Flagella bacteria aerobic. Medical search. Frequent questions

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain with tufty polar flagella, JLT1363(T), was isolated from the South China Sea. (cheric.org)
H13-3 is a motile bacterium driven by the rotation of several complex flagella. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The genus Pseudomonas , of the Pseudomonadaceae family, are motile gram-negative aerobic bacteria. (cornell.edu)
Strain D-14T, a brown-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. (lookformedical.com)
Cells were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic chemo-organotrophs and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cells of the strain were Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Like other members of the genus Vibrio, this species is motile, with a single, polar flagellum. (datapunk.net)
In 1954, Brisou and Prévot proposed the genus Acinetobacter to indicate that the bacteria were non-motile because they lacked flagella: the Greek "akineto" means "immobile" [ 1 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
16. The motile bacteria are able to move by (AIPMT 2014) (a) fimbriae (b) flagella (c) cilia (d) pili. (recruitmenttopper.com)
The rod-shaped cells are motile, have peritrichous flagella, and show variable Gram staining. (asm.org)
This microorganism is a curved, rod shaped ( vibrio ), motile, gram negative , catalase - and oxidase - positive, and aerobically denitrifying bacteria [5]. (kenyon.edu)
A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. (kribb.re.kr)
V. cholerae is also motile due to its polar flagellum and makes ATP (an energy molecule) by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is also capable of switching to fermentation - facultative anaerobe . (ppdictionary.com)
The central cell is the motile an-aerobic heterotroph, the seven attached to it, the green sulfur bacteria. (asmblog.org)
Under a light microscope, host-dependent Bdellovibrio appears to be a comma-shaped motile rod that is about 0.3-0.5 by 0.5-1.4 µm in size with a barely discernible flagellum . (eol.org)
Bacteria are inoculated into the medium, and over time, bacteria with flagella will migrate away from the site of inoculation while non-motile bacteria will not. (nmmra.org)

Bacteria in question Class Gram +/- Shape Motility Aerobic, anaerobic, etc. (justaaa.com)
Aerobic, anaerobic, etc. (justaaa.com)
strain PV-1 is a piezophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise. (rutgers.edu)
Varunaivibrio sulfuroxidans is a mesophilic, facultative anaerobic, facultative chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a sulfidic shallow-water marine gas vent located at Tor Caldara, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy. (rutgers.edu)
Sulfurovum riftiae is a mesophilic, anaerobic chemosynthetic bacterium isolated from the tube of the vent polychaete, Riftia pachyptila on the East Pacific Rise. (rutgers.edu)
Cetia pacifica is a thermophilic, anaerobic chemosynthetic bacterium isolated from an active deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise. (rutgers.edu)
Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic chemolithotrophic bacterium isolated from a tube of an Alvinella pompejana tubeworm collected at the East Pacific Rise at 13N. (rutgers.edu)
Bacteria are also described as aerobic, anaerobic or facultative anaerobes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
While aerobic bacteria need oxygen to live, anaerobic bacteria will die around oxygen. (changingyourbusiness.com)
These bacteria, as well as bacteria that cause root diseases, are anaerobic. (rodsgardening.com)
Milk agar selects for bacteria based on their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of the milk protein, casein, into amino acids for use as an alternative carbon source in anaerobic conditions (biosci. (nmmra.org)
It's also facultative anaerobic which means it can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, non-lactose fermenter, oxidase negative which means it doesn't produce this enzyme, and urease positive which means it can produce an enzyme called urease. (osmosis.org)
Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. (osmosis.org)
2) They are mostly chemoorganotrophs, aerobic, and also facultatively anaerobic. (pharmacy180.com)
Grows aerobic and anaerobic. (abcmedicalnotes.com)

Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. (wikipedia.org)
Bacillus is a common bacterium and is Gram-positive, rod-shaped with a size range of 0.3~22 μm × 1.2~7.0 μm, spore-forming, and aerobic-to-facultative (Cowan, 1974). (spudd64.com)
Bacillus subtilis bacteria are non-pathogenic. (spudd64.com)
Most bacteria can be generally characterized as coccus (i. e. , spherical), bacillus (i. e. , rod-shaped), spirillum (i. e. , helical) and vibrio (i. e. , curvy rod-shaped). (nmmra.org)
Other bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium, produce dormant structures called endospores (or spores) which are highly resistant to environmental and chemical stresses and allow spore-forming bacteria to survive extreme conditions. (nmmra.org)
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacillus which belongs to a family of bacteria called the Enterobacteriaceae. (osmosis.org)

H13-3 mainly encodes housekeeping functions characteristic for an aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium. (uni-bielefeld.de)
26. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as (Prelims 2012) (a) cyanobacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) heterotrophic bacteria. (recruitmenttopper.com)
Microvirgula aerodenitrificans is a Gram-negative and slightly curved rod shaped bacteria where Microvirgula aerodenitrificans is an aerobic and heterotrophic denitrifier [7]. (kenyon.edu)
Heterotrophic bacteria live all around us and use organic molecules as a food source. (slideserve.com)

gram-negative bacteria in general are more resistant to many antibiotics such as penicillin. (wikipedia.org)
Pseudomonadales is a fairly large group of Gram-negative bacteria IN CLaa Gammaproteobacteria. (microscopemaster.com)
Like many other Gammaproteobacteria, Alteromonadales are rod-shaped (straight or slightly curved), Gram-negative species many of which move by means of a single flagellum. (microscopemaster.com)
Many pseudomonads, as well as a variety of other gram-negative Bacteria , metabolize glucose via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. (montana.edu)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. (datapunk.net)
Colistin is an old drug, and its use has recently resurged because of increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii . (pfmjournal.org)
Although the colistin resistance rates in gram-negative bacteria are currently not high, many colistin-resistant isolates are being identified and the possibility of horizontal transmission of colistin resistance has increased because of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 (mobilized colistin resistance). (pfmjournal.org)
sex pilus to attach to other bacteria Resistance increased by the type of cell wall, and presence of endospore, capsules, slime layers Toxin the lipopolysaccharide upper layer of Gram negative bacteria is released as toxins Taxonomy Domain : Bacteria Kingdom: Monera Phyla : Firmicutes Gram-Positive e.g. cocci Staphylococcus Streptococcus bacilli Lactobacillus Gracilicutes Gram-Negative e.g. cocci bacilli spirochete obligate intracellular parasites Tenericutes No Cell Wall e.g. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
The bacterial flora can be classified by Gram staining into Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (stemcelldaily.com)
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall that retains the crystal violet dye during Gram staining, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane that does not retain the dye. (stemcelldaily.com)
Gram-positive bacteria are generally more resistant to acidic and dry conditions than Gram-negative bacteria, and are more prevalent in the mouth than in the GI tract. (stemcelldaily.com)
Gram-negative bacteria are more diverse and adaptable to different environments than Gram-positive bacteria, and are more prevalent in the GI tract than in the mouth. (stemcelldaily.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. (ukessays.com)
The bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and aerobic belongs to the bacterial family of pseudomonadanceae. (ukessays.com)
Vibrio cholerae is a curve-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium well-known for its ability to cause cholera , a severe bacterial infection in humans (Figure 1). (ppdictionary.com)
Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative , obligate aerobic bacteria . (eol.org)
One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members can prey upon other Gram-negative bacteria and feed on the biopolymers , e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts. (eol.org)
[5] B. bacteriovorus are able to thrive in almost any habitat, the general requirements are that there needs to be oxygen and some other Gram-negative bacteria present in its environment. (eol.org)
The Bdellovibrio attaches to a Gram-negative bacterium after contact, and penetrates into the prey's periplasmic space. (eol.org)
The bacterial cell wall is critical to the survival of bacteria, and its arrangement helps to differentiate bacteria into either Gram-positive or Gram-negative groupings, depending on the reaction of the cells to the Gram stain. (nmmra.org)
Gram-positive bacteria (which stain purple) have a very thick cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria (which stain pink) have a thinner cell wall. (nmmra.org)
Columbia-CNA agar is a selective medium that contains two antibiotics which inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. (nmmra.org)
Instead, like any other Gram-negative bacteria, it stains pink with safranin dye. (osmosis.org)
Gram Negative Bacteria are pink after staining. (slideserve.com)
Gram Positive bacteria are affected by different antibiotics than Gram Negative bacteria. (slideserve.com)

These microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa that live in harmony with the host under normal conditions, and provide various benefits such as digestion, immunity, metabolism and protection from pathogens. (stemcelldaily.com)
The normal flora of the mouth and GI tract consists of more than 400 species of bacteria, as well as fungi (mainly Candida spp. (stemcelldaily.com)
Bacteria and fungi extract nutrients from the soil minerals and make them available to plants. (rodsgardening.com)

Furthermore, unlike other denitrifiers, M. aerodenitrificans performs an aerobic denitrification which is a co- respiration of the two electron acceptors, oxygen and nitrogen compound, at the same time [5]. (kenyon.edu)
Fig 4: Evolution of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration in Cyanobacteria. (dhushara.com)
The three Cyanobacteria classes likely acquired aerobic respiration independently after the rise of oxygen (atmospheric oxygen is represented by the red shading). (dhushara.com)

As a biochemist you study the way living organisms - from viruses and bacteria to mammals, plants and other higher organisms - function at the molecular level. (kent.ac.uk)

This article provides an overview of the most important human pathogenic bacteria. (amboss.com)
The following table provides an overview of the nomenclature of important human pathogenic bacteria, according to their form and Gram staining properties. (amboss.com)
Examples of pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding diseases. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infection. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
Below is a table of some pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding diseases. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
Correct identification of these unknown pathogenic bacteria is crucial in determining the appropriate type of antibiotic therapy that is necessary to eliminate bacterial infections when they occur. (nmmra.org)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of gamma proteobacteria class of bacteria. (ukessays.com)
This photomicrograph of a flagella-stained specimen, revealed the presence of two flagellated, Burkholderia cepacia bacteria, formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia . (cdc.gov)

Bacteria are one-celled organisms that are classified as prokaryotes, meaning they have no nucleus. (all-science-fair-projects.com)
Bacteria are sometimes called ' prokaryotes . (lumera.in)

Metabolism of Bacteria Autotrophic means that it makes it's own food. (slideserve.com)
Carbon dioxide - needed by all bacteria and a product of metabolism. (abcmedicalnotes.com)

While most of the bacteria that live in our bodies are either harmless or beneficial, some bacteria are pathogens, meaning that they cause infection or disease. (nmmra.org)

Cell wall: In bacteria, the cell wall is usually made of peptidoglycan, a protein and sugar compound. (lumera.in)

Thus, many species of the genus have been described as plant growth-promoting bacteria. (asm.org)
Species belonging to the genus Vibrio are distinguished from Enterobacteria by their flagella, as well as being oxidase positive. (ppdictionary.com)
The central rod with a single polar flagellum is a β-proteobacter within family Comamonadaceae (genus level relatives include Variovorax, Rhodoferax , and Delftia ). (asmblog.org)

The bacterium develops colonies known as microcolonies and adhere to the surface strongly which are known as pili structures (Baron S et al. (ukessays.com)

This scanning electron micrograph depicts a Vibrio cholerae bacterium [22371 X]. (ppdictionary.com)

When cultured on ordinary nutrient agar, the morphology circular colony of this bacteria is rough, opaque, fuzzy white or slightly yellow with jagged edges [1, 7]. (spudd64.com)
Because bacteria are microscopic in size, their classification based simply on morphology is not sufficient for identification. (nmmra.org)
Bacteria can also be identified by colony morphology, or their tendency to group together in pairs (e. g. (nmmra.org)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated GJSW-36 T , was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A pale pink and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain M71 T , was isolated from the soil of a Euphrates poplar forest in Xingjiang, PR China. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Material and methods 5 3.1 Bacteria strain and medium 5 3.2 Inoculum preparation 5 3.3 Batch cultivations 5 3.4 Freeze-drying process 5 3.5 Analytical methods 6 3.6 Statistical analyses 8 3. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
The pure culture of the bacterial strain was grown under aerobic conditions on tryptic soy broth agar plates. (asm.org)
Cells of strain O7/1T can be differentiated from those of D. mobilis, the closest relative of D. mucosus, which are mobile by monopolar polytrichous flagella and devoid of the mucous polymer surrounding the D. mucosus cells [1,23]. (hdac-assay.com)

The isolate has been established as a model system for studying novel features of flagellum structure, motility and chemotaxis within the family Rhizobiaceae. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Generally the twitching motility of the P.aeruginosa helps to use its unipolar flagellum to adhere a surface. (ukessays.com)
Some bacteria have one or more flagella, rigid protein structures that can rotate and are used for motility. (nmmra.org)
The presence or absence of flagella can be determined using a motility media, such as a semi-solid agar. (nmmra.org)
First, Proteus mirabilis has flagella, which are lash-like appendages that comes out from the cell body , and confer the bacteria its motility. (osmosis.org)
And we know that flagella - (a) filamentous appendix expressed by microbiota members - is a very important motility factor for microbiota encroachment. (medicalnewstoday.com)

These 2-4 μm long plump-shaped rods have polar flagella that have an important role in pathogenicity. (cornell.edu)
All organisms in this group are straight or slightly curved chemoorganotrophic and aerobic rods with polar flagella. (montana.edu)

V. parahaemolyticus is oxidase positive, facultatively aerobic, and does not form spores. (datapunk.net)

Galenea microaerophila is a mesophilic, strictly microaerophilic, chemosynthetic bacterium isolated from the sediment of an active shallow-water hydrothermal vent in Paleochori Bay, on the Greek island of Milos. (rutgers.edu)

Which scientist created tests that helped confirm that bacteria and other microorganisms cause a variety of diseases? (answerscrib.com)
Learn more about these microorganisms and what you can do to help balance helpful bacteria while keeping yourself safe from harmful ones. (changingyourbusiness.com)
According to the Society of Microbiology, bacteria can be single-celled microorganisms, but they can also exist in groups, chains and pairs. (changingyourbusiness.com)

9,10] M. aerodenitrificans is also an aerobic denitrifier which is capable of using two electron acceptors, oxygen and nitrogen, simultaneously. (kenyon.edu)

Key identifying characteristics are the absence of gas formation from glucose, and the positive oxidase test, both of which help to distinguish pseudomonads from enteric bacteria. (montana.edu)
Characteristics such as cell size and shape, relative thickness of cell wall, tendency to group, presence of flagella, and ability to form spores all help in the identification of unknown bacteria. (nmmra.org)

Other bacteria have sticky, hair-like appendages that help them stick to each other or to hard surfaces. (changingyourbusiness.com)

Staining technique that distinguishes two groups of bacteria because the stain reflects a basic difference in the composition of bacterial cell walls. (slideserve.com)
The cell walls of all bacteria are made of interlinked sugar and amino acid molecules that differ in arrangement and therefore react differently to Gram Stain. (slideserve.com)

Our findings suggest that targeting flagellated bacteria within the intestinal tract could offer innovative ways to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota in order to protect against an array of microbiota-related chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders . (medicalnewstoday.com)

Parallel samples from 51 chronic wounds were studied using aerobic culturing and 16S DNA sequencing for the identification of bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
Selective media, such as Columbia-CAN agar, EMB agar, and milk agar, can be useful in the identification of bacteria. (nmmra.org)

Some like Azotobacter move by means of flagella (peritrichous flagella) and form cysts in the event of unfavorable conditions. (microscopemaster.com)

Development of a multi-locus typing scheme for an Enterobacteriaceae linear plasmid that mediates inter-species transfer of flagella. (cdc.gov)

Because of the results of this experiment, I wonder if bleach would still work the best if there were different types of bacteria used. (all-science-fair-projects.com)
I would also use more types of bacteria, and I would do more than one trial for the each test to obtain more accurate results and to get an average. (all-science-fair-projects.com)
Name Three Types Of Bacteria Involved In The Nitrogen Cycle - Many bacteria are found both inside and outside of organisms, including humans. (changingyourbusiness.com)
Your body needs certain types of bacteria to function, such as those that live in the digestive system. (changingyourbusiness.com)
There are many types of bacteria. (changingyourbusiness.com)
Estimates that more than 30 types of bacteria, parasites, and viruses can pass through sexual contact, there are three common infections based on sexually transmitted bacteria (STIs) that can be cured with antibiotics. (changingyourbusiness.com)

Describe 2-3 ways each that both viruses and bacteria can be helpful to humans. (answerscrib.com)

However, others like Azomonas do not form cysts and lack flagella for movement. (microscopemaster.com)
Translocation: Translocation is the movement of bacteria from their normal site to a sterile site within or outside the body. (stemcelldaily.com)
Which structure is used by some bacteria for movement? (answerscrib.com)

Refresher: a prokaryote = Kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria = all bacteria * Can we think of a mental reminder for this? (slideserve.com)

Using a disinfectant that will effectively kill harmful bacteria can help people stay healthy. (all-science-fair-projects.com)
BV is a common condition that occurs when there are too many harmful bacteria in the vagina compared to helpful bacteria, leading to a bacterial imbalance. (changingyourbusiness.com)

While infection can occur by the fecal-oral route, ingestion of bacteria in raw or undercooked seafood, usually oysters, is the predominant cause the acute gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus. (datapunk.net)
Is a type of bacteria that can lead to salmonella infection in humans. (changingyourbusiness.com)

Importantly, the bacteria which are intimately associated with this section are observed to be straight to slightly curved rods, and invariably appear as club-shaped swellings, as shown in Fig. 3.6. (pharmacy180.com)

Parvibaculum hydrocarbonoclasticum is an aerobic, alkane-oxidizing bacterium isolated from hydrothermal fluids collected from a deep-sea vent on the East Pacific Rise. (rutgers.edu)

It is a member of the ESKAPE group, which is the main bacterial group that causes infections in humans [ 12 ], and has been recently ranked as a bacterium that poses the greatest health threat by World Health Organization [ 13 ]. (pfmjournal.org)

Just as certain bacteria cause bacterial infections, viruses cause viral infections. (changingyourbusiness.com)

A bacterium is a single-celled ( unicellular ) microorganism that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. (lumera.in)

Can very rarely transfer bacterial or plasmid DNA from one bacterium to another. (abcmedicalnotes.com)

i ) less pleomorphic, ( ii ) strictly aerobic in nature, and ( iii ) possess % (G + C) values ranging between 65-75 moles per cent. (pharmacy180.com)

A pathogen is a microorganism - in the widest sense, such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus - that causes disease in its host. (termpaperwarehouse.com)

The most common method of identifying bacteria involves isolating them, growing them in culture media, and then examining them closely under a microscope for characteristic features. (nmmra.org)
Bacteria can grow in characteristic patterns. (slideserve.com)

Some bacteria can contribute to carcinogenesis by producing toxins (such as Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin), inducing chronic inflammation (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer) or altering DNA methylation (such as Streptococcus gallolyticus in colon cancer). (stemcelldaily.com)

H13-3, formerly known as Rhizobium lupini H13-3, is a soil bacterium that was isolated from the rhizosphere of Lupinus luteus. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Bacteria are also found on surfaces and in substances such as water, soil and food, making them key players in Earth's ecosystems. (changingyourbusiness.com)
Deep watering and drying out helps soil breathe much better so soil remains aerobic. (rodsgardening.com)
Bacteria exist in every possible habitat on Earth - in soil, in water, and even on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract of the human body. (nmmra.org)

What process occurs when bacteria break down nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use? (answerscrib.com)
Several kinds of nitrogen fixing bacteria can pull nitrogen gas, N 2 , out of the air and convert it into ammonia, NH 3 . (rodsgardening.com)
There are also denitrifying bacteria that convert nitrites and nitrates back into nitrogen gas. (rodsgardening.com)

This bacteria can be identified in a urine culture, and the treatment of its infections involves antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins. (osmosis.org)

For example, the bacteria may survive an attack from the human body's immune system. (lumera.in)

20. Why is a capsule advantageous to a bacterium? (recruitmenttopper.com)

Therefore, only Gram-positive bacteria can grow on Columbia-CNA agar. (nmmra.org)
Columbia-CNA agar also contains whole sheep's blood which allows differentiation of bacteria based on their hemolysis patterns (i. e. , their ability to break down red blood cells). (nmmra.org)
EMB agar also contains two indicator dyes, eosin and methylene blue, which turn dark in the present of lactose fermenting bacteria. (nmmra.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms70

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care11

Motile16

Anaerobic15

Bacillus6

Heterotrophic4

Gram-negative25

Fungi3

Respiration3

Living organisms1

Pathogenic bacteria6

Pseudomonas2

Prokaryotes2

Metabolism2

Pathogens1

Peptidoglycan1

Genus3

Pili1

Vibrio1

Morphology3

Strain5

Motility6

Polar flagella2

Facultatively1

Microaerophilic1

Microorganisms3

Electron acceptors1

Characteristics2

Appendages1

Stain2

Intestinal1

Identification of bacteria2

Peritrichous flagella1

Species1

Types of bacteria6

Viruses and bacteria1

Movement3

Archaebacteria1

Harmful bacteria2

Infection2

Slightly curved1

Hydrothermal1

Humans1

Cause bacterial1

Membrane-bound organelles1

Plasmid1

Strictly1

Fungus1

Characteristic2

Toxins1

Soil4

Nitrogen gas3

Antibiotics1

Survive1

Capsule1

Agar3