Fins vertebrates. Medical search. Frequent questions

For every type of fin, there are a number of fish species in which this particular fin has been lost during evolution (e.g. pelvic fins in †Bobasatrania, caudal fin in ocean sunfish). (wikipedia.org)
It is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today, making up more than 50% of species. (wikipedia.org)
In the majority of species, there is no neck, and all external appendages, with the exception of the fins, have been reduced. (jrank.org)
In fast-swimming species such as tuna or mackerel , the dorsal and anal fins form sharp thin keels that offer little resistance to water flow. (jrank.org)
Yet other species such as eels have lost almost all traces of external fins and swim instead by rhythmic movements of their muscular bodies. (jrank.org)
Analyses of the hh DNA sequence data led researchers to discover gene homologs, or genetic sequences similar to those in fruit flies but in vertebrates, a result that revealed a high degree of genetic conservation between species. (asu.edu)
There are three classes of vertebrate hh genes: Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, and Desert hedgehog, with most vertebrate species possessing one member from each gene family. (asu.edu)
We will integrate (i) new data on fin/limb muscle anatomy in extant species, (ii) reconstruction of muscle attachments in extinct forms, and (iii) mathematical analysis to identify morphological modules and quantify their integration within an evolutionary context. (rvc.ac.uk)
Aerial survey has been used as a tool to assess species abundance for both terrestrial and marine vertebrates, often where the remoteness or vastness of the survey area and the potentially low abundance of the study species render other techniques uneconomical [ 1 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Likewise, the Australian lungfishes have flipper-like pectoral and pelvic fins, large scales , and larvae without external gills, while the other species have filamentous pectoral and pelvic fins without rays, small scales, and larvae with external gills (Nelson 2006). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Females of the species can produce more eggs than any other known vertebrate, up to 300,000,000 at a time. (earth.com)
Without fossil evidence this remains a bit of a mystery - there is a gap in the fossil record between species with no fins and then suddenly species with paired fins - so we can't really be sure yet how paired appendages evolved. (alaska-native-news.com)
Infection with all strains, except WNV FIN, resulted in high rates of death and high-level viremia in both bird species and virus dissemination to several organs. (cdc.gov)
Morphological evolution of the vertebrate skull has been explored across a wide range of tetrapod clades using geometric morphometrics, but the application of these methods to teleost fishes, accounting for roughly half of all vertebrate species, has been limited. (bvsalud.org)

They use special adaptations like fins, gills, and swim bladders to survive. (asknature.org)
They have backbones, fins, and gills. (ducksters.com)
Fish are cold-blooded vertebrate sea creatures that move with fins and breathe through gills. (thetrellis.com)
Shrimp are crustaceans, specifically a type of shellfish, while fish are cold-blooded vertebrates with fins and gills. (thetrellis.com)
Fish are cold-blooded vertebrate sea creatures that have fins for movement and gills for breathing. (thetrellis.com)
They usually have gills, paired fins, a long body covered with scales, and tend to be cold-blooded. (a-z-animals.com)

Most of them use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. (wikipedia.org)
Sunfish fry resemble miniature pufferfish, with large pectoral fins, a tail fin, and body spines uncharacteristic of adult sunfish. (earth.com)
The classic zebrafish mutant for tbx5a named heartstrings (hst) features recessive absence of pectoral fins and a spectrum of heart defects, most-prominently featuring the name-giving stretched heart tube. (uzh.ch)
Homozygous and trans-heterozygous combinations of these new tbx5a alleles cause fully penetrant loss of pectoral fins and heart defects including changes in cardiac marker expression akin to hst mutants. (uzh.ch)

The pectoral and pelvic fins are paired, whereas the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are unpaired and situated along the midline of the body. (wikipedia.org)
In some †Acanthodii ("spiny sharks"), one or more pairs of "intermediate" or "prepelvic" spines are present between the pectoral and pelvic fins, but these are not associated with fins. (wikipedia.org)
Pectoral and pelvic fins have articulations resembling those of tetrapod limbs. (wikipedia.org)
Sleeper gobies differ from other gobies in that the pelvic fins are separate, with no connecting membrane. (ecologyasia.com)
She examined the bones of the shoulder and pelvic belt, the front and hind fins, and the shoulder joint surfaces of the plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus from the Middle Jurassic period (around 160 million years ago) on a complete skeleton exhibited in the Goldfuß Museum of the University of Bonn. (sflorg.com)

Scientists in Australia studied the fossil and found the structure of its fin had similarities to the human hand, with the skeleton featuring an arm, a forearm and finger-like appendages. (femalefirst.co.uk)
The origin of vertebrate paired appendages is one of the most investigated and debated examples of evolutionary novelty1-7. (bvsalud.org)

In the zebrafish embryos, Ingham's group identified a Dhh gene and the Shh gene as active in the notochord, a structure in chordate embryos, in the floor plate, a structure that in vertebrate embryos develops into the nervous system. (asu.edu)
These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
The fact that the Sonic hedgehog gene performs the same two functions in the development of gill arches and branchial rays in skate embryos as it does in the development of limbs in mammal embryos may help explain how Gegenbaur arrived at his controversial theory on the origin of fins and limbs. (alaska-native-news.com)

male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod to lure prey, and triggerfish avoid predators by squeezing into coral crevices and using spines in their fins to lock themselves in place. (wikipedia.org)
Sarcopterygians also possess two dorsal fins with separate bases, as opposed to the single dorsal fin of most ray-finned fish (except some teleosts). (wikipedia.org)
The former include a dorsal fin in the midline of the back, an anal fin along the underside and a caudal fin at the rear end of the fish. (jrank.org)
Sarcopterygians also possess two dorsal fins with separate bases, as opposed to the single dorsal fin of actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Class of vertebrate shark-like aquatic animals characterized by having no scales, four gill pairs under one gill opening on each side, an erectile dorsal fin, in using claspers to accomplish internal fertilization of females, laying eggs with leathery cases, differing from sharks in having upper jaws that are fused to the braincase, separate anal and urogenital openings, and a few large permanent grinding tooth plates instead of teeth. (getty.edu)
As an example, the detailed motion of the dorsal fin is presented here. (ugent.be)

These fins evolved into legs of the first tetrapod land vertebrates (amphibians) in the Devonian Period. (wikipedia.org)
Whatcheeria was an early tetrapod - one of the first vertebrates to have arms and legs instead of fins. (newscientist.com)
An extinct tetrapod genus, among the first vertebrates to have recognizable limbs which appeared in the Upper Devonian about 365 mya, and was anatomically intermediate between lobe-finned fishes and the first tetrapods fully capable of coming onto land. (slideshare.net)
They found many fossils, but one that changed his thinking was a fin of sauripterus, with fin rays and a core of tetrapod-like limbs. (freethoughtblogs.com)

chordate , any member of the phylum Chordata, which includes the vertebrates (subphylum Vertebrata), the most highly evolved animals, as well as two other subphyla-the tunicates (subphylum Tunicata) and cephalochordates (subphylum Cephalochordata). (britannica.com)

Lungfish is any sarcopterygian fish of the taxon Dipnoi , characterized by platelike teeth and lobed, paired fins, with modern forms typified by functional lungs and the caudal fin confluent with the dorsal and anal fins. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Members of Ceratodontimorpha are characterized by having a caudal fin confluent with the dorsal and anal fins, functional lungs (modified swim bladder), and the absence of premaxilla and maxilla (Nelson 2006). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The Placodermi, armoured jawed fishes of the Silurian to Devonian periods (430-360 million years old), are an entirely extinct major group of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). (plos.org)
However, its early history remains poorly understood, with great dissimilarity in form between the two living vertebrate groups: gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (hagfishes and lampreys)2,3. (bvsalud.org)

This implies that placoderms may be uniquely informative about the evolution of gnathostome body architecture, the single most dramatic morphological transformation in vertebrate evolution and a key step in our own ancestry. (plos.org)
The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)

of this fish, which are homologous to the four legs of terrestrial vertebrates. (slideshare.net)
they correspond to the limbs of terrestrial vertebrates . (jrank.org)
Aerial survey provides an important tool to assess the abundance of both terrestrial and marine vertebrates. (hindawi.com)

Its rainbow scales and graceful fins make it a favorite of saltwater aquarium hobbyists. (rd.com)
These animals can functionally restore lost fins, scales, but also the central nervous system and even internal organs including the heart after injury within a few days to weeks. (mpg.de)

For over 120 years, vertebrate paleontology researchers have been puzzling how plesiosaurs could have swum with these four wings. (sflorg.com)

To have the classification of an amphibian, an animal must be a vertebrate, require water to survive, be cold-blooded, and spend time both on land and in water. (a-z-animals.com)

A large, crocodile-like animal that lived more than 340 million years ago was one of the earliest vertebrates to have a fast-growing phase in its youth. (newscientist.com)
In particular, the earliest and most primitive placoderms have great potential to illuminate the evolution of jawed vertebrate traits. (plos.org)
Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
The 100 Myr gap separating the Cambrian appearance of vertebrates4-6 from the earliest three-dimensionally preserved vertebrate neurocrania7 further obscures the origins of modern states. (bvsalud.org)

The fin-to-limb transition was a major milestone in the history of life that shaped the morphology and remarkable biodiversity of land vertebrates. (rvc.ac.uk)
We will focus on major geological and climatic events, alongside critical anatomical developments such as the origin of jaws, and the evolution of fins, that led to explosive radiations in vertebrate biodiversity. (southampton.ac.uk)

Lungfish, together with coelacanths , are part of the vertebrate class Sarcopterygii . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Lungfish are best-known for retaining characteristics primitive within the bony fish, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within Sarcopterygii , including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. (wikipedia.org)
The caudal fin is either heterocercal (only fossil taxa) or diphycercal. (wikipedia.org)
Coelacanths can create thrust for quick starts by using their caudal fins. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike other vertebrates, fish only live in water. (asknature.org)
Unlike flies, which have one hh gene, vertebrates have several hh genes. (asu.edu)
Unlike the fly, in which there is only one hh gene, the researchers identified different hh genes in vertebrates. (asu.edu)
Unlike mammals, some vertebrates are able to almost completely regenerate damaged or lost tissue even after severe injury, that is, to return the lost tissue to its original healthy state. (mpg.de)
Eriptychius fills a major temporal and phylogenetic gap in our understanding of the evolution of the gnathostome head, revealing a neurocranium with an anatomy unlike that of any previously described vertebrate. (bvsalud.org)

They are classified as aquatic animals with a backbone, or vertebrate, which gives them a distinct advantage in terms of body structure and function. (thetrellis.com)

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone and an internal skeleton. (howstuffworks.com)

Animals that are considered mammals include warm-blooded vertebrates that have hair or fur and whose babies drink milk. (a-z-animals.com)
Like mammals, birds are warm-blooded vertebrates with four-chambered hearts. (a-z-animals.com)

Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)

Despite the significance of this developmental feat, its evolutionary origins have remained unclear, owing largely to the fact that there has been little comparative (evolutionary) work done on this topic between the jawed vertebrates and cyclostomes-the jawless lampreys and hagfishes. (frontiersin.org)

The gill slits, however, ceased to function as feeding structures, and then later as respiratory devices, as the vertebrate structure underwent evolutionary changes. (britannica.com)
The main goal of this project is to unravel (i) the evolutionary changes in modularity of the musculoskeletal system that occurred during the evolution from fins to limbs and (ii) how these newly acquired modular organizations facilitated the evolution of different morphologies for the forelimb and hindlimb. (rvc.ac.uk)
The neurocranium is an integral part of the vertebrate head, itself a major evolutionary innovation1,2. (bvsalud.org)

A central question in vertebrate evolution is how the various anatomical parts of limbs evolved semi-autonomously (called modularity) while still growing and adapting in coordination (called integration). (rvc.ac.uk)
In 1878, influential German anatomist Karl Gegenbaur presented the theory that paired fins and eventually limbs evolved from a structure resembling the gill arch of cartilaginous fishes. (alaska-native-news.com)
Taken to the extreme, these experiments could be interpreted as evidence that limbs share a genetic programme with gill arches because fins and limbs evolved by transformation of a gill arch in an ancestral vertebrate, as proposed by Gegenbaur," says Gillis. (alaska-native-news.com)

Due to the high number of fins they possess, coelacanths have high maneuverability and can orient their bodies in almost any direction in the water. (wikipedia.org)

Gegenbaur looked at the way that these branchial rays connect to the gill arches and noticed that it looks very similar to the way that the fin and limb skeleton articulates with the shoulder," says Gillis. (alaska-native-news.com)

Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of Actinopterygii, Dipnomorpha, Actinistia and Chondrichthyes fishes. (wikipedia.org)
Bony fish have fin spines and rays called lepidotrichia. (wikipedia.org)
Bony fishes also have an operculum, which helps them breathe without having to use fins to swim. (wikipedia.org)
The bony fish representatives of this class, known as lobe-finned fish, are characterized by lobed paired fins, which are joined to the body by a single bone (Clack 2002). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

They also found that the genes functioned in the posterior fin mesoderm, the tissues associated with polarizing activities. (asu.edu)

They have fleshy, lobed, paired fins, which are joined to the body by a series of bones. (wikipedia.org)
Fins and legs look very different, with fins having rays and many bones, while legs have few bones in a fixed pattern. (freethoughtblogs.com)
The articulating digits in the fin are like the finger bones found in the hands of most animals. (femalefirst.co.uk)

They have a backbone, or vertebrate, contained inside their body. (thetrellis.com)

Vertebrates retain traces of a feeding apparatus like that of tunicates and cephalochordates. (britannica.com)

They typically have swim bladders, which allow the fish to create a neutral balance between sinking and floating without having to use its fins. (wikipedia.org)
The fins of lobe-finned fish differ from those of all other fish in that each is borne on a fleshy, lobe-like, scaly stalk extending from the body. (wikipedia.org)
Fish have fins that give them stability. (howstuffworks.com)
Over half of all vertebrates are fish. (asknature.org)
Puffer or porcupine fish, for example, have short, round bodies with greatly reduced fins that are more effective in brief, sculling movements than rapid movement. (jrank.org)
Vertebrates range in size from tiny fish to the whales, which include the largest animals ever to have existed. (britannica.com)
Fish come in more varieties than any other group of vertebrate animals. (ducksters.com)
Within this branch of research, I am studying: 1) the physiological and genomic responses of vertebrates to crude oil and its chemical derivatives, and 2) the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on metal bioavailability and toxicity in fish. (lsu.edu)
Shrimp fall under the category of crustaceans and shellfish, while fish are in a league of their own as vertebrate sea creatures. (thetrellis.com)
Professor John Long, of Flinders University in Adelaide, said: ''This is the first time that we have unequivocally discovered fingers locked in a fin with fin-rays in any known fish. (femalefirst.co.uk)
This finding pushes back the origin of digits in vertebrates to the fish level, and tells us that the patterning for the vertebrate hand was first developed deep in evolution, just before fishes left the water. (femalefirst.co.uk)
Fish are aquatic vertebrates. (a-z-animals.com)

The latter proposes that fins and girdles evolved from an ancestral gill arch. (bvsalud.org)

The remaining fingers bridge these extreme positions, so that the tip of the fin is almost vertical without the need for a real rotation in the shoulder or wrist. (sflorg.com)
Here we present palaeontological support for a pharyngeal basis for the vertebrate shoulder girdle. (bvsalud.org)

Our study opens new perspectives concerning the complex evolution of nanos1 paralogs and their potential distinct roles in Vertebrates gonads. (nature.com)

Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. (nature.com)
The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
The hedgehog gene ( hh ) was observed in fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) in 1980, and later in vertebrates in 1993. (asu.edu)
In 1993, Clifford Tabin and Andrew P. McMahon in the US and Philip W. Ingham in England published the DNA sequences of related genes, or homologs, to the Drosophila hh gene in several vertebrate families. (asu.edu)
In their 1993 experiment, Tabin's group at the Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, isolated a vertebrate Sonic hh gene related to the Drosophila hh gene in the developing limbs, or limb buds, of chicks ( Gallus gallus ). (asu.edu)

In some clades, additional unpaired fins were acquired during evolution (e.g. additional dorsal fins, adipose fin). (wikipedia.org)
Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
Plesiosaurs, which lived around 210 million years ago, have adapted in a unique way to life under water: their front and rear legs have developed into four uniform, wing-like fins in the course of evolution. (sflorg.com)
The fact that the front legs are converted into wing-like fins is more common in evolution, for example in sea turtles. (sflorg.com)
This co-evolution of commensal/mutualistic microbes within marine vertebrate hosts may have had a strong contribution to their nutritional adaptation to specific diets [ 10 ]. (springer.com)

In biology, a ray is an aquatic vertebrate with a flattened body and a nearly undivided tail fin. (spellcheck.net)

The hedgehog signaling pathway controls a wide range of developmental processes in the vertebrate embryo, and researchers found that dysfunction in the hedgehog signaling pathway leads to birth defects including extra digits, cyclopia with one eye and no forebrain, and cancers in adults and juveniles. (asu.edu)
In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)

The questions is the origin of limbs, fins to legs. (freethoughtblogs.com)
But it is important to recognize that the "origin story" of the vertebrates cannot be told from the perspective of either cell population alone. (frontiersin.org)
Dr Andrew Gillis, from the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology and the Marine Biological Laboratory, who led the research, says that it shows aspects of Gegenbaur's theory may in fact be correct, and provides greater understanding of the origin of jawed vertebrates - the group of animals that includes humans. (alaska-native-news.com)

The easiest way to determine what class a vertebrate belongs to is by looking at the body covering. (howstuffworks.com)
Here is a list of the vertebrates' classes and the different body coverings. (howstuffworks.com)

they have skeletons made of bone mostly, and can be contrasted with cartilaginous fishes (see below), which have skeletons made mainly of cartilage (except for their teeth, fin spines, and denticles). (wikipedia.org)

The fins of these prickly fishes carry toxic venom. (medlineplus.gov)

A reconstruction of the muscles of the front and hind fins for Cryptoclidus with the help of reptiles living today showed that the dinosaurs could actively enable such fin twisting. (sflorg.com)
Once the dominant land vertebrates on the planet, reptiles still occupy just about every single ecosystem outside of the extreme north and south. (a-z-animals.com)

We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)

West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus (family Flaviviridae ) transmitted by mosquitoes, uses birds as its primary vertebrate reservoir host. (cdc.gov)

Plesiosaurs are characterized by an often extremely elongated neck with a small head - the Elas mosaic animals even have the longest neck of all vertebrates. (sflorg.com)

So goodbye to fins and gillslits Hello lungs and hair, It's a long, long way from amphioxus But we all came from there. (numachi.com)

Placoderms are considered as the first jawed vertebrates and constitute a paraphyletic group in the stem-gnathostome grade. (plos.org)

pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms52

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science4

Health Care1

Species14

Gills6

Pectoral fins4

Pelvic5

Appendages2

Embryos4

Dorsal fin6

Tetrapod4

Vertebrata1

Anal2

Gnathostomes2

Morphological2

Terrestrial3

Scales2

Paleontology1

Cold-blooded1

Earliest4

Biodiversity2

Sarcopterygii2

Caudal3

Unlike5

Aquatic animals1

Internal skeleton1

Mammals2

Clade1

Hagfishes1

Evolutionary3

Limbs evolved3

Coelacanths1

Skeleton1

Bony4

Mesoderm1

Bones3

Backbone1

Traces1

Fish12

Gill1

Shoulder2

Distinct1

Gene5

Evolution5

Tail fin1

Developmental2

Origin3

Body2

Bone1

Venom1

Reptiles2

Patterns1

Birds1

Animals1

Lungs1

Group1

Derivatives1