haarlem genotype in light of its pathogenic properties and relevant human migration, to gain insight into its origin, evolutionary history, and current spread. (bvsalud.org)
  • I conclude that human migration and its lack thereof (but not strain pathobiology) was a major driving force that shaped the population structure of this global lineage of M. tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although no consensus exists among scholars regarding the origins of circumcision, some have suggested that this procedure likely originated in Egypt some 15,000 years ago and that its practice later spread throughout the world during prehistoric human migrations. (medscape.com)
  • These data suggest that fatalities among immigrant workers may be the driving force behind the elevated rates of workplace injuries and illnesses among Latinos in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
  • This is what WiB do all over the world, and every group addresses the issues that are most pressing in their region. (advocacynet.org)
  • The chorus is the vehicle for another kind of story, not of the great man or the tragic hero, but one in which all modalities play a part, where the headless group incites change, where mutual aid provides the resource for collective action, not leader and mass, where the untranslatable songs and seeming nonsense make good the promise of revolution. (crartgallery.ca)
  • During the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, nearly 10.7 million Africans were forced to migrate to America as slaves. (timetoast.com)
  • Governments and civil society across the Sahel, together with regional and international partners, should integrate climate peace and security risks in their analyses, programming and operations, to prevent climate-related disputes from escalating, and armed groups and other actors from manipulating tensions for their own purposes. (nupi.no)
  • However, there are currently no reliable population estimates by ethnic group available at the local authority level for the years between censuses. (ons.gov.uk)
  • Formal annual estimates of the population by ethnic group were first published (for LAs in England only) by ONS in 2006. (ons.gov.uk)
  • These Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (PEEGs) continued to be published as experimental statistics until 2011. (ons.gov.uk)
  • The PEEGs extended the mid-year population estimates by using other data-sources (most notably the 2001 Census) to estimate the ethnic composition of each component of population change - births, deaths, and migration. (ons.gov.uk)
  • One possible cause for this difference was the lack of a reliable method for estimating the ethnic composition of internal migration (the largest component of population change for local authorities). (ons.gov.uk)
  • Since 2012, users have relied on the results of the 2011 Census as providing the best picture of the ethnic composition of the population. (ons.gov.uk)
  • We also describe the use of this method to derive population estimates by ethnic group and publish a set of tables containing illustrative estimates for 2016. (ons.gov.uk)
  • This method provides a quick and easy way of estimating the population by ethnic group in the decade following the 2011 Census. (ons.gov.uk)
  • The data are consist of eight files: six include data on the projected population, one file shows the projected components of change, and one file consists of the Armed Forces overseas population. (cdc.gov)
  • and Asian and Pacific Islander), Hispanic origin, and the four races without the Hispanic origin population (non-Hispanic race groups). (cdc.gov)
  • Age group: The total population is code 999 which is the first record for each year. (cdc.gov)
  • this opposition becomes especially evident where circumstances concern women and children, the most vulnerable members of these groups. (euroacademia.eu)
  • Throughout Europe the Roma community is composed of several communities differentiated by settlement model, culture and religion, legal status, language, and period of migration. (123dok.org)
  • Between 2000 and 2006, he was a Senior Research Fellow and Head of a Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle. (lu.se)
  • The European colonial expansion (when accompanied by a sufficient volume of migration) was a vehicle of its secondary dissemination. (bvsalud.org)
  • In doing so, the project addresses common research gaps and questions, for example, by situating specific transit experiences in the context of a general migration history - as well as the history of flight and forced migration which is at the heart of the GHI's research programs since its foundation in 1987. (ghi-dc.org)
  • Rustamjon works at the intersection of the sociology of law and ethnography, studying migration, corruption, governance, and penal institutions in the context of Russia and Central Asia. (lu.se)
  • He authored a three-volume study of Indian nationalism, (Whose Asia Is It Anyway nation and The Region in South Asia, 1996, The Marginal Nation Transborder Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal, 1999, and A Biography of the Indian Nation, 1947-1997, 2001). (mcrg.ac.in)
  • At the same time, Haarlem strains appear over-represented in some ethnic groups which warrants in-depth experimental research. (bvsalud.org)
  • It would seem that, in the eyes of Merneptah's artisans, Israel was a Canaanite group indistinguishable from all other Canaanite groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "murder of the members of the group, and forced transfer of the children of one group into another group and subjecting the members of a group to conditions which will eventually bring about their physical destruction" come within the range of actions listed in the said convention. (ata-a.org.au)
  • Afghans who settled and integrated into Iranian society in the 19th and early 20th centuries were naturalized as Iranian citizens and came to be classified as an ethnic group known as Khavari or Barbari . (migrationpolicy.org)
  • With almost 4 million Turkish citizens abroad, mostly in Europe, there are fears of more migration from Turkey. (turkishmigration.net)
  • Where Group A categorizes certain others as belonging to a separate group, what Group A thinks about the others can become more important that even what the others think about themselves. (sangam.org)
  • The third element is the most important: there has to be "an intent of destroying" the said group in part or in entirety. (ata-a.org.au)
  • Other groups include the Azeris (24 percent), Gilaki and Mazandaranis (eight percent), Kurds (seven percent), Arabs (three percent), Lurs (two percent), Baluchs (two percent), and Turkmens (two percent). (migrationpolicy.org)
  • Forced Migration and Politics of Multiculturalism: Lack of Agency or Complacency? (euroacademia.eu)
  • The supreme leader holds constitutional authority over the judiciary, government-run media, and armed forces, and indirectly controls internal security forces and other key institutions. (state.gov)