• DNA synthesis may also be delayed when certain chemotherapeutic agents are used, including folate antagonists, purine antagonists, pyrimidine antagonists, and even folate antagonist antimicrobials. (medscape.com)
  • The folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (eur.nl)
  • A good example is the highly successful folate antagonist, methotrexate. (bvsalud.org)
  • An impairment of this reaction initiates a process that can lead to megaloblastic anemia, one of the hallmarks of folate deficiency [ 4 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma homocysteine concentration is a commonly used functional indicator of folate status because homocysteine levels rise when the body cannot convert homocysteine to methionine due to a 5-MTHF deficiency [ 9 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Folate in the form of folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folate deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not consuming enough folate can lead to folate deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate deficiency in children may develop within a month of poor dietary intake. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate deficiency hinders DNA synthesis and cell division, affecting hematopoietic cells and neoplasms the most because of their greater frequency of cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA transcription and subsequent protein synthesis are less affected by folate deficiency, as the mRNA can be recycled and used again (as opposed to DNA synthesis, where a new genomic copy must be created). (wikipedia.org)
  • Deficiency of folate in pregnant women has been implicated in neural tube defects (NTDs), with an estimate of 300,000 cases worldwide prior to the implementation in many countries of mandatory food fortification. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 9 , 10 ] Although the macrocytosis of alcoholism may be secondary to poor nutrition with a resulting folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, it is more often due to direct toxicity of the alcohol on the marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Folate deficiency anemia occurs when a person has a low level of folate, or vitamin B-9, in their body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In this article, we explore the causes, symptoms, and complications relating to folate deficiency anemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What is folate deficiency anemia? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Folate deficiency anemia is one of many different types of anemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Getting enough folate through the diet and supplements is the best way to prevent folate deficiency anemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What causes folate deficiency? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Folate deficiency may occur if a person does not consume enough foods that contain folate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, even people who eat a healthful, balanced diet can develop folate deficiency. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Folate deficiency is common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because the body stores only a small amount of folate, a diet lacking in folate leads to a deficiency within a few months. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Not eating enough raw leafy vegetables and citrus fruits can cause folate deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If a pregnant woman has folate deficiency, the risk of having an infant with a birth defect of the spinal cord or brain is increased. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Folate supplements taken by mouth usually correct the deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 3) Treatment of anemia caused by folate deficiency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Folate deficiency, of course, is harmful. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Recent studies in test tubes brings into question whether there is a connection between elevated homocysteine (and, therefore, folate deficiency) in the mother and Down's syndrome in the child. (healthyplace.com)
  • Cellular uptake of folate requires vitamin B-12, so vitamin B-12 deficiency can decrease RBC folate levels and increase the plasma folate levels. (medscape.com)
  • A plasma folic acid level of more than 4 ng/mL can rule out folate deficiency . (medscape.com)
  • In the absence of recent anorexia or fasting, a plasma folic acid level of less than 2 ng/mL is diagnostic of folate deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • 2] "Isolation of human cDNAs that restore methotrexate sensitivity and reduced folate carrier activity in methotrexate transport-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells. (tcdb.org)
  • 3] "Isolation of a gene encoding a human reduced folate carrier (RFC1) and analysis of its expression in transport-deficient, methotrexate-resistant human breast cancer cells. (tcdb.org)
  • 8] "Topological and functional analysis of the human reduced folate carrier by hemagglutinin epitope insertion. (tcdb.org)
  • 18] "Topological and functional analysis of the human reduced folate carrier by hemagglutinin epitope insertion. (tcdb.org)
  • The Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC) Family (TC 2.A.48) Members of the RFC family mediate the uptake of folate, reduce folate, derivatives of reduced folate and the drug, methotrexate. (nih.gov)
  • The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of adequate folate supplementation in individuals exposed to MTX ≤ 30 mg/week, to define determinants of good practices, and to analyse association between folate supplementation and early MTX withdrawal. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Adequate folate supplementation was defined as a mean weekly dose of folate ≥ 5 mg over the MTX exposure. (medicaljournals.se)
  • A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess whether adequate folate supplementation was associated with early (i.e. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Overall, 2,774 individuals (73.6%) had adequate folate supplementation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • a concentration above 140 ng/mL indicates adequate folate status [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 9 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Even before a woman typically discovers she is pregnant, folate already is at work, making it most important to enter into a pregnancy with an adequate folate level. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Two meta-analyses have shown that some of these adverse events may be limited by folate supplementation (2, 3), without lowering MTX efficacy (3-5). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Furthermore, folate supplementation may relieve MTX-related hyperhomocysteinaemia (4). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Finally, folate supplementation is usually inexpensive and is not, in itself, associated with adverse events. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Folate supplementation and methotrexate. (bmj.com)
  • Folate supplementation has been reviewed ( He and Li 2023 ). (tcdb.org)
  • Three approaches can increase intake of folate/folic acid*: dietary improvement, supplementation, and food fortification. (cdc.gov)
  • The ability of all three strains to carry out de novo folate synthesis was demonstrated by following the incorporation of exogenous [3H]pABA into intracellular folates and by detecting dihydropteroate synthase activity in reticulate body crude extract. (jci.org)
  • These cells undergo a 30-fold decrease in intracellular folates, overexpress folate receptor alpha (FRα) and metallothionein II, and display increased sensitivity to the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) targeted antifolates methotrexate (MTX) and trimetrexate (TMTX), which can be attributed primarily to the folate pool status. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Folate functions as a coenzyme or cosubstrate in single-carbon transfers in the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and metabolism of amino acids [ 1-3 ]. (nih.gov)
  • One of the most important folate-dependent reactions is the conversion of homocysteine to methionine in the synthesis of S-adenosyl-methionine, an important methyl donor. (nih.gov)
  • Acquisition and synthesis of folates by obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Chlamydia. (jci.org)
  • Folate also supports neurotransmitter synthesis - which in turn, helps maintain cognitive abilities. (vitacost.com)
  • From a complete portfolio of innovative folates to custom synthesis, our customized and scalable solutions meet your specific production needs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Since folate is involved in DNA synthesis which is crucial for cell growth and cancer cells have more folate receptors on their surfaces and produce more folate-dependent enzymes than normal cells, excess circulating folic acid could feed into this process and allow cancer cells to proliferate. (drfuhrman.com)
  • An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1] "Molecular cloning of the human placental folate transporter. (tcdb.org)
  • Everyone needs to get the recommended amount of folate each day because the body cannot store it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When a person does not have enough folate , they develop anemia , the symptoms of which include fatigue , weakness, and pale skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As a result, people can become deficient in folate within just a few weeks if their diet does not include enough folate or if they have a health condition that interferes with its absorption. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • do not consume enough folate because they often substitute alcohol for food. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Conversely, the plasma folate level can be restored to normal with one folate-rich meal. (medscape.com)
  • it reflects tissue folate adequacy better than the plasma folate level, since it reflects a time-averaged value of folate. (medscape.com)
  • Some dietary supplements also contain folate in the monoglutamyl form, 5-MTHF (also known as L-5-MTHF, 5-methyl-folate, L-methylfolate, and methylfolate). (nih.gov)
  • The simultaneous administration of sulfasalazine and folic acid is regular practice in the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases in order to maintain sufficient folate concentration in patients. (mdpi.com)
  • Severe, occasionally fatal, skin reactions have been reported following single or multiple doses of methotrexate. (nih.gov)
  • Hello all, I recently suffered from an Ectopic at the end of October 2022 and got two doses of methotrexate (Nov 15 2022 and Nov 22, 2022). (babycenter.com)
  • 2) Treatment of certain neoplastic diseases, severe psoriasis, and adult rheumatoid arthritis as a rescue therapy to reduce the toxic side effects of intermediate or high doses of methotrexate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Intake recommendations for folate and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by an expert committee of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
  • The recommended adult daily intake of folate in the U.S. is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements. (wikipedia.org)
  • PMID 19336565 ] Folate Intake, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms, and Breast Cancer Risk in Women from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort. (snpedia.com)
  • PMID 17301261 ] Dietary folate intake, MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women. (snpedia.com)
  • This role is strongly suggested by studies that link low folate status during pregnancy to hyperactivity and other behavior problems in children, and higher folate intake with greater academic achievement in teens. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Red blood cell methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations: a potential biochemical marker of clinical response to oral methotrexate therapy in psoriasis? (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The mandatory fortification of standardized enriched cereal grain products in the United States resulted in a substantial increase in blood folate concentrations and a concomitant decrease in NTD prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • Folate is especially important during periods of frequent cell division and growth, such as infancy and pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • NTDs occur early in pregnancy (first month), therefore women must have abundant folate upon conception and for this reason there is a recommendation that any woman planning to become pregnant consume a folate-containing dietary supplement before and during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Women need higher amounts of folate during pregnancy because folate is necessary for DNA formation as the fetus develops. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pregnancy sooner than 3 months post Methotrexate? (babycenter.com)
  • Pregnancy isn't the only time in life to focus on folate. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Insufficient folate can have devastating effects on a pregnancy, leading to birth defects. (drfuhrman.com)
  • During the initial four weeks of pregnancy, folate plays an important role in the folding of the neural tube which is the precursor to the brain and central nervous system. (drfuhrman.com)
  • 2, 3 Consuming folate-rich foods before and during pregnancy may also offer protection against cardiac birth defects, childhood respiratory illnesses, and childhood cancers. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Folate is also necessary beyond pregnancy and childhood, as this vitamin plays a critical role in supporting our health as adults. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Preliminary information also raises question about the possibility of folate supplements during pregnancy preventing the development of childhood leukemia. (healthyplace.com)
  • Homocysteine levels, however, are not a highly specific indicator of folate status because they can be influenced by other factors, including kidney dysfunction and deficiencies of vitamin B12 and other micronutrients [ 1 , 3 , 9 , 10 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Folate helps maintain homocysteine levels within the normal range, thereby promoting cardiovascular health. (vitacost.com)
  • Has anyone gotten pregnant sooner than 3 months post methotrexate? (babycenter.com)
  • This is why women planning on becoming pregnant should be taking a multivitamin with plenty of folate, and why all pregnant women receiving prenatal care are put on a prenatal vitamin. (healthyplace.com)
  • The polyglutamyl form of folate is hydrolyzed to a monoglutamyl form (the absorbable form) by the enzyme folate conjugase, which is found mainly in the brush border of the intestinal mucosal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Do not use this product if treated with methotrexate, fluorouracil, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone or levodopa prior to consultation with your personal physician. (vitacost.com)
  • A lack of folate leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot create a sufficient number of red blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Testing the folate level, which is also known as folic acid and vitamin B9, is primarily used in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia . (medscape.com)
  • One medication that has been hypothesized to precipitate manic episodes is the chemotherapy agent methotrexate. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • If you do develop lymphoma, it might go away without treatment when you stop taking methotrexate, or it might need to be treated with chemotherapy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Examples include methotrexate (used in chemotherapy and in treating rheumatic arthritis ) and the protease inhibitors used to treat HIV/AIDS . (wikipedia.org)
  • This study investigated relationships between accumulation of methotrexate and gene expression levels of solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette transporters in cancer cells after a single and high-dose X-ray irradiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the calcium folinate rescue dosage regimen depends heavily on the posology and method of the intermediate- or high-dose methotrexate administration, the methotrexate protocol will dictate the dosage regimen of calcium folinate rescue. (janusinfo.se)
  • refer to the applied intermediate or high dose methotrexate protocol for posology and method of administration of calcium folinate. (janusinfo.se)
  • Folate, formerly known as folacin and sometimes vitamin B9, is the generic term for naturally occurring food folates and folates in dietary supplements and fortified foods, including folic acid. (nih.gov)
  • Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate (vitamin B9) refers to the many forms of folic acid and its related compounds, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid, folacin, and pteroylglutamic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate/folate derivative transporter, RFC1. (tcdb.org)
  • Women who are taking both oral contraceptives and antiseizure drugs may need to take folate supplements. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Folate supplements can help maintain the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neural tube defects and folate pathway genes: family-based association tests of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. (snpedia.com)
  • Women who have had a baby with a neural tube defect are often prescribed higher doses of folate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In a folate-deficient fetus, the tube may not close completely during folding, causing a neural tube defect. (drfuhrman.com)
  • After the folding of the neural tube, folate continues to play an important role in the development of the brain and nervous system. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Methotrexate (MTX) pathway gene polymorphisms and their effects on MTX toxicity in Caucasian and African American patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (jrheum.org)
  • Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. (nih.gov)
  • Vitamin B9, also called folic acid or folate, is one of eight water-soluble B vitamins. (healthyplace.com)
  • A combination of serum or erythrocyte folate concentration and indicators of metabolic function can also be used to assess folate status. (nih.gov)
  • 4] "Isolation of a human cDNA that complements a mutant hamster cell defective in methotrexate uptake. (tcdb.org)
  • When consumed, food folates are hydrolyzed to the monoglutamate form in the gut prior to absorption by active transport across the intestinal mucosa [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
  • 5] "Human intestinal folate transport: cloning, expression, and distribution of complementary RNA. (tcdb.org)
  • Why can't we start taking folate/vitamins again a week after methotrexate if the hcg levels are steadily going down? (babycenter.com)
  • Adequate amounts of B vitamins including folate are important for maintaining good cognitive function throughout life. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity, and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of methotrexate administration. (nih.gov)
  • Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity, and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of methotrexate administration (see section 5.2 and 4.4). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Dosage and duration of calcium folinate rescue primarily depend on the type and dosage of methotrexate therapy, the occurrence of toxicity symptoms, and the individual excretion capacity for methotrexate. (janusinfo.se)
  • Chemically, folates consist of three distinct chemical moieties linked together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synthetic folic acid, which is chemically different than folate, is found in supplements and fortified foods and is twice as absorbable by the human body compared to natural folate. (drfuhrman.com)
  • There is no evidence that folate supplements reduce or increase the risk of various cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Methotrexate may cause a decrease in the number of blood cells made by your bone marrow. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Methotrexate may decrease the activity of your immune system, and you may develop serious infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People can meet their daily folate needs by eating folate-rich roods or taking vitamin supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Folate in supplements or in enriched foods is easier for the body to absorb than the folate that occurs naturally in food. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Folate supplements do not protect against coronary artery disease or stroke. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Folate supplements do not seem to improve cognitive function in older adults. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Efforts to improve women's dietary habits so that they consume more foods rich in folate or daily vitamin supplements have had little success because they require behavior change, improved accessibility, affordability, or sustainability ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This is the first month my husband and I are trying to conceive again following an ectopic (successfully managed with one dose of methotrexate in april). (babycenter.com)
  • Your doctor will monitor you more carefully and may need to give you a lower dose of methotrexate or stop your treatment with methotrexate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1 Although there is very limited literature describing an association between methotrexate and the occurrence of manic episodes, there have been reported cases of manic episodes in patients with stable bipolar disorder following the administration of methotrexate. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • For all these patients, we searched for co-prescription of folate (i.e. folic or folinic acid, ATC codes B03BB01 or V03AF03) during MTX exposure. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Whether unmetabolized folic acid has any biological activity or can be used as a biomarker of folate status is not known [ 7 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historic names included L. ⁠casei factor, vitamin Bc and vitamin M. The terms folate and folic acid have somewhat different meanings in different contexts, although sometimes used interchangeably. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the field of organic chemistry, folate refers to the conjugate base of folic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the field of biochemistry, folates refer to a class of biologically active compounds related to and including folic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the field of nutrition, the folates are a family of essential nutrients related to folic acid obtained from natural sources whereas the term folic acid is reserved for the manufactured form that is used as a dietary supplement. (wikipedia.org)
  • The synthetic form of folate is called folic acid . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Although there was no significant bias detected compared with the LC-MS/MS method, the FPIA method showed constant positive bias, probably because of interference from folates and MTX metabolites 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid and 7-hydroxy-MTX. (eur.nl)
  • Just to be clear: folic acid is not the same as natural folate. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Natural folate is beneficial when provided by whole foods, but may be harmful in supplement form as folic acid. (drfuhrman.com)
  • While the body converts some synthetic folic acid to folate, it has a limited capacity to do so. (drfuhrman.com)
  • In addition, synthetic folic acid can disrupt the actions of natural folate as it has a greater capability to bind to folate receptors on our cells. (drfuhrman.com)
  • This, in turn, could result in folic acid being preferentially transported into normal healthy cells instead of natural folate. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Once inside the cell, folic acid could then compete with natural folates for other binding sites, preventing them from functioning properly and potentially causing changes in normal gene expression or cell growth rates. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Since folic acid is more absorbable than natural folate, we run the risk of excess when we ingest the synthetic form. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Exposure to methotrexate, valproic acid or ince, north Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • Folate is also known as folic acid and vitamin B-9. (medscape.com)
  • Non-Hispanic black women have consistently had lower NTD prevalence than Hispanic women and non-Hispanic white women ( Figure 2 ), despite having the lowest folate levels before and after mandatory fortification. (cdc.gov)
  • Nonfolate risk factors for NTDs might explain this inconsistency between NTD prevalence and folate status and merit further study. (cdc.gov)
  • This case report demonstrates the acute onset of mania in a patient with no history of bipolar disorder , which putatively was precipitated by the use of intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with impaired renal functions, ascites, or pleural effusions. (nih.gov)
  • Malignant lymphomas, which may regress following withdrawal of methotrexate, may occur in patients receiving low-dose methotrexate and, thus, may not require cytotoxic treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Like other cytotoxic drugs, methotrexate may induce "tumor lysis syndrome" in patients with rapidly growing tumors. (nih.gov)
  • 2 To date, however, there have been no reported cases of manic episodes precipitated by methotrexate in patients without an existing diagnosis of bipolar disorder. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Patients must be educated and trained in the proper injection technique when self-administering methotrexate. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with a third distribution space (ascites, pleural effusions). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Even in the current era of biological or targeted therapies, methotrexate (MTX) remains the initial recommended disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and is widely prescribed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
  • Gene-nutrient interactions among determinants of folate and one-carbon metabolism on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: NCI-SEER case-control study. (snpedia.com)
  • You should only take methotrexate to treat cancer or certain other conditions that are very severe and that cannot be treated with other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other common side effects of methotrexate include increased risk with infection and greater chance of sunburn, either of which may also be more severe with methotrexate. (rawarrior.com)
  • In adults, normal total body folate is between 10 and 30 mg with blood levels of greater than 7 nmol/L (3 ng/mL). (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate:H+ symport, folate:OH- antiport and folate:anion antiport mechanisms have been proposed, but the energetic mechanism is not well defined. (nih.gov)
  • Folate is abundant in green vegetables, beans and other whole plant foods. (drfuhrman.com)
  • Methotrexate may cause liver damage, especially when it is taken for a long period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol or if you have or have ever had liver disease, your doctor may tell you not to take methotrexate unless you have a life-threatening form of cancer because there is a higher risk that you will develop liver damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor may order liver biopsies (removal of a small piece of liver tissue to be examined in a laboratory) before and during your treatment with methotrexate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Methotrexate can lead to liver cirrhosis or liver fibrosis. (rawarrior.com)