Fluorescence mutant proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Additionally, fluorescence microscopy techniques have indicated that phagocytes also have a relatively low internal pH. (wikipedia.org)
The final constitution of M1 on the membrane was characterized by confocal fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles. (hu-berlin.de)
Wild-type (WT) and the indicated mutant cells expressing Tom70-GFP and the vacuole marker Vph1-mCherry were aged and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. (elifesciences.org)
Fluorescent microscopy of transiently transfected mammalian cells expressing Phi-Yellow proteins. (evrogen.com)
Several lines of evidence support this conclusion, the most direct being the colocalization by immunofluorescence microscopy of influenza virus hemagglutinin with a 58-kD protein that is known to reside in an intermediate compartment. (rupress.org)
Third, at the resolution of fluorescence microscopy, the Golgi complex in the mutant cells vanished at the restrictive temperature. (rupress.org)
Proteins on the phagosomes were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. (oregonstate.edu)
Using fluorescence microscopy, biologists commonly introduce a gene that encodes an engineered fluorescent protein into living cells and then examine the location and dynamics of the gene product. (eresearchco.com)
By allowing researchers to use molecular cloning techniques to fuse the fluorophore moiety to a wide variety of protein and enzyme targets in order to monitor cellular processes in living systems using optical microscopy and related methods, the early 1960s discovery of green fluorescent protein ultimately heralded a new era in cell biology. (eresearchco.com)
The green fluorescent protein and its colorshifted genetic derivatives have been of great use in many thousands of live-cell imaging experiments thanks to recent technological advancements in wide field fluorescence and confocal microscopy, such as ultrafast low light level digital cameras and multitracking laser control systems. (eresearchco.com)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy and N-glycosylation profiling were used to observe the subcellular localization of the mutant proteins relative to wild-type (WT). (uaeu.ac.ae)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy of the mutants showed three distinct subcellular localizations, namely, a plasma membrane pattern, an ER pattern, and a mixed pattern to both compartments. (uaeu.ac.ae)
We studied the effect of the E173A, R90P, E150A, and A155T myopathy-causing substitutions in γ-tropomyosin (Tpm3.12) on the position of tropomyosin in thin filaments, and the conformational state of actin monomers and myosin heads at different stages of the ATPase cycle using polarized fluorescence microscopy. (ox.ac.uk)
Electron microscopy analysis revealed striking membrane perturbations and the accumulation of vesicles in arrested mutants. (tamu.edu)
The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. (frontiersin.org)
In this thesis, total internal fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) and single-molecule imaging were used to observe and characterize protein-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) interacting with immune cells to obtain the binding kinetics of various protein-protein pairs. (lu.se)

When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
First, the block in secretion is not due to aberrant folding or oligomerization of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum because the hemagglutinin of influenza virus folded and oligomerized at the same rate in mutant and parental cells at the restrictive temperature. (rupress.org)
For instance, how can cells control the diverse patterns of glycosylation of various secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in an orderly manner with high accuracy? (go.jp)
Culturing at reduced temperatures and incubation in the presence of chemical compounds were used to enhance mutant protein processing and exit out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (uaeu.ac.ae)
There is some overlap in fluorescence patterns between tagged QM and the endoplasmic reticulum marker protein BiP. (gla.ac.uk)

This technique, which makes use of fluorescence spectroscopy, consists of adding this special dye to the cytosol of a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Diffusion_Photodynamics Coupling in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Studies of Photoswitchable Green Fluorescent Proteins: An Analytical and Simulative Study. (unimib.it)
The conformational transitions of the purified subunits were studied through steady state as well as time resolved fluorescence and CD spectroscopy under various denaturing conditions. (sciencecentral.in)
In experiments using double point mutations, E73G/D77G, E73G/E75G, and E75G/D77G, significant changes are seen in all mutants in comparison with WT protein as measured by fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. (protabank.org)
To assess for cutaneous porphyria, the plasma porphyrin level should be measured, using fluorescence emission spectroscopy. (medscape.com)

An interaction with cytosolic HSP70 and HSP90 could be shown by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. (uni-muenchen.de)
Transmission of polyQ proteins was detected using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). (en-journal.org)

Major intracellular buffer systems include those involving proteins or phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
Since the proteins have acidic and basic regions, they can serve as both proton donors or acceptors in order to maintain a relatively stable intracellular pH. (wikipedia.org)
NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
Molecular chaperones assist the folding of newly synthesized and denatured proteins in acquiring their native state in the crowded intracellular environment. (uni-muenchen.de)
1 V(D)J recombination and the activity of genes of interest (using GFP as a reporter of gene expression) can be detected as intracellular fluorescence and are measured simultaneously in the same cell population, at the single cell level. (umassmed.edu)
We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. (frontiersin.org)
Rapid detection of intracellular SH2D1A protein in cytotoxic lymphocytes from patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease and their family members. (lu.se)

A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
Wild type and E107A mutant differ very little in their surface exposure of apolar residues and in their structural stability. (molvis.org)
The fluorescence can be destroyed by denaturation as well as mutations in residues that surround the fluorophore. (eresearchco.com)
BACKGROUND: O-GlcNAcylation is the enzymatic addition of a sugar, O-linked ß-N-Acetylglucosamine, to the serine and threonine residues of proteins, and is abundant in diabetic conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Since serine 65, threonine 203, glutamate 222 and histidine 148 have been indicated as key residues in determining the GFP fluorescence photodynamics, we focus on the role of histidine 148 and glutamate 222 by studying the fluorescence dynamics of GFPmut2 (S65A, V68L, S72A GFP) and its H148G (Mut2G) and E222Q (Mut2Q) mutants. (unimib.it)
This cylinder-shaped protein is composed of 11 (mostly) antiparallel β strands (1 and 6 are parallel) and an alpha helix through its center containing the chromophore that is formed autocatalytically from residues Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67. (ibs.fr)
The mutant protein showed altered polarity around tryptophan residues, changed quenching parameters and also noticeably altered secondary and tertiary structure compared to the w-t protein. (sciencecentral.in)
Sequence comparison of L. mexicana, yeast and human GPI8 proteins identified two potential active site cysteine residues. (gla.ac.uk)
To examine the role of water penetration, we have measured the 17O and 2H magnetic relaxation dis- persions (MRD) for the V66E and V66K mutants of staphylococcal nuclease, where glutamic acid and lysine residues are buried in predominantly apolar environments. (lu.se)

Yellow fluorescent protein, or YFP, is a GFP mutation. (eresearchco.com)
The comparison of these three mutants shows that the mutation of histidine 148 to glycine induces a three-fold increase in the protonation rate, thereby indicating that the protonation-deprotonation of the chromophore occurs via a proton exchange with the solution mediated by the histidine 148 residue. (unimib.it)
A novel FOXL2 heterozygous indel mutation, c.19_95del, a 77-bp deletion that disrupts FOXL2 protein structure, was identified in all affected members of the family. (ijbs.com)
In addition, this indel mutation significantly increased StAR mRNA expression by disrupting the ability of the FOXL2 protein to bind to the StAR promoter and act as a repressor of this gene. (ijbs.com)
Similarly, TP53 mutation does not always lead to the accumulation of p53 protein in cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Second, secretory proteins accumulated in a compartment intermediate between the ER and the Golgi. (rupress.org)
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of diverse physiological functions such as proliferation, global protein, and lipid synthesis as well as many metabolic pathways interacting to increase secretory capabilities. (go.jp)
This approach of increasing microbial secretory protein expression has led to breakthroughs in medicine, industry, and agriculture. (titech.ac.jp)

Articles Addgene's Fluorescent Protein Guide Note: A. Max Juchheim contributed to the writing of this article. (addgene.org)
Timer protein - a mutant of the fluorescent protein dsRed that changes irreversibly its color from green to. (addgene.org)
The mobility of a fluorescent protein fusion can be assessed using a technique known as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). (microscopyu.com)
Fluorescent protein fusions are the tags of choice for use in FRAP because they can be bleached without detectable damage to the cell. (microscopyu.com)
Inverse pericam (IPC) comprises a permuted fluorescent protein linked to a calcium sensor. (openwetware.org)
Unraveling electronic absorption spectra using nuclear quantum effects: Photoactive yellow protein and green fluorescent protein chromophores in water. (copgfp.com)
Upregulation of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin by peripherally administered furosemide in transgenic rats expressing arginine vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein. (copgfp.com)
Development of a novel Newcastle disease virus (NDV) neutralization test based on recombinant NDV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. (copgfp.com)
In hindsight, the first demonstrations of recombinant expression in organisms other than jellyfish and the cloning of the gene represent a clearly discernible turning point in the history of fluorescent protein research. (eresearchco.com)
Although the gene for green fluorescent protein was first cloned in 1992, it wasn't until several years later that fusion products were used to track gene expression in bacteria and nematodes that the gene's significant potential as a molecular probe was realized. (eresearchco.com)
Green fluorescent protein has been engineered to produce a plethora of diversely colored mutants, fusion proteins, and biosensors that are collectively referred to as fluorescent proteins since these initial studies. (eresearchco.com)
By changing a tyrosine residue to a histidine at position 66, blue fluorescent protein was made. (eresearchco.com)
This fluorescent protein has a maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm. (eresearchco.com)
A fluorescent protein with an emission maximum at 500 nm is produced when tryptamine replaces tyrosine. (eresearchco.com)
Cyan fluorescent protein, or CFP, is the latter. (eresearchco.com)
As shown on the figure (so called Jablonski diagram), when a molecule (e.g. a fluorescent protein) in the electronic ground state absorbs a photon of suitable wavelength, it accesses the first electronically excited state. (ibs.fr)
For FPs, one often compares the MB to that of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), which is about 30000 M -1 .cm -1 . (ibs.fr)
In order to pin-point when progenitors have acquired the ability to rearrange antibody genes, we are using a novel retroviral substrate assay for V(D)J recombination, utilizing very bright mutants of Green fluorescent protein (GFP). (umassmed.edu)

Furthermore, the fluorescence decay kinetics in the K264E strain were insensitive to addition of either formate or HCO3-, whereas HCO3--reversible formate-induced inhibition in the K264A mutant was observed. (bvsalud.org)

The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
The unique property of being selfsufficient to form a visible wavelength chromophore from a sequence of three amino acids within their own polypeptide sequence distinguishes fluorescent proteins from other structurally homologous proteins. (eresearchco.com)

MalE31, a mutant with two amino acid substitutions at postion 33 and 34, does not fold and is classified as a non-folder. (igem.org)
After maturation, these three amino-acids form a para-HydroxyBenzylideneDimethylImidazolinone (p-HBDI) structure, responsible for the light absorption and emission properties of the protein. (ibs.fr)
One of these non-structural proteins is nsp15, a 346 amino acid nidoviral RNA uridylate‐specific and Mn 2+ -dependent [3] endoribonuclease (NendoU). (insidecorona.net)
In this paper, we show that amino acids Glu(73) and Asp(77) of staphylococcal nuclease cooperate unequally with Glu(75) to stabilize its structure located between the C-terminal helix and beta-barrel of the protein. (protabank.org)
Amino acid substitutions E73G and D77G cause losses of the catalytic efficiency of 24 and 16% and cause thermal stability losses of 22 and 26%, respectively, in comparison with the wild type (WT) protein. (protabank.org)
The ionizable amino acid side chains of proteins are usually located at the surface. (lu.se)

The viral spike proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, as well as the proton channel M2 are embedded into this membrane. (hu-berlin.de)
Mutant-based analysis revealed that M1 owns more than one membrane binding site. (hu-berlin.de)
The positively charged area in the N-terminal and the C-terminal domain mediated membrane association of the respective mutant protein. (hu-berlin.de)
Mitochondrial protein degradation is not triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or oxidative stress. (elifesciences.org)
However, salt treatment of protoplasts, expressing the respective N-terminus of DJC31 or DJC62 fused to GFP, revealed that both proteins are released from the ER membrane into the cytosol under salt stress conditions, which indicates a regulation of DJC31 and DJC62 on the protein level. (uni-muenchen.de)
Autophagy receptors are endowed with the ability to both recognize the ubiquitination signals of cargoes by binding the ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) and interact with the ATG8/LC3/GABARAP protein on the autophagosome membrane, relying on their LC3-binding region (LIR), which is followed by the delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to the incipient autophagosome for engulfment and ultimately lysosomal degradation 20-22 . (researchsquare.com)
Based on the results, it was hypothesized that the phagosome environment and vacuole membrane of the wild-type bacterium might differ from the mutant. (oregonstate.edu)
Exchange of plastoquinol with the membrane plastoquinone pool at the QB-binding site was also retarded in both mutants. (bvsalud.org)
Once translated, these polyproteins are cleaved by one of the two encoded proteases (3C-like protease (nsp5) or papain-like-protease (nsp3)) to yield between 15 and 16 non-structural proteins, which assemble into a large membrane-bound replicase complex (RTC). (insidecorona.net)
Many eukaryotic cell surface proteins are attached to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. (gla.ac.uk)
Though endocytic protein abundance in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae are more similar than previously thought, membrane invagination speed and depth are two-fold greater in fission yeast than in budding yeast. (biorxiv.org)
All the mutants showed temperature-dependent mislocalization of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged nucleoporins (nups) and the pore-membrane protein Pom152. (tamu.edu)

Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. (frontiersin.org)

Despite dimerization capacity, Phi-Yellow proteins demonstrate successful performance in fusions with subcellular localization signals and many cellular proteins. (evrogen.com)

Wild-type (WT) and the indicated mutant cells expressing Tom70-GFP and Vph1-mCherry were treated with concanamycin A for the indicated time (hr). (elifesciences.org)
D ) Tom70-GFP was monitored for autophagy-dependent degradation using a GFP-cleavage assay in wild-type (WT) and the indicated mutant cells treated with concanamycin A (ConcA) for the indicated time (hr). (elifesciences.org)
Shown here is sample data from the teaching lab: normalized fluorescence for wild-type inverse pericam as a function of calcium concentration. (openwetware.org)
In contrast to the wild-type p53 protein, missense mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins are stabilized and accumulate to high levels in the cell 11 . (researchsquare.com)
These mutants not only lead to cancer progression due to loss of wild-type p53 activity but also enhanced oncogenic functions (gain-of-function (GOF)), including enhanced tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic drugs 12, 13 . (researchsquare.com)
Intrinsic fluorescence of wild-type and E107A mutant HGDC. (molvis.org)
This mutant, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, was shown both to have impaired the ability to replicate within macrophages and to have prevented phagosome/lysosome fusion. (oregonstate.edu)
The transcriptional profile of macrophages infected with the wild-type bacterium and the mutant were examined using DNA microarray, which showed that the two bacteria interact uniquely with mononuclear phagocytes. (oregonstate.edu)
Wild-type bacterium phagosomes expressed a number of proteins different from those infected with the mutant. (oregonstate.edu)
The environment in the phagosome of macrophages infected with the mutant differed from the environment of vacuoles with M. hominissuis wild-type in the concentration of zinc, manganese, calcium and potassium. (oregonstate.edu)
the mutant protein was found in the cytoplasm, while the wild-type protein was found in the nucleus. (ijbs.com)
Mutant polyQ (Q97) was transmitted much more efficiently than wild type polyQ (Q25) and forms numerous inclusion bodies as well. (en-journal.org)
The wild-type (wt) and mutant proteins were purified to homogeneity through a serial two-step chromatographic purification procedure of anion exchange followed by size exclusion chromatography. (sciencecentral.in)
4) GPI8 null mutants are able to infect macrophages in vitro to approximately wild type levels, and replicate within macrophages. (gla.ac.uk)
A non-polar iglA deletion mutant was defective for growth in mouse macrophage-like cells, and in cis complementation largely restored the wild type macrophage growth phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
In the first part of this thesis, the interaction between the rat CD2 (rCD2) adhesion protein and its ligand rat CD48T92A (rCD48T92A), a high-affinity mutant of the wild type rat CD48, was used to establish a new method of obtaining single-cell binding affinities of T cells interacting with SLBs using imidazole titrations. (lu.se)
A carotenoid radical cation signal was detected in the wild type, although it was lost in the mutant. (lu.se)

This process produces short and long double-stranded RNA intermediates with polyuridine tracts at the 5′ end which can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors in the host cell such as RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthases (OASes), and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). (insidecorona.net)

We developed a new method of single molecule fluorescence detection that can track single-molecule fluorescence and FRET efficiency at the time resolution of 10 microsecond. (nii.ac.jp)
The current results might open a new research field of investigating proteins based on the assimilation of data obtained by single molecule method and MD calculation. (nii.ac.jp)

This unfolding is a local phenomena and can also be observed when the substrate is transferred from DnaK/J system (bacterial Hsp70) to GroEL, indicating the possibility of the existence of this conformational heterogeneity in vivo as the protein follows the cellular chaperone pathway. (uni-muenchen.de)
You will modify inverse pericam at the gene level using a process called site-directed mutagenesis, express the resultant protein in a bacterial host, and finally purify your mutant protein and assay its calcium-binding activity via fluorescence. (openwetware.org)
Nonetheless, the traditional method of genetically engineering bacterial strains for high protein production is extremely time consuming. (titech.ac.jp)
The study was led by Associate Professor Tetsuya Kitaguchi from Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan, and was conducted in collaboration with Ajinomoto Co., Inc. The innovative method, which combines microfluidics and versatile biosensing to quickly identify enhanced bacterial strains that produce the highest amount of a desired protein, is reported in their study published in the journal Small on April 24, 2023. (titech.ac.jp)
The proposed method involves using water microdroplets as tiny bacterial cultures and bioreactors and then sorting them based on their fluorescence intensity. (titech.ac.jp)
Thus, fluorescence intensity is directly related to the amount of the desired protein that each bacterial strain can produce. (titech.ac.jp)

The emission wavelength of these proteins is ideally positioned between those of green and red fluorescent proteins, allowing easy separation of these fluorescent tags by flow cytometry using common channels of detection and a single laser excitation line. (evrogen.com)
The detection of mutant p53 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has some limitations. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, the generation of two GFP mutants with distinct excitation optima allows for detection of two distinct GFP genes within single cells. (umassmed.edu)
Development of a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein and its application in a highly sensitive direct competitive fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for detection of ochratoxin A in cereal. (cdc.gov)

In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to detect the expression of p53 protein and gene deletion in ESCC tissue samples from different ethnic groups in Xinjiang, in order to analyze their association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular pathological method with high sensitivity and specificity, which uses specific DNA probes to detect chromosomal aberrations, as well as gene deletion and amplification ( 21 , 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)
The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the largest RNA genomes among RNA viruses [1], comprised of a replicase gene which encodes non-structural proteins (nsps), structural proteins, and accessory proteins. (insidecorona.net)

These data show that GPI-anchored proteins of L. mexicana are not essential for growth of promastigotes, invasion of macrophages by promastigotes, or infection of mice. (gla.ac.uk)

Although selective fluorescence markers in cell biology, fluorescent proteins (FPS) have still not revealed all of their surprising properties. (copgfp.com)

5) GPI8 null mutants are capable of forming lesions in mice. (gla.ac.uk)

Previous study characterized an attenuated mutant in which the PPE gene (MAV_2928) homologous to Rv1787 was inactivated. (oregonstate.edu)

No cytotoxic effects or visible protein aggregation are observed. (evrogen.com)
Expansion of polyQ increases the propensity for HTT protein aggregation, process known to be implicated in neurodegeneration. (en-journal.org)
The abnormal aggregation and accumulation of specific proteins in the form of cytoplasmic inclusion is common pathological feature of most age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (en-journal.org)
Extension of polyQ causes aggregation of HTT protein. (en-journal.org)
For example, viral infection, stress and the regulation of other proteins can also change the aggregation of p53 protein ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mutant also exhibited a higher tendency than the w-t protein for aggregation which was examined using fluorescent (Thioflavin-T) and spectroscopic (Congo red) dye binding techniques. (sciencecentral.in)

Additionally, performing a yeast two-hybrid library screening, potential client proteins of DJC31 could be identified. (uni-muenchen.de)
Two of the proteins involved in this step have been identified in yeast and mammals. (gla.ac.uk)
The predicted protein shares 31% identity with yeast and human homologues. (gla.ac.uk)

More than half of human malignant tumors harbor TP53 gene mutations, most of which are point mutations within the DNA-binding domain of TP53, resulting in mutant p53 (mutp53) protein stabilization and accumulation in the cell and enhanced tumor progression. (researchsquare.com)

Defective trafficking resulting in haploinsufficiency is a major cellular mechanism for several missense FEVR-causing FZD4 mutants. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), an independent protein degradation pathway, involves the phagocytosis of long cyclins and protein aggregates in the cytoplasm into autophagosomes for subsequent lysosomal degradation 17-19 . (researchsquare.com)

In a first couple of examples, I will show how distance and shape restraints from SANS have helped to improve the uniqueness of structural models for two multi-protein-RNA complexes, in combination with NMR restraints and building blocks from crystallography [1, 2]. (lu.se)

The simple approach combines biosensors and microfluidics to quickly identify mutant strains that secrete large amounts of industrially useful proteins, opening the doors to more applications, like reasonably priced biopharmaceuticals. (titech.ac.jp)
This is because it relies on introducing genetic modifications in individual strains and evaluating the effectiveness of protein production. (titech.ac.jp)
As an alternative, researchers sometimes rely on screening of large-scale libraries for identifying strains which secrete a high amount of protein. (titech.ac.jp)
This enables the extraction of only those strains that are the best at producing the desired protein. (titech.ac.jp)
In addition, the team also devised a clever protocol for sorting the mutant strains based on their performance (Figure 1). (titech.ac.jp)
The plot shows a comparison of the amount of the desired protein produced between 24 randomly picked strains before sorting and 24 strains picked from the top 50 performers. (titech.ac.jp)

For measuring pH inside of organelles, a technique utilizing pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) may be used. (wikipedia.org)
A Long-Lived Triplet State Is the Entrance Gateway to Oxidative Photochemistry in Green Fluorescent Proteins. (copgfp.com)
GFP (Green Fluorescent Proteins) mutants are known to display fluorescence flickering, a process that occurs in a wide time range. (unimib.it)

As a consequence, the hydrophobic collapse of the protein upon encapsulation by GroES follows a step-wise mechanism. (uni-muenchen.de)
In summary, this study revealed significant novel aspects of the GroEL folding mechanism and provided insights into the basis of rate acceleration of the substrate protein by the chaperonin. (uni-muenchen.de)
Following this, it employs a sorting mechanism to separate droplets with higher fluorescence intensity. (titech.ac.jp)
Alexandre Jablonski, a Polish physicist, proposed in 1935 a diagram to explain the mechanism of fluorescence. (ibs.fr)

FACS profiles and bar graphs showing median fluorescence intensity are shown for each stain. (elifesciences.org)
The relative emission intensity of the 360 nm band (of the denatured form) was compared to that of the 320 nm band (of the native protein) and monitored as a function of denaturant concentration. (molvis.org)
In this case, they were designed to bind to the desired protein, establishing a connection between fluorescence intensity and target protein production. (titech.ac.jp)
The triple mutant, E73G/E75G/D77G, results in fluorescence intensity and CD(222 nm) close to those of the denatured state and in a thermal stability loss of 65% relative to the WT protein. (protabank.org)

how is it that GroEL is able to accelerate the rate of folding of certain proteins, and how do the conformational properties of the substrate change as it undergoes repeated cycling. (uni-muenchen.de)
With Sp-FRET coupled to PIE (Pulsed Interleaved Excitation), we have been able to explore the heterogeneity of the GroEL bound substrate protein and observed a bimodal conformational distribution. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conformational Analysis of Mutant Proteins as a Tool for Classification of Myopathies. (ox.ac.uk)
Comparison between the typical conformational changes in mutant proteins associated with different myopathies observed with α-, β-, and γ-tropomyosins demonstrated the possibility of using such changes as tests for identifying the diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
Such buried ionizable groups destabilize the protein and may trigger conformational changes in response to pH variations. (lu.se)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a popular analytical tool for detecting and quantifying the presence of proteins or small molecules. (copgfp.com)
This assay was compared with LC-MS/MS, and the results indicated the reliability of Nb-AP fusion protein-based dc-FEIA for monitoring OTA contamination in cereal. (cdc.gov)

Loss of vacuole function triggers mitochondrial protein degradation. (elifesciences.org)
Molecular chaperones are involved in a broad range of different processes, like protein folding, trafficking or degradation. (uni-muenchen.de)
Among them, inducing mutp53 degradation is the most straightforward strategy for disease treatment in eukaryotes, but proteasomes do not efficiently degrade certain large proteins or aggregates due to the inability of these factors to enter the narrow cavity of the proteasome 16 . (researchsquare.com)

Phi-Yellow proteins have excitation/emission maxima at 525 and 537 nm, respectively. (evrogen.com)
The protein concentrations used were 10 μM (0.2 mg/ml) in MOPS buffer, pH 7.3, cell path length 2 mm, and spectra were recorded at room temperature, using an excitation wavelength of 295 nm, with 2.5 nm slits. (molvis.org)

For this we chose the maltose binding protein. (igem.org)
By using ensemble FRET and Sp-FRET (Single Pair-Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer), we have probed the conformation of the model substrate DM-MBP (Double Mutant Maltose Binding Protein) during different stages of the functional cycle of GroEL. (uni-muenchen.de)

Mitochondrial proteins are degraded by autophagy in aged cells. (elifesciences.org)

Glycan array analysis of influenza A virus mutant H5 proteins. (cdc.gov)

However, the double mutant exhibited severe defects in growth and development, which affected almost all organs. (uni-muenchen.de)
In the present study, we have cloned and overexpressed the human NDUFS3 subunit and its double mutant in a soluble form in Escherichia coli. (sciencecentral.in)
The VHH (variable domain of heavy chain antibody) gene of Nb28 was subcloned into the expression vector pecan45 containing the AP double-mutant gene. (cdc.gov)

Biochemical fractionation showed that IglA is a soluble cytoplasmic protein and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that it interacts with the downstream-encoded IglB. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of this study demonstrate that IglA and IglB are interacting cytoplasmic proteins that are required for intramacrophage growth. (biomedcentral.com)
A decrease in GFP fluorescence associated with the nuclear envelope was observed along with an increase in the diffuse, cytoplasmic signal with GFP foci. (tamu.edu)

The biological research community was quick to recognize the unique value of a genetically encoded fluorophore as a marker of gene expression and protein localization, armed with the arsenal of potent molecular biology techniques developed over the previous two decades. (eresearchco.com)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene deletion and protein expression and clinical features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to evaluate the predictive value of these two characteristics in the prognosis of ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor protein 53 ( TP53 ) is a recognized tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17q13.1. (spandidos-publications.com)

We found that the FERM domain in the tail region, which is known to bind to lipids as well as other proteins, is essential for both nuclear and chloroplast positioning, whereas the proximal MyTH4 domain plays a supporting role in chloroplast transport. (go.jp)
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) requires the NEMO protein. (medscape.com)

We used the method for the investigation of the folding dynamics of proteins, and revealed the unexpected heterogeneity in the unfolded state of BdpA and ubiquitin. (nii.ac.jp)
In addition, we constructed a fluorescence microscope that can image the sliding of a tumor suppressor p53 along the stretched DNA, and revealed its target search dynamics. (nii.ac.jp)
In addition, investigations of the dynamics of proteins in the environment mimicking nucleus might become possible. (nii.ac.jp)

Unique properties, such as red-shifted emission above 600 nm or photo conversions from a greenemitting state to a red-emitting state, can be displayed by fluorescent proteins with other chromophores, such as UnaG with bilirubin. (eresearchco.com)
This state is typically short-lived (a few nanoseconds), and rapidly decays back to the ground state, either through the emission of a photon (fluorescence), or by non-radiative relaxation. (ibs.fr)

We combine structure-based protein engineering and molecular genetics to restrict the activity of the potentially toxic endonuclease to spermatogenesis. (nature.com)
Therefore, specific localization patterns of GEFs and GTPase-activating proteins, and a molecular network of their regulation underlie the spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPases activities in the cells. (life-science-alliance.org)
One of the most interesting features of the GFP chromophore is that it does not require a catalytic system to be formed, but is autocatalytically assembled after protein production, requiring only molecular oxygen as a cofactor for its full maturation. (ibs.fr)

The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) is defined as the probability of emitting a fluorescence photon upon absorption of a photon. (ibs.fr)
For example a quantum yield of 0.77 means that on average for 100 absorbed photons, 77 fluorescence photons are emitted. (ibs.fr)

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides unique insight into biomacromolecular complexes by combining solvent contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange) with either natural contrast between different classes of biomolecules (proteins, RNA/DNA, lipids/detergents) and/or by applying artificial contrast, i.e. deuteration of specific biomolecules. (lu.se)

Mammalian cells transiently transfected with PhiYFP and PhiYFP-m expression vectors produce bright fluorescence in 10-12 hours after transfection. (evrogen.com)
Suitability of Phi-Yellow proteins to generate stably transfected cells has been proven by Marinpharm company. (evrogen.com)
Mutant V.24.1, a member of the End4 complementation group of temperature-sensitive CHO cells, is defective in secretion at the restrictive temperature (Wang, R.-H., P. A. Colbaugh, C.-Y. Kao, E. A. Rutledge, and R. K. Draper. (rupress.org)
RS1 is expressed and assembled in photoreceptors of the outer retina and bipolar cells of the inner retina as a disulfide-linked oligomeric protein complex. (nih.gov)
The secreted complex associates with the surface of these cells, where it may function as a cell adhesion protein to maintain the integrity of the central and peripheral retina. (nih.gov)
Culturing the expressing cells at reduced temperatures or in the presence of chemical agents directed at ameliorating protein misfolding resulted in partial rescue of trafficking defects observed for M105T and C204Y mutants. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)

The pH stability of the w-t and mutant proteins varied at extreme acidic pH and the molten globule like structure of w-t at pH1 was absent in case of the mutant protein. (sciencecentral.in)

It interacts with the genetic material, with the envelope proteins and with the lipid bilayer of the envelope. (hu-berlin.de)

In the course of this module, we will consider the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches to protein design, and the types of scientific investigations and applications enabled by fluorescently tagged biological molecules. (openwetware.org)
By introducing genetic modifications into these organisms, we can use them as biological factories to produce large quantities of the desired protein. (titech.ac.jp)
Protein-protein interactions are crucial in numerous cellular functions and biological processes that take place inside our body. (lu.se)

The NEMO protein is required for the activation of the kinase complex. (medscape.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms17

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Microscopy16

Endoplasmic reticulum5

Spectroscopy5

Bimolecular fluorescence co2

Intracellular8

Residues10

Mutation5

Secretory3

Fluorescent protein18

Kinetics1

Polypeptide2

Amino6

Membrane12

Peptides1

Subcellular localization1

Wild-type17

Receptors1

Single molecule2

Bacterial6

Detection4

Situ3

Encodes2

Macrophages1

Cell Biology1

Mice1

Homologous1

Aggregation6

Yeast3

Accumulation1

Missense1

Cytoplasm1

Structural1

Strains6

Green fluorescent3

Mechanism4

Intensity4

Conformational5

Assay2

Degradation3

Excitation2

Maltose binding2

Autophagy1

Influenza1

Double mutant3

Cytoplasmic3

Gene expression1

TP532

Nuclear2

Dynamics3

Emission2

Molecular3

Quantum2

Lipids1

Cells7

Acidic1

Lipid1

Biological3

Kinase1