AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth CareGeographicals
FasciolaFasciola hepaticaFascioliasisTrematode InfectionsOpisthorchisTrematodaAntibodies, HelminthOpisthorchiasisAntigens, HelminthDicrocoeliumHelminth ProteinsAnthelminticsHeterophyidaeDNA, HelminthLymnaeaEchinostomaEchinostomiasisMetacercariaeClonorchiasisAntiplatyhelmintic AgentsAspermiaSnailsSchistosoma mansoniParamphistomatidaeParasite Egg CountCathepsin LParagonimusSheep DiseasesParasitologyHost-Parasite InteractionsParagonimiasisCathepsinsTetraoxanesBenzimidazolesMolluscacidesHelminthsDNA, Ribosomal SpacerFood ParasitologyLife Cycle StagesNasturtiumGeographic MappingDisease VectorsHelminthiasis, AnimalFecesParagonimus westermaniLaosClonorchis sinensisLung Diseases, ParasiticSheepSchistosoma japonicumSchistosomatidaeSaposinsCubaIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticPraziquantel
HepaticaGiganticaTrematodesClonorchisFascioliasisInfectionInfectionsFlatwormsInfectSheepCattleDiseasesEggsLarvaeMature into adult flukesSpeciesTriclabendazoleParasiteBileStagesAdult flukeHelminthsFasciolosisPathogensWormsImmature flukesSnailsHumansIntestinalDiagnosisGlobal parasiticAnti-parasiticIntermediateWatercressSnailBiliaryPrevalenceClorsulonEndemicJuvenileEpidemiologyParasites
Hepatica49
Gigantica9
  • Description of a new trematode worm (Fasciola gigantica). (wikipedia.org)
  • A related parasite, Fasciola gigantica , also can infect people. (cdc.gov)
  • Another species of the liver fluke that may affect human beings is the Fasciola gigantica. (healthcautions.com)
  • It belongs to the family Fasciolidae, which includes another species of liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica. (paraedu.ir)
  • The liver fluke Fasciola gigantica secretes excretory-secretory proteins during infection to mediate its interaction with the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Can Cathepsin L Epitope Be an Effective Vaccine Candidate Against Fasciola gigantica via Bioinformatics? (brieflands.com)
  • Cathepsin L (Cat L) found in the life stages of F. gigantica is associated with the pathology of the fluke. (brieflands.com)
  • Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important parasitic helminths in Asia and Africa, affecting individual and small farming communities. (brieflands.com)
  • Another lecture, on Flukes, addressed how the "Silk Road" plays an important role for spreading Flukes (Fasciola gigantica) from the Middle East to the Far East. (preventionandhealing.com)
Trematodes4
  • Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Trematodes and cestodes are parasitic. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Introduction to Trematodes (Flukes) Flukes are parasitic flatworms that infect the blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or liver. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Liver fluke infection or distomatosis is a parasitic disease in ruminants that is caused by trematodes or flatworms. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
Clonorchis5
  • Clonorchis , Fasciola spp. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two families of liver flukes that cause disease in humans: Opisthorchiidae (which includes species of Clonorchis and Opisthorchis ) and Fasciolidae (which includes species of Fasciola ). (cdc.gov)
  • Clonorchis is a liver fluke parasite that humans can get by eating raw or undercooked fish, crabs, or crayfish from areas where the parasite is found. (cdc.gov)
  • Found across parts of Asia, Clonorchis is also known as the Chinese or oriental liver fluke. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, we conducted a large-scale investigation of TIMP proteins of a range of neglected human parasites including the hookworm Necator americanus , the roundworm Ascaris suum , the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini , as well as the schistosome blood flukes. (biomedcentral.com)
Fascioliasis7
Infection17
  • Heterophyes heterophyes , Metagonimus yokogawai , and Gymnophalloides species are less-common causes of human intestinal fluke infection. (medscape.com)
  • These two families of liver flukes differ in their geographic distribution, life cycle, and long-term outcome after clinical infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Fasciola infection is both treatable and preventable. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • An important aspect about type 2 cell-mediated responses against parasitic helminths is that they are induced for controlling parasite infection but they also mediate the tolerance of parasite persistence [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In acute infection, the immature flukes migrate via the intestinal wall, liver capsule, peritoneal cavity, as well as the liver's parenchyma. (healthcautions.com)
  • The morphology of the adult worms, the eggs, and the larval stages can be used to diagnose the infection and differentiate it from other liver flukes. (paraedu.ir)
  • Jaundice may occur from either the flukes plugging up the bile ducts or from stones or cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) which results after a prolonged chronic infection. (acsh.org)
  • Chronic inflammation from a parasitic infection is a known cause of CCC. (acsh.org)
  • By far, the greatest impact is on residents of resource-limited tropical areas with poor sanitation, but parasitic infections are encountered in resource-rich countries with adequate sanitation systems among immigrants and travelers returning from endemic regions and, on occasion, even among residents who have not traveled, particularly those with HIV infection or other conditions that cause immunodeficiency. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In addition, a liver fluke infection can amplify or reduce the effect of other pathogens or interfere with their diagnosis (see further in this text). (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • In addition, the changing weather conditions also mean that the period in which infection with liver fluke can occur starts earlier on in the pasture season. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • A study performed in Denmark revealed that heifers and non-lactating cows that graze in wet pastures form significant risk factors for persistence of a liver fluke infection at a dairy farm. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • Doctors diagnose the infection when they see fluke eggs in a person's stool or in the contents of the intestine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • whereas liver fluke infection appears to be the major risk factor for CCA in Asian countries. (keyopinionleaders.com)
  • Liver fluke infection can also precipitate other serious diseases such as "black disease", a clostridial infection which results in sudden death, or it can be associated with outbreaks of Salmonella . (veterinary-practice.com)
Infections18
  • Multiple nonparasitic risk factors for CCA exist, however, and liver fluke infections are very rarely associated with cases of CCA in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Poor sanitation contributes to the occurrence of parasitic (helminthic) infections. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Parasitic infections due to protozoa and helminths are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Many intestinal parasitic infections are spread through fecal contamination of food or water. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Tapeworm Infections Tapeworms (cestodes) are flat, parasitic worms. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The antibiotic milbemycin has been used for decades to treat parasitic infections such as heartworm disease and echinococcosis. (fenbenmed.com)
  • Liver fluke infections used to occur only in countries further to the south, but in recent years we have seen increasing numbers of liver fluke infestations in our countries too. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • For example, resistance to triclabendazole can result in a steady spread of liver fluke infections. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • Certain species of flukes cause infections of the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Liver fluke infections occur in Europe, Africa, eastern and central Asia, and South America but are rare in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Parasitic Infections A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and benefits (for example, by getting nutrients) from the host at the host's expense. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Effect Of Gastrointestinal Nematode And Liver Fluke Infections On Weight Gain And. (keyopinionleaders.com)
  • Its life cycle was discovered in the late 1800s and since that time it has become one of the most studied parasitic infections in the world. (veterinary-practice.com)
  • However, parasitic infections are very common and most of the time, these infections go unnoticed. (sandracabot.com)
  • Parasitic infections must always be taken seriously. (sandracabot.com)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • certain localized infections Note: Categories for "late effects" of infectious and parasitic diseases are to be found at 137. (cdc.gov)
  • This study assessed the utility of nUPDx for the detection of parasitic infections in animals using blood, tissues, and other biological sample types from mammals, birds, and reptiles, known to be infected with helminth, apicomplexan, or pentastomid parasites (confirmed by microscopy or PCR), as well as negative samples. (cdc.gov)
Flatworms2
Infect5
  • Liver flukes are parasites that can infect humans and cause liver and bile duct disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Liver flukes infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Parasitic helminths infect the majority of vertebrates [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It may also infect cattle, this is popular as the sheep liver fluke. (healthcautions.com)
  • There are other types of flukes that can infect other parts of the body such as the blood, pancreas, intestines, lung, and even the eye. (acsh.org)
Sheep1
  • That's how researchers who study this tiny parasitic flatworm often describe the first stage of its complicated life cycle, one that exploits ants, grazing animals such as cows, deer and sheep, and snails to secure its next generation. (netmiko.com)
Cattle13
  • Fasciolosis is among important parasitic diseases in tropical and subtropical countries which limit productivity of ruminants in particular cattle. (ispub.com)
  • Animec Super is indicated for the treatment of stomach worm, gut worm, lungworm, lice, mites, eye worms and adult liver fluke in cattle For the treatment and control of the following parasites: Gastrointestinal Roundworms (adult and fourth-stage larvae): Ostertagia spp. (agrihealth.ie)
  • Closamectin Pour on contains ivermectin and closantel and provides broad spectrum efficacy against liver fluke, gastrointestinal worms, lungworm, and biting and sucking lice in cattle. (glynns.ie)
  • Closamectin Pour-on for cattle is a ready to use pour-on solution that is used in the treatment and control of mixed trematode (fluke) and nematode or arthropod infestations due to roundworms, lungworms, eye worms, warbles, mites, and lice. (glynns.ie)
  • For the treatment of mixed trematode (fluke) and nematode or arthropod infestations due to roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, warbles, mites and lice of cattle. (glynns.ie)
  • Eyeworms (adult): Thelazia spp, Cattle grubs (parasitic stages): Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum. (glynns.ie)
  • It is recommended that treating beef cattle at least twice a year is the most effective way of controlling the fluke problem on your farm. (glynns.ie)
  • This treatment will kill fluke that has been picked up by cattle as soon as they were turned out. (glynns.ie)
  • don't you also want to treat your dairy cattle against liver fluke during lactation and the entire non-lactating period? (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • Death caused by liver fluke is almost unheard of in cattle. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • The adult liver fluke lays eggs in the liver, which are excreted together with the bile in cattle dung. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • In cattle, the life span of a liver fluke varies from 6 months to two years. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • Egg-laying adult liver fluke develop 10 to 12 weeks after ingestion of the metacercariae and fasciolosis is then seen in cattle from mid-winter onwards, although increasingly it is being diagnosed during the grazing season. (veterinary-practice.com)
Diseases7
  • Image reproduced from the Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. (medscape.com)
  • on liver fluke prevalence on Irish dairy farms and to document the current control measures against parasitic diseases. (keyopinionleaders.com)
  • The first lecture was "Conquering Parasitic Diseases: the Time has Come" by Sir Gustav Nossal from Australia. (preventionandhealing.com)
  • It also addressed specific parasitic problems including a heavy emphasis on malaria, flukes, ectoparasites, and other neglected parasitic diseases. (preventionandhealing.com)
  • Currently, knowledge of helminth TIMPs is limited to a small number of studies on canine hookworms, whereas no information is available on the occurrence of TIMPs in other parasitic helminths causing neglected diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, inadequate morphology experience may lead to missed and inaccurate diagnoses and erroneous descriptions of new human parasitic diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • We proposed that light microscopy remains an important part of training and practice in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases and that efforts should be made to train the next generation of morphological parasitologists before the requisite knowledge, skills, and capacity for this complex and important mode of diagnosis are lost. (cdc.gov)
Eggs10
  • The young worms move through the intestinal wall, the abdominal cavity, and the liver tissue, into the bile ducts, where they develop into mature adult flukes that produce eggs. (cdc.gov)
  • postmortem examinations, haematological tests and examination of faeces for fluke eggs are useful. (ispub.com)
  • From there, they migrate through the liver parenchyma into the bile ducts, where they mature into adult flukes and produce eggs. (paraedu.ir)
  • An adult liver fluke can produce 4,000 to 7,000 eggs per day. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • The dung (rectal sample) is examined under a microscope for the presence of liver fluke eggs. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • After ingestion of a metacercaria, it takes on average 10 to 12 weeks for the liver fluke to mature and start excreting eggs. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • The detection of liver fluke eggs in the dung provides information about the infestation in the group. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
  • There, they develop into adult flukes, which produce eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Identification of intermediate hosts, intramolluscan stages, adult flukes and eggs was performed by sequencing the ITS2 region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased rainfall improves the snail's habitat (Figure 1), the development of the fluke eggs and the intermediate life cycle within the snail. (veterinary-practice.com)
Larvae1
  • People are infected when they swallow cysts containing fluke larvae in raw, undercooked, dried, salt-cured, or pickled freshwater fish or on contaminated watercress. (msdmanuals.com)
Mature into adult flukes1
  • When these cysts are ingested along with the aquatic plants by a mammalian host, they mature into adult flukes and migrate to the bile ducts. (wikipedia.org)
Species2
Triclabendazole1
  • Depending on the type of fluke, drugs such as praziquantel , albendazole , or triclabendazole can eliminate them. (msdmanuals.com)
Parasite3
  • The lancet liver fluke is the poster child of parasite manipulation of host behavior," said Brian Lund Fredensborg, a parasite ecologist and associate professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, who with former graduate student Simone Nordstrand Gasque, recently published a study on the role of environmental factors in switching the ants' zombielike behavior back to normal. (netmiko.com)
  • In parasitic helminths, such as hookworms, TIMPs have been proposed to play key roles in the host-parasite interplay, including invasion of and establishment in the vertebrate animal hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A detailed understanding of the molecular biology of parasitic helminths, and in particular of the structure and function of key genes and gene products playing essential roles in host-parasite interactions, could provide a basis for the design of novel therapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)
Bile3
  • The flukes enter the bile ducts within the liver and gallbladder and can reside there for 20-30 years. (acsh.org)
  • The presence of flukes causes chronic inflammation of the bile ducts that can result in scarring and enlargement of the ducts. (acsh.org)
  • These flukes drill their way through the intestinal wall and migrate through the abdominal cavity towards the liver and bile ducts. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
Stages4
  • Warbles (parasitic stages): Hypoderma bovis, H. lineatum. (agrihealth.ie)
  • Targeting multiple parasitic stages with a single drug has led to the repositioning of antiparasitic drugs as novel agents against cancer. (fenbenmed.com)
  • Juvenile stages of Fasciola migrate through the circulatory system to the liver and mature into adults in the biliary ducts. (brieflands.com)
  • Cathepsin L (Cat L) enzyme, found in all stages of the liver flukes, plays a significant role in the biological functions of the parasites, such as migration, nutrition, and immune evasion ( 2 ). (brieflands.com)
Adult fluke2
  • Adult fluke of Fasciolopsis buski. (medscape.com)
  • The localization of CaBP4 within adult fluke structure was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Helminths3
  • Although parasitic helminths are near to absent in northwestern countries in humans, they are still responsible for infecting more than a quarter of the human population, essentially afflicting people who live in areas of poverty in the developing world [ 2 ], and they are also heavily present in domestic animals of veterinary importance [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A total of 15 protein sequences with high homology to known eukaryotic TIMPs were predicted from the complement of sequence data available for parasitic helminths and subjected to in-depth bioinformatic analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms linked to the development of drug resistance in parasitic helminths [ 16 ], as well as the unavailability of effective vaccines, much attention is now directed towards the identification of novel targets for intervention [ 7 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fasciolosis1
  • Today, anti-parasitic drugs against fasciolosis are less effective due to the emergence of drug resistance. (brieflands.com)
Pathogens1
  • The new study is the first large-scale assessment of how climate affects bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens that can cause disease in humans or animals in Europe. (genengnews.com)
Worms2
  • Closamectin Pour-on uses a unique mixture of ivermectin (for the treatment of lice, worms and ticks) and closantel (for the treatment of liver fluke and gastrointestinal roundworm). (glynns.ie)
  • This condition is mainly caused by fluke worms living in the liver. (healthcautions.com)
Immature flukes2
  • Infected snails release immature flukes that can swim (called cercariae). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infected snails release immature flukes (cercariae), which form cysts on watercress and other water plants. (msdmanuals.com)
Snails3
Humans3
  • Intestinal flukes have likely infected humans for hundreds of years, if not longer. (medscape.com)
  • Although the study in the journal Behavioral Ecology is not directly applicable to humans, parasites generally exact a huge disease burden globally, and growing insights about parasitic behavior could increase scientists' knowledge about their level of sophistication, especially when it comes to interacting with their hosts. (netmiko.com)
  • The lancet liver fluke rarely infects humans , and it does not affect the human brain, he added. (netmiko.com)
Intestinal1
  • Intestinal flukes cause inflammation, ulceration, and mucous secretion at the site of attachment. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
Global parasitic1
  • Widespread implementation of rapid antigen detection tests has greatly expanded access to tests for global parasitic threats such as malaria, while next-generation amplification and sequencing methods allow for sensitive and specific detection of human and animal parasites in complex specimen matrices. (cdc.gov)
Anti-parasitic1
  • Physico-chemical study and anti-parasitic properties of aqueous Cissus ruspolii and Adenia sp. (sruc.ac.uk)
Intermediate1
  • The liver fluke has an indirect cycle, in which the pond snail Galba truncatula plays an important role as intermediate host. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
Watercress2
  • This is of particular concern in areas where animal waste is used as fertilizer for the cultivation of watercress, as the full life cycle of Fasciola can sustained while contaminating crops intended for human consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flukes are ingested with water plants such as watercress. (cliffsnotes.com)
Snail1
  • The presence of this pond snail is vital to completing the life cycle of the liver fluke. (dopharmaforturkeys.com)
Biliary2
  • In severe cases of biliary tract obstruction, surgery is an option to remove adult flukes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liver Fluke-Associated Biliary Tract Cancer. (keyopinionleaders.com)
Prevalence1
Clorsulon2
  • Clorsulon inhibits the enzymes implicated in the glycolytic pathway, the primary source of energy in flukes. (shreejipharma.net)
  • Clorsulon is a substance belonging to the benzene sulphonamide family which is used for the treatment and control of adult flukes. (shreejipharma.net)
Endemic1
  • Travelers to liver fluke-endemic areas can become infected by ingesting contaminated foods. (cdc.gov)
Juvenile1
Epidemiology1
Parasites1
  • The lancet liver fluke and other parasites are organisms that live on - or in - host organisms and depend on their hosts for sustenance. (netmiko.com)