• They are often mistaken for pituitary adenomas which have a similar presentation and occur in the same location. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 85% of masses from this region are pituitary adenomas, followed in incidence by craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cyst, meningioma, and metastasis. (cap.org)
  • In the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs , pituitary adenomas remain classified by hormone expression as assessed by IHC staining. (cap.org)
  • A third transcription factor, pituitary cell-restricted T box factor (Tpit), drives corticotroph adenomas but its antibody is not yet commercially available as an IHC marker. (cap.org)
  • Why should the pathologist subtype pituitary adenomas? (cap.org)
  • This tumor is thought to be derived from the parenchymal cells of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, called pituicytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry was investigated in the anterior and posterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NADPH-d activity was present throughout the posterior pituitary but could not be detected in the anterior pituitary. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By contrast, an antibody raised against whole recombinant rat neuronal NOS revealed strongly NOS-immunoreactive gonadotrophs and folliculo-stellate cells scattered throughout the anterior pituitary in addition to immunoreactive fibres in the posterior pituitary. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Some researchers believe that they arise from the folliculostellate cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • glands, but little is known about the exact roles of those cells. (bilpubgroup.com)
  • Differentiated nongranulated (folliculo-stellate) cells were observed in the centre and periphery of the cords of cells in the pars distalis of the adult tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). (shengsci.com)
  • The study demonstrates that NADPH-d histochemistry is not always coincident with NOS and provides evidence for an as yet uncharacterized subtype of NOS in the rat anterior pituitary. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cytomorphological study on human submandibular gland following treatment with secretagogue drugs. (shengsci.com)
  • Using specimens of human submandibular glands, we have investigated in vitro the morphological modifications induced by clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative that is used in psychotic patients and that provokes hypersalivation, a side-effect of therapy. (shengsci.com)
  • Activin is involved in pituitary hormone regulation and its pituitary actions can be nullified by local production of its binding protein follistatin. (frontiersin.org)
  • In our recent study with grass carp, local release of growth hormone (GH) was shown to induce activin expression at pituitary level, which in turn could exert an intrapituitary feedback to inhibit GH synthesis and secretion. (frontiersin.org)
  • Competition between adult males for limited resources such as food and receptive females is shaped by the male pattern of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion that determines body size and the production of urinary pheromones involved in male-to-male aggres- sion. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • D2Rs are also found in pituitary lactotropes, unexpected importance of D2Rs in the regulation of the growth where they mediate the tonic inhibitory control that dopamine hormone (GH) axis and control of body size, a differential phe- (DA) exerts on prolactin (PRL) synthesis and release. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • We thank the National Hormone and Pituitary Program (National Institute of differentiation ratio of these two cell types from their common Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) and Dr. A.F. Parlow for mouse RIA kits and antibodies, Guillermo Lanuza somatolactotrope precursor and, for providing Ai14 mice, and Vanina Rodriguez and Irina García Sua´rez for excellent technical assistance. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • Loss of the NHE2 Na+/H+ exchanger in mice results in dilation of folliculo-stellate cell canaliculi. (nih.gov)
  • In pars distalis of NHE2-null mice, prominent cyst-like dilatations of folliculo-stellate (FS) cell canaliculi developed with age, and there were increased FS cell area, accumulation of lipid in FS cell cytoplasm, redundancies in FS cell basement membrane, and other changes. (nih.gov)
  • Here we conducted a cell-specific genetic dissection study in conditional mutant mice that selectively lack DA D2 receptors (D2R) from pituitary lactotropes (lacDrd2KO) or neurons (neuroDrd2KO). (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • appreciated in mice lacking D2Rs ( Drd2 ⫺/⫺) that display hyper- Central D2 receptors (D2Rs) participate in important brain func- prolactinemia and develop pituitary hyperplasia tions, including the control of locomotor activity and reward- Analysis of Drd2 ⫺/⫺ mice also revealed the seeking behavior. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • Since GH stimulation by DA via pituitary D1 receptor is well-documented in fish models, the receptor specificity for follistatin regulation by DA was also investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results, as a whole, suggest that activin can interact with dopaminergic input from the hypothalamus to regulate follistatin expression in carp pituitary, which may contribute to GH regulation by activin/follistatin system via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In mammals (e.g., rodents), the activin/follistatin system is a key component for reproductive function both in the pituitary (for gonadotropin regulation) and at the gonadal level (for oocyte/sperm maturation and steroid production) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The results suggest that NHE2 contributes to homeostatic regulation of the volume and composition of the canalicular fluid and may counter the secretory activity of the CFTR Cl⁻ channel, which is known to be expressed in pituitary. (nih.gov)
  • In grass carp pituitary cells, follistatin co-treatment was found to revert activin inhibition on GH mRNA expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a pharmacological approach, the inhibitory effect of DA on follistatin gene expression was confirmed to be mediated by pituitary D1 but not D2 receptor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, activation of D1 receptor by the D1-specific agonist SKF77434 was also effective in blocking follistatin mRNA expression induced by activin and GH treatment both in carp pituitary cells as well as in carp somatotrophs enriched by density gradient centrifugation. (frontiersin.org)
  • At tissue level, e.g., in the pituitary ( 4 ) and ovarian follicle ( 5 ), co-expression of follistatin and activin is frequently observed and follistatin expression is highly inducible by activin, which constitutes a local feedback for signal termination of activin actions ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the rat pituitary, activin is expressed mainly in gonadotrophs ( 22 ) and stimulates FSH secretion and gene expression with parallel rise in GnRH receptor expression ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show that NHE2 is expressed in the pituitary, with the highest mRNA expression in pars distalis and lower expression in pars intermedia. (nih.gov)
  • The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma is usually straightforward on H&E stained sections, which readily identify the monomorphic adenoma cell population. (cap.org)