• The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
  • In vitro assays for measuring the cytotoxic capacity of immune cells have been a staple in laboratories for many years. (jove.com)
  • These in vitro assays involve the mixing of different cell populations, as well as using a relatively low number of both effector and target cells. (jove.com)
  • As with any assay examining the function of immune cells in vitro , there are a number of important considerations to consider improving the performance of the experiment. (jove.com)
  • In vitro organoid analysis of RankL treated organoid showed an increase of mature marker GP2 expression and other M cell-associated markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • X. Fang , Jiang, C. , and Xia, Q. , " Effectiveness evaluation of dendritic cell immunotherapy for osteosarcoma on survival rate and in vitro immune response " , vol. 14, pp. 11763-11770, 2015. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We cocultured cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells with dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and investigated their proliferation, immunophenotype changes, secretory cytokine levels, and their antitumor effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. (geneticsmr.com)
  • OP9 cells could increase the potential of expanding mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and help with the understanding of biological features of MSCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • This in turn causes the proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro, which can act against malignant tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: We reveal that low dose of arsenic induced cell proliferation is through Aurora-A overexpression, which is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 both in vitro and in vivo. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Three candidate lines were taken forward and assessed in multiple in vitro bioassays that examined the hMSC immunosuppressive response to a defined inflammatory environment, effect on T-cell proliferation, and effect on a mixed lymphocyte population. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Cellular immunity was determined simultaneously by lymphocyte proliferation (CFSE) and cytokine production (ICS)) multi-parameter flow cytometry assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated individuals stimulated in vitro with DC electroporated with either all 4 or the individual HIV RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the authors have found that AM from young children are less suppressive for T-lymphocyte proliferation using in vitro functional assays 2 , but the developmental changes of relevant immune receptors could not be identified because of the limited numbers of cells recovered. (ersjournals.com)
  • We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
  • Here we sought to further understand the effects of idelalisib and duvelisib in vitro, and demonstrate that both idelalisib and duvelisib can inhibit T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Treg differentiation in vitro, while promoting Th2 and Th17 differentiation. (nature.com)
  • In vitro, CD4 + T cells from CMV-positive donors (but not CMV-negative donors) are readily activated by CMV-infected allogeneic EC, although it is unclear how allogeneic CMV-infected EC activate self-class II MHC-restricted memory CD4 + T cells. (aai.org)
  • Moreover, thrombin-treated MSCs maintained the phenotypic features, in vitro osteogenesis and adipogenesis capacities, and inhibitory activity on Phytohemagglutinin-induced allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the quantity of MSCs is very low in bone marrow (about 0.001 to 0.01% of the mononuclear cells) and in vitro expansion is the prerequisite for their clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of ITM2A inhibited proliferation and impaired cells capacity of invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. (figshare.com)
  • In vitro differentiated and mouse cell sorted Tfh phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR (qPCR). (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, MarinBio specializes in in vitro cell-based assay testing services for clinical and pre-clinical studies, including method development, qualification, validation, transfer, lot-release testing, and potency testing according to guidelines from both FDA and International Council for Harmonization (ICH). (marinbio.com)
  • The anti-tumor effects of this CAR-T cell were finally investigated in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A panel of DAbR1-expressing T cells and CAR T cells exhibited greater than 8-fold increased uptake of 86 Y-AABD in vitro when compared with nontransduced cells. (snmjournals.org)
  • Comparative analysis of lymphocyte activation marker expression and cytokine secretion profile in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures: an in vitro model to monitor cellular immune function. (sanguinebio.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and the level and function of Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and cell proliferation assays. (fluoridealert.org)
  • DCs and CIK cells were acquired from healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultured as an experimental group, while CIK cells were cultured alone as a control group. (geneticsmr.com)
  • DCs were induced from mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin 4 (rhIL-4), followed by sensitization with lysis of autologous liver cancer cells. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a bank of ten donors, labeled with CellTrace Violet (CTV), were co-cultured with MSC at seven different ratios for seven days. (mendeley.com)
  • RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) or mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured with C3G. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have a round nucleus ( Delves, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In a previous posting , I discussed the use of T cell activation markers as a strategy for assessing the function of T cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC ). (sanguinebio.com)
  • We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each of the patients 1 month after they recovered. (cdc.gov)
  • ProGP-4 possesses cross-species activity and treatment of mice with ProGP-4 results in increases in the number of WBC and Class II+/CD11c+ cells in both spleen and peripheral blood. (medscimonit.com)
  • Leukocytes from spleen and peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry to enumerate and characterize changes in DC populations. (medscimonit.com)
  • RESULTS: Administration of this dual receptor agonist to mice resulted in dose-dependent increases in the numbers of total white blood cells and Class II+/CD11c+ cells in spleen and peripheral blood. (medscimonit.com)
  • 1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
  • C3G also significantly increased the level of interleukin (IL)-10 and the regulatory T (Treg) cell proportion, and it decreased the interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels and CD38+ NK cell proportion in rat peripheral blood and synovial fluid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further demonstrate directly using intracellular flow cytometry that autoimmune toxicity in patients is associated with higher absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells with Th17 differentiation in peripheral blood prior to therapy, and that gastrointestinal tissues from patients with active autoimmune complications of PI3Kδ inhibitors show infiltration with Th17 + T cells. (nature.com)
  • The aim of our research was to determine how immunotherapy changes the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in dog peripheral blood and the levels of cytokines secreted by these cells during therapy. (mdpi.com)
  • Human peripheral blood CD3 + T lymphocytes were isolated using Human T-cell Isolation kit (Miltenyi, DEU). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of the kinetics of surface molecule expression after polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. (sanguinebio.com)
  • CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. (who.int)
  • The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was used to evaluate the function of DCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Due to the rarity of these cells in the intestine, their development and differentiation remain yet to be fully understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • The OP9 cell line was deposited by T. Nakano with his development of a co-culture system to cause ESC differentiation into several lineages of blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differentiation assays are used to identify MSCs, and the mesenchymal potential of OP9 cells was confirmed through their ability differentiate when cultured in an adipogenic medium. (wikipedia.org)
  • This contributes to the understanding of the differentiation of hematopoietic cells from MSCs, including B cell lineages, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and megakaryocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • OP9 cells have been shown to facilitate the differentiation of MSCs into osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, tenocytes and adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • IOP9 is an immortalized feeder cell line established from the genes HPV16 E6 and E7 genes that stimulates hematopoietic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mRNA expression of adipsin and PPARy2 in OP9 cells confirm their adipocyte differentiation potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rate of OP9 differentiation is not reduced by high cell density or long periods in an initial culture, making them useful in generating stable adipocyte cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuous ligation of LILRB1 modulated cellular differentiation, conferred a unique phenotype upon the resultant cells, induced a profound resistance to CD95-mediated cell death, and inhibited secretion of cytokines IL-10, IL-12p70, and TGF-β. (ashpublications.org)
  • 1 Activation of DCs through toll-like receptors (TLRs) for "infectious nonself" or other "danger" signals normally initiates a process of cellular differentiation resulting in "mature" DCs capable of stimulating T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • IL2 plays an important role as a growth factor, differentiation factor, and regulator of cell death. (thermofisher.com)
  • This study also demonstrates that the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation in MNCs by CD38+ NK cells is a potential cause of the immune imbalance in RA and CIA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may regulate the migration and recruitment of dentritic and T cells during inflammatory and immunological responses. (cancerindex.org)
  • IL-10 has also been shown to costimulate the development of thymocytes, B cell differentiation and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The receptors of Notch family play an important role in controlling the development, differentiation, and function of multiple cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway that controls the differentiation, development and function of multiple cell types, such as stem cells [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
  • Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Xanthiazone (CTLA-4) also called CD152 can be an essential co-stimulatory molecule which acts as a poor regulator for T cell proliferation and differentiation. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Despite lower co-stimulatory molecule expression, ProGP-4-generated Class II+/CD11c+ cells stimulated proliferation of allogeneic T cells and an antigen-specific T cell hybridoma as efficiently as bone marrow derived dendritic cells from untreated mice. (medscimonit.com)
  • Additionally, the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) revealed that OP9 cells can suppress T lymphocyte proliferation when stimulated by mitogens or allogeneic lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
  • In this study, we confirm that purified CD4 + T cells from CMV + donors are activated by allogeneic CMV-infected EC, but find that the response is dependent upon copurified APC expressing class II MHC that are autologous to the T cells. (aai.org)
  • 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N -succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is an amine reactive fluorescent probe used to stain cells, especially immune cells, for analysis in applications such as flow cytometry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • One of the main functions of the cells of the immune system is to remove target cells that have been infected with viruses or have undergone transformation into a tumor cell. (jove.com)
  • These assays have been used to determine the ability of T cells, NK cells, or any other immune cell to kill target cells in an antigen-specific or -nonspecific manner. (jove.com)
  • With the explosion in tumor immunotherapy research in recent years, there is growing interest in finding agents to increase the cytotoxic activity of immune cells to improve patient outcomes. (jove.com)
  • Conversely, some diseases are hallmarked by the overexuberant activity of immune cell cytotoxic activity, resulting in efforts to identify agents to temper these responses. (jove.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of cryptotanshinone (CPT), naringenin, and their combination in modulating the immune response towards Th1 cells and the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in these effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunotherapy engages the immune system in the battle against cancer by taking advantage of the capacity of the T lymphocyte for antigen-directed cytotoxicity [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify C5aR- and lysozyme-expressing dendritic cells (C5aR+ LysoDCs) in PP and examine their role in CD8+ T cell immune induction. (bvsalud.org)
  • T regulatory (Treg) cells play an important role in the modulation of the immune response, and are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The aim of this work was to assess the possible effect of F exposure on different immune parameters, mainly Treg cells. (fluoridealert.org)
  • and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • There are a variety of assays available to test immune function in the dog. (dvm360.com)
  • Human peritoneal mesothelial cells equipped with phagocytic and antigen-presenting machinery are anticipated to have an integral role in intraperitoneal immune surveillance. (bmj.com)
  • Tumor microenvironment represents a key component of the tumor ecosystem the complexity of which has to be accurately understood to define selective targeting opportunities, including immune-based therapies.MethodsWe combined various approaches including single-cell transcriptomics to dissect the tumor microenvironment of both a transgenic mouse neuroblastoma model and a cohort of 10 biopsies from neuroblastoma patients, either at diagnosis or at relapse. (curie.fr)
  • Features of related cells were validated by multicolor flow cytometry and functional assays.ResultsWe show that the immune microenvironment of MYCN-driven mouse neuroblastoma is characterized by a low content of T cells, several phenotypes of macrophages and a population of cells expressing signatures of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are molecularly distinct from the various macrophage subsets. (curie.fr)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) play pivotal roles in the initiation, regulation, and maintenance of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Recent studies have suggested a role for human leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs, also known as ILT, LIR, or CD85) in regulating the function of myeloid cells, potentially implicating these molecules in the control of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) generates quantitative information on immune receptor expression from cells cytocentrifuged onto a microscope slide. (ersjournals.com)
  • In children, the description of developmental changes in immune receptor expression on alveolar macrophages (AM) has been limited by the small number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). (ersjournals.com)
  • It is concluded that laser scanning cytometry is suited to the study of immune receptor expression from small numbers of paediatric alveolar macrophages, when CD68 is used for cell identification. (ersjournals.com)
  • The measurement of developmental changes in alveolar macrophage (AM) immune receptor expression using flow cytometry (FC) in children is limited by several factors. (ersjournals.com)
  • Using FC, fluorescent antibodies have attached to immune receptors on cells which are then identified as AM by their characteristic autofluorescence, light scatter properties ( e.g. forward scatter) or a combination of both 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • To obtain immune receptor data from the cell surface and cytoplasm after nuclear capture, a "contour" is generated at a fixed distance from the nuclear perimeter. (ersjournals.com)
  • The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Notch1 signaling upon immune suppression induced by melanoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CMV infects endothelial cells (EC) and it is thought that CMV-specific host immune responses to infected allograft EC contribute to rejection. (aai.org)
  • In otherwise healthy CMV-infected individuals, CMV persists in a state of clinical latency, its replication and pathogenesis kept in check by the host adaptive immune response involving both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells ( 2 , 3 ). (aai.org)
  • The involvement of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines was evaluated, using depleting antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • In human, the impact of immune cells and chemokines on survival was evaluated by analyzing transcriptomic data from public databases and from our own patient cohorts. (nih.gov)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma and results in a unique toxicity profile, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to determine the immune regulatory function of immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • CTLA-4 depletes CD80 and CD86 ligands of neighboring APCs through trans-endocytosis to impair the CD28-CD80/CD86 stimulation so as to down regulate the T-cell immune response (Qureshi et al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate whether DAbR1 can be expressed on lymphocytes and used as a reporter gene as well as a suicide gene for therapy of immune-related adverse effects. (snmjournals.org)
  • TIGIT is known to exert immune suppressive functions, such as inhibiting T cell activation, proliferation, and functions that inhibit inflammation and anti-tumor responses. (cdc.gov)
  • It labels cells by covalently binding to intracellular molecules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Binding of 17A2 to CD3 initiates the intracellular biochemical pathway resulting in cellular activation and proliferation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) consist of the antigen-recognition portion of a monoclonal antibody fused to an intracellular signaling domain capable of activating T-cells. (escholarship.org)
  • CARs displayed on the surface of transduced cells perform non-MHC-restricted antigen recognition and activating intracellular signaling pathways for induction of target cytolysis, cytokine secretion and proliferation. (escholarship.org)
  • ELISA assays using several different monoclonal antibodies to CD19 demonstrated dose-related specific binding by the fusion molecule CD19sIg1-4, but no binding by CD19sIg1-3. (escholarship.org)
  • 4 ]. A relationship between activated or lymphocytes and enzyme-linked immuno- memory-effector lymphocyte populations sorbent assay (ELISA) for CD117. (who.int)
  • Finally, data analysis is dependent on the inclusion of positive and negative control target cell populations. (jove.com)
  • Spleens from ProGP treated mice were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and enriched CD11c+ populations were functionally assessed in a mixed lymphocyte assay and in an antigen dependent CTL assay. (medscimonit.com)
  • Our data unravel a complex content in myeloid cells in patient tumors and further document a striking correspondence of the microenvironment populations between both mouse and human tumors. (curie.fr)
  • Preliminary results of these roll-over subjects indicate an increase in HIV-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte polyfunctional populations following immunotherapy which is accentuated after ART treatment interruption. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory studies show defects in both B- and T-cell populations, with an inability to control infection with Epstein Barr-virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (ferienwohnung-uelsen.de)
  • The JES5-16E3 antibody is useful for flow cytometric analysis to identify and enumerate IL-10 producing cells within mixed cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Herein, we show that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 have distinct roles in the generation of CD8 + T cell effector and memory populations. (jci.org)
  • Selective T cell ablation in vivo with 177 Lu-AABD seems feasible for clustered T-cell populations. (snmjournals.org)
  • suggesting that this substance could influence the response of cancer cells to immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD19 is an attractive target for immunotherapy because of its consistent and specific expression in most of the stages of maturation and malignancies of B-lymphocyte origin, but not on hematopoietic stem cells. (escholarship.org)
  • C3G decreased the proportion of CD38+ cells, RASF proliferation, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and it increased the Treg cell proportion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) and Her2 epitope peptide-sensitized dendritic cells (DCs), when co-cultured with Her2-positive MCF-7 cells. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Mice lacking PI3Kγ show increased CD8 T cell activation and cytotoxicity due to transcriptional activation of NFκB and inhibition of C/EBPβ in macrophages within the microenvironment [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
  • Our cell-based assays are strategically designed based on various factors such as disease states, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. (marinbio.com)
  • CFSE is used to track lymphocyte migration and proliferation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • After the co-culture of B16 cells and CD8 + T cells, the effects of Notch1 on the proliferation and activation of T cells were assessed by CCK8 assay, CFSE dilution and Chromium-release test. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we report morphologic, phenotypic and functional evaluation of Class II+/CD11c+ cells generated by in vivo administration of ProGP-4. (medscimonit.com)
  • Endotoxin level is ≤0.01 EU/µg (≤0.001 ng/µg) of protein as determined by the LAL assay.NA/LE are perfectly suited to be used in culture or in vivo (for nonhuman studies) for functional assays - blocking, neutralizing, activation or depletion - where the presence of azide may damage cells or exogenous endotoxin may signal or activate cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cell-based assays (bioassays) measure functional effects of drugs to establish their biological relevance and physiological importance. (marinbio.com)
  • showed that PBMC T cells from metastatic melanoma patients had reduced CD71 upregulation compared with healthy controls, and this corresponded with multiple other functional defects in T cells from these patients. (sanguinebio.com)
  • C3G also elevated Sirt6 expression to suppress NKG2D expression, increase TNF-α secretion, and decrease IFN-γ secretion in CD38+ NK cells, which stimulates MNCs to differentiate into Treg cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The patient's T cells produced higher levels of cytokines upon stimulation. (cdc.gov)
  • IFNg or TNF), or cytotoxic granules (i.e., perforin/granzyme B) expressed by effector cells are some ways in which target cell death can be induced. (jove.com)
  • Thus, having an assay in which the user can easily integrate any number of different effector cells, target cells, and/or response modifiers into the experimental design can serve as a valuable means of quickly assessing the cytotoxic capacity of effector cells and/or the responsiveness of the target cell. (jove.com)
  • Upon the loss of membrane integrity of the target cells as a result of the cytotoxic activity of the effector cells, the 51 Cr-labelled cellular proteins within the target cells are released into the culture supernatant, becoming available for quantitation. (jove.com)
  • One of the most critical features is to use healthy effector (for maximal cytotoxic activity) and target (for maximal responsiveness and minimal spontaneous death/ 51 Cr release) cells. (jove.com)
  • In C5-deficient mice, oral co-administration of C5a and Listeria enhances Listeria-specific cytotoxic T cell levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • tumor-cytotoxic effects of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were measured by the MTT assay. (geneticsmr.com)
  • X. Y. Cheng and Li, J. L. , " Biological activity of cytotoxic dendritic cells cocultured with cytokine-induced killer cells and their effect on acute leukemia cells " , vol. 14, pp. 13208-13214, 2015. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The ratios of CD3 + CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, CD49b + NK cells, CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs and Gr1 + CD11b + MDSCs in tumor-DLN or spleen were examined by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notch1 expression in B16 melanoma cells inhibited the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells and reduced IFN-γ release in tumor tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tfh produce interleukin-21, which sustains proliferation, viability, cytokine production and cytotoxic functions of exhausted T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Radioactivity - especially, chromium 51 ( 51 Cr) in the form of Na 2 51 CrO 4 - is an inexpensive way to rapidly and nonspecifically label cellular proteins within the target cells (1). (jove.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • With over 27 years of expertise, we deliver highly specialized cellular assays crucial for evaluating drug effects, DNA/RNA interactions, and more. (marinbio.com)
  • Importantly, HPMCs induced autologous CD3 + T-lymphocyte proliferation ( 3 H incorporation) after pulse with recall antigen. (bmj.com)
  • The immunogenicity of an autologous dendritic cell (DC) anti-HIV therapy, AGS-004, was evaluated in a multicenter Phase 2 trial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed an analysis of anti-HIV-specific response by evaluating the proliferation, IFNg production and the functionality in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells stimulated with autologous Gag, Nef, Rev and Vpr. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment selection takes into account patient age, fitness, and whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is planned. (medscape.com)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • Characterization of dendritic cells generated in vivo by an E. coli derived chimeric dual receptor agonist. (medscimonit.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dendritic cell (DC) therapy in osteosarcoma. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We aimed to evaluate dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccines for preventing liver cancer recurrence and metastasis. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Herein, the preparation of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine with radiation-induced apoptotic tumor cells and its immunological effects on bladder cancer in C57BL/6 mice was investigated. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and regulating effector cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • The gene is preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that send signals to the T cells, mainly participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases with immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as AR. (frontiersin.org)
  • The chemokine CCL2, which pared to GPT, the LLNA reduces animal numbers needed, can recruit dendritic cells into the site of inflammation, is improves animal welfare, and decreases experimental time also upregulated in keratinocytes following hapten exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • This study presents the validation of a method, quantifying the ability of MSC to inhibit T cell proliferation according to the ICH Q2 standard. (mendeley.com)
  • The expression of miR-425 was determined in the B lymphocytes of CLL patients and in normal B lymphocytes by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (fatcat.wiki)
  • Immunoblotting, reporter assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to evaluate HIF-1 signaling in glioblastoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • These assays not only measure the quantitative effects of drugs but are also crucial for evaluating DNA/RNA/protein/small molecules/nanoparticles in biology assays . (marinbio.com)
  • A mature M cell expresses a receptor Gp2 which binds to pathogens and aids in the uptake. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3-5 LILRs are encoded by a set of genes within the leukocyte receptor cluster on chromosome 19q13.4, adjacent to the killer Ig-like receptor ( KIR ) genes that are responsible for controlling NK- and CD8 T-cell survival and effector functions. (ashpublications.org)
  • CD25 (IL2 receptor alpha chain/IL2RA) is a cytokine that plays a role in the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • programmed cell death 1 receptor. (nih.gov)
  • In TDM-stimulated MH-S cells, PL significantly influenced the macrophage inducible Ca 2+ -dependent lectin receptor (Mincle)-Syk-ERK signalling pathway. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • As a new promising cancer therapeutic approach, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells represent a potential GC treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a therapeutic strategy for malignant diseases, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have therapeutic potential in antitumor treatment [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T cell activation leads to increased expression of CTLA-4 an inhibitory receptor which binds to CD80 and CD86 on APCs. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • There remains an urgent need for the noninvasive tracking of transfused chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to determine their biodistribution, viability, expansion, and antitumor functionality. (snmjournals.org)
  • Following T cell receptor (TCR) activation, T cells will express a series of activation markers that include chemokine and cytokine receptors , adhesion molecules , co-stimulatory molecules , and MHC-class II proteins . (sanguinebio.com)
  • CD71 (TFRC, Transferrin Receptor, TfR) is a cell surface iron transport receptor that is upregulated in proliferating cells by 24-48 hours following T cell activation and expression continues to rise and is maintained for several days. (sanguinebio.com)
  • CD95 (Fas, APO-1, TNFRSF6) is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is best known for its role in mediating activation-induced cell death in activated T cells following binding to its ligand, CD95L/FasL induced on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (sanguinebio.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Our focus is specialized immunologic assays relevant to immunity and inflammation and not clinical diagnostic assays. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • For each of these there are diagnostic assays that can assist with pin pointing the defect. (dvm360.com)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called multipotent stem cells or mesenchymal stromal cells, are a viable option in cell therapies due to their immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic functions. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, the population of intra-tumor CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells was significantly lower in naringenin + CPT treated animals than that in controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, when multipotent germline stem cells (mGS) are differentiated on OP9 cells, they can produce Flkl1+ cells which then produce hematopoietic progenitors when replated with certain cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, the ratio of G0/G1 cells was significantly increased and the ratio of G2/M cells was significantly decreased in miR-425-overexpressing cells compared with that in control cells. (fatcat.wiki)
  • Additionally, C3G significantly increased RASF apoptosis and decreased RASF proliferation and IL-6 production in the culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, it was found that breast cancer had higher ITM2A expression frequently had more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). (figshare.com)
  • Intestinal microfold cells (M cells) are a dynamic lineage of epithelial cells that initiate mucosal immunity in the intestine. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also found suppression of CD4+CD25+ and stimulation CD4+ CD8+ cells in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and Peyer's patches (PPs) of the treated mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stimulation of C5aR+ LysoDCs by C5a increases reactive oxygen species levels, leading to efficient antigen cross-presentation, which elicits an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response. (bvsalud.org)
  • The stimulation on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression when ITM2A overexpressed was determined by flow cytometry. (figshare.com)
  • CD3/CD28 T-cell activation Dynabeads (Gibco, USA) was used for T cell stimulation in the presence of IL-2 (PeproTech, USA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cells with antigen-specific recognition, activation, and proliferation independent of major histocompatibility complex ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • However, this negative co-stimulatory effect appears to be dose-dependent, as low doses of CD95 agonists had the opposite effect and strongly promoted activation and proliferation of T cells. (sanguinebio.com)
  • The proliferation of spleen cells were assessed by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were performed to determine phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • Marsdenia tenacissimae extraction (MTE) inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human acute T cell leukemia cells through inactivating. (oncotarget.com)
  • In conclusion, miR-425 inhibits the proliferation of MEC-1 cells, potentially by inhibiting BTK/PLCγ2 signalling, and Ki-67 and PCNA expression levels. (fatcat.wiki)
  • Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation was be restored when an anti-B7-H1 monoclonal antibody was used. (korea.ac.kr)
  • If patients have recurrent infections and lymphopenia, lymphocyte phenotyping using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies to T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells is indicated to check for lymphocyte deficiency. (ferienwohnung-uelsen.de)
  • This fusion molecule is a sensitive reagent for detection of anti-CD19 CAR derived from any monoclonal antibody present in CAR-modified T-cells. (escholarship.org)
  • We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. (nature.com)
  • Applications Reported: The BC96 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Reported: This 17A2 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Tested: This 17A2 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of mouse splenocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • We have access to coordinate with the National Jewish Health clinical immunology labs with in-house pricing, providing investigators access to unique immunology and inflammation assays. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • When CIA rats were injected with both C3G and the Sirt6 inhibitor OSS_128167, the rats exhibited joint inflammation and a low Treg cell proportion, but the CD38+ NK proportion was still low. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesize that C5aR+ PP cells play an important role in the induction of antigen-specific T cell immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings suggested that Notch1 signaling in B16 melanoma cells might inhibit antitumor immunity by upregulation of TGF-β1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are compelling evidences to show that melanoma cells escape the host's immunity by actively developing multiple suppressive mechanisms within the cancer microenvironment [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human CMV infection is controlled by T cell-mediated immunity and in immunosuppressed transplant patients it is associated with acute allograft rejection as well as chronic allograft vasculopathy. (aai.org)
  • The DEGs in breast cancer cells overexpressed ITM2A were found to be associated with immunity responses. (figshare.com)
  • We found a negative correlation between urinary F and percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells (r? (fluoridealert.org)
  • Ligated DCs exhibited poor stimulatory activity for primary and memory T-cell proliferative responses, but this was substantially reversed by blockade of CD80 or its preferred ligand CTLA-4, or by depleting CD4 + CD25 + CD127 lo regulatory T cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • CD25 is expressed by early progenitors of T and B lineage as well as by activated mature T and B lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD25 plays a role in lymphocyte differentiating and activation/proliferation. (thermofisher.com)
  • PBMCs include lymphocytes, monocytes, and DCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • We used RNA extracted from PBMCs for real-time reverse transcription PCR and found patient Co45 had the lowest TIGIT mRNA level ( Figure , panel A). Because TIGIT is mainly expressed in T cells, we used flow cytometry to measure the mean fluorescence intensity of TIGIT expressed in the cytoplasmic domain (CD) T cells. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS -Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Conclusions These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans. (haematologica.org)
  • Currently there are no standardised methods or potency assays to quantify these properties. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • A potency assay used for lot release is a GMP assay that measures the activity of a drug in response units per drug concentration. (marinbio.com)
  • PI3Kδ inhibitors are approved for the therapy of B cell malignancies, but their clinical use has been limited by unpredictable autoimmune toxicity, despite promising efficacy and evidence that toxicity is associated with improved clinical outcomes. (nature.com)
  • Clinical trials are in progress assessing the use of mature T-lymphocytes transduced with CARs targeting CD19 antigen to treat B-lineage malignancies. (escholarship.org)
  • Because of the specific expression of CD19 in malignant cells, CD19-specific CAR-T cells have significant efficacy against hematologic malignancies [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, more than five CAR-T cell products have been used clinically in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but not yet for solid tumors [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Successful treatment of B-cell malignancies with CD19-CAR T cells was a milestone for this approach ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Methods: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, MTT assay, and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Current methods used to predict or monitor the activity of infused T cells in patients provide limited data on treatment efficacy ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • We investigated the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells target-B7H3 in GC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This thesis highlights the need to develop specific assays that reflect the intended clinical action. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Antibodies against the extracellular domain of the CAR molecule (anti-Fab, Fc or idiotype) have been used for detection of CAR expression in research and clinical samples by flow cytometry, but may need development for each construct and present significant background in samples from xenograft models. (escholarship.org)
  • The presence of Tfh is required for efficacy of antiprogrammed cell death ligand-1 therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Our work provides a new and precious data resource to better understand the neuroblastoma ecosystem and suggest novel therapeutic strategies, targeting both tumor cells and components of the microenvironment. (curie.fr)
  • Our results show that B7H3-directed CAR-T cells efficiently killed GC tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD80+ LCL13271 tumor cells. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • The short labeling and total assay times reduces the potential for significant changes in the number and/or phenotype of the target cells, which could influence the outcome of the assay. (jove.com)
  • Hypoxia stimulates cancer cells to acquire a more malignant phenotype via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). (cancerindex.org)
  • however, due to constitutive mTORC1 activation, these cells retained a terminally differentiated effector phenotype and were incapable of transitioning into a memory state. (jci.org)
  • CD4 T helper (Th) cells are characteristically classified into five main subcategories including, Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and Treg (T regulatory) [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, melanoma cells evade T cell surveillance by creating an immunosuppressive environment via the production of cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10, which recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further functionally demonstrate that MDSCs isolated from mouse neuroblastoma have immunosuppressive properties, impairing the proliferation of T lymphocytes.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that neuroblastoma tumors have an immunocompromised microenvironment characterized by dysfunctional T cells and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. (curie.fr)
  • In addition, a negative correlation was detected between the F urinary levels and the proportion of apoptotic cells, in PBMC or T cells or monocytes (P? (fluoridealert.org)
  • IL-10 has numerous biological activities including the inhibition of cytokine synthesis by activated T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and macrophages. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • They play a crucial role in cell-based assays in drug discovery , focusing on signaling pathways, gene expression , among other endpoints. (marinbio.com)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found 16 significant regulated pathways in imDCs and 10 significant regulated pathways in mDCs, including the phagosome, cell adhesion signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • All pets succumbed to tumors and the ones treated using the monovalent non-depletion of porcine antigen showing cells (APCs) for research looking Xanthiazone into the induction of transplantation tolerance autoimmune disease and tumor treatment. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Target cell depletion was determined using a newly developed porcine B-cell lymphoma tumor mouse model in which mice were injected with LCL13271 cells. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Finally, MTE significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of lymphocytes from T-ALL patients, compared with lymphocytes from healthy peoples. (oncotarget.com)
  • When cells were transfected with miR-425 mimic, the proliferation of MEC-1 cells was significantly inhibited at 24, 48 and 72 h compared with the proliferation of control cells. (fatcat.wiki)
  • Finally, BTK, PLCγ2, Ki-67 and PCNA expression was significantly inhibited at the mRNA and protein level in cells where miR-425 was upregulated. (fatcat.wiki)
  • However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. (nature.com)
  • The inhibitory effect of MSCs on T lymphocytes was observed using PHA-induced T cell proliferation assays. (korea.ac.kr)
  • We show that mouse intratumor T cells exhibit increased expression of inhibitory receptors at the protein level. (curie.fr)
  • Consistently, T cells from patients are characterized by features of exhaustion, expressing inhibitory receptors and showing low expression of effector cytokines. (curie.fr)
  • Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis. (nature.com)
  • Piperlongumine inhibited inflammatory mediators and adherence of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 to MH-S cells following TDM activation. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
  • The influence of ITM2A expression on breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, clonogenic assay, and murine xenograft models. (figshare.com)
  • The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was developed and validated for the identification of low molecular weight sensitizing chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The development of T cells depends on their microenvironment, with cytokines playing a major role in this procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms that control CD8+ T cell responses by C5a have not been extensively explored. (bvsalud.org)
  • Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Understanding what these activation markers are, when they are expressed, and their role in T cell function during normal responses and disease states is important when selecting markers for assessing T cell biology for studies on human PBMC. (sanguinebio.com)
  • However, there are also several concerns with this assay including: levels of false positive responses, variability due to vehicle, and predictivity. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, one necessity of the assay is to label the target cells in a manner that can easily be detected and quantitated, allowing the user to then determine the 'percent specific lysis' mediated by the effector cells. (jove.com)
  • Effector and target cell contact is required (leading to the common use of round-bottom 96-well plates to encourage cell-cell contact) (2). (jove.com)
  • The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-425 binds to the 3'-untranslated region of BTK mRNA. (fatcat.wiki)
  • We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. (nature.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases has demonstrated a particular promise after its successful applications in both animal models and patients. (nature.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties, studied in a wide range of diseases. (mendeley.com)
  • Fibronectin (FN) is commonly used in the development of serum-free media for the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow[ 1 ] and characterized by the fibroblast-like appearance in culture and the capacities to form bone, adipose and cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)