AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Epidural SpaceAnesthesia, EpiduralNeedlesInjections, EpiduralDura MaterSpinal CanalLigamentum FlavumAnalgesia, EpiduralLumbosacral RegionEpidural NeoplasmsLipomatosisRadiculopathySpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxLumbar VertebraeAnalgesia, ObstetricalThoracic VertebraeMyelographySpinal DiseasesTissue AdhesionsFiber Optic TechnologyAnesthesia, ObstetricalMathematical ConceptsIntracranial HypotensionLaminectomySpinal CordIntervertebral Disc DisplacementSpinal Cord CompressionFluoroscopyBlood Patch, EpiduralAnesthetics, LocalInjections, SpinalEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalCatheterizationFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeTomography, X-Ray ComputedSpinal Cord DiseasesEndoscopySpinal StenosisLow Back PainLidocaineMagnetic Resonance ImagingSteroidsPregnancy Trimester, ThirdNerve BlockArachnoid CystsArachnoidArachnoiditisSubarachnoid SpaceDiverticulumCysts
InjectionsLumbarDura materTumorsVertebraeSubarachnoid spaceAbscessSteroid injectionForamen magnumConnective tissueSpineArachnoid materCranialAdipose tissueSubduralAnnulus fibrosusCavityDuralVertebralToughCatheterAnesthesiaExtradural spaceCorticosteroidsVenousCerebrospinal fluidTumorCystsCordTissueSoft tissuesSeparatesSynovialAnaesthesiaAnestheticIntracranialCompressionOuterJointsPainOccurChronicFluidJointBone
Injections10
  • Neither of these epidural injections have ever been advised to be administered in or around our spine! (humanhealthlink.com)
  • All any physician has to do to be able to give epidural injections is to go to a weekend training of 2 or 3 days, and they are "certified" to poke around our spinal column. (humanhealthlink.com)
  • Patients with refractory pain can be considered for opioid therapy, injections of local anesthetics, injections of corticosteroids into joints or epidural space, or joint replacement. (yourhealthmagazine.net)
  • Epidural steroid injections are advocated for spinal degenerative disorders with radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, discogenic pain or spondylosis, failed surgery disorders, refractory cervicogenic headaches and spinal fractures. (chicagopwi.com)
  • The most common indication for epidural injections is to place corticosteroid adjacent to an inflamed nerve root that is causing radicular symptoms. (chicagopwi.com)
  • Epidural steroid injections: Corticosteroid injections may be administered into the space around the spinal nerves to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. (sattvikspine.com)
  • For more severe cases, epidural injections can reduce swelling. (goldcoastsurgicenter.com)
  • Cooper G, Lutz GE, Boachie-Adjei O, Lin J. Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliotic stenosis and radiculopathy. (bjbms.org)
  • Epidural steroid injections are most commonly used in situations of radicular pain, which is a radiating pain that is transmitted away from the spine by an irritated spinal nerve. (unlockhipflexor.com)
  • Epidural injections are also used to treat nerve compression in the neck (cervical spine), referred to as cervical radiculopathy, which causes pain. (unlockhipflexor.com)
Lumbar7
  • In this procedure, which is called a spinal tap or lumbar puncture, the needle is carefully orientated to pass between the spinous processes and enter the subarachnoid space below the termination of the spinal cord so that there is no danger of damage to the spinal cord. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In spinal anaesthesia, anaesthetic agents may be injected into the subarachnoid space via a lumbar puncture technique. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In lumbar puncture (LP), a needle is inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for laboratory testing, to measure CSF pressure, and sometimes to give intrathecal diagnostic or therapeutic agents. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The human spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra , terminating in a fibrous extension known as the filum terminale . (yousre-elhemyly.com)
  • The medical procedure known as a lumbar puncture (or spinal tap ) involves use of a needle to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space, usually from the lumbar region of the spine. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
  • Pediatric Lumbar Epidural Catheter Placement via the Landmark Technique. (csurgeries.com)
  • Epidurals are typically a mixture of steroids and painkillers injected directly into the lumbar epidural space. (goldcoastsurgicenter.com)
Dura mater6
Tumors4
  • They can trigger severe neurological symptoms, and should be differentiated from other forms of epidural cysts and tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hence, space-occupying lesions, such as tumors in the supratentorial compartment, produce increased intracranial pressure, and may cause part of the adjacent temporal lobe of the brain to herniate through the tentorial notch. (gov.gy)
  • Huge primary epidural solitary fibrous tumors in the sacrum are a rare clinical entity. (axisneuromonitoring.com)
  • Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), also previously known as hemangiopericytoma, is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic origin, accounting for less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors [1] . (axisneuromonitoring.com)
Vertebrae5
Subarachnoid space13
Abscess3
  • Intracranial epidural abscess (IEA) was first described in 1760 by Sir Percival Pott, who also documented the associated scalp swelling, known as Pott puffy tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Epidural abscess in the posterior fossa following a suboccipital craniectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Infection - An infection can affect the bones ( osteomyelitis ), the discs ( discitis ), or the space surrounding the spinal cord ( epidural abscess ). (spineinfo.com)
Steroid injection3
  • An epidural steroid injection includes both a long-lasting corticosteroid (e.g., triamcinolone, betamethasone) and an anesthetic numbing agent (e.g., lidocaine, bupivacaine). (chicagopwi.com)
  • Epidural steroid injection is a technique in which corticosteroids and a local anesthetic are injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord in an effort to improve spinal stenosis, spinal disc herniation, or both. (integratedpain.com)
  • An epidural steroid injection may be performed utilizing a spinal needle under x-ray guidance to direct the medication to the exact level of the disc herniation. (ufl.edu)
Foramen magnum2
  • The spinal epidural space spans the length of the spinal cord, from the foramen magnum superiorly to the sacral hiatus inferiorly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal dura is attached to the margins of the foramen magnum and via fibrous slips to the posterior longitudinal ligament within the vertebral canal. (pediagenosis.com)
Connective tissue4
  • In humans the epidural space contains lymphatics, spinal nerve roots, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, small arteries, dural venous sinuses and a network of internal vertebral venous plexuses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spinal dura is separated from the periosteum of the vertebral canal by the extradural (epidural) space (Figs 8.16 & 8.32), which contains fat, vessels and loose connective tissue. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Histological distribution of areolar, fibrous, and adipose connective tissue in PDM was similar to synovium. (providence.org)
  • Histopathological examination of the cyst revealed thick fibrous connective tissue interspersed with areas of chronic inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
Spine3
  • in fact, 90% of epidural abscesses occur in the spine. (medscape.com)
  • The spine may be viewed as a multi-segmented joint, with the epidural cavity and neural foramina as joint spaces and PDM as synovial lining. (providence.org)
  • This is because the bone can break down over many years, reducing the space in the spine. (goldcoastsurgicenter.com)
Arachnoid mater1
Cranial2
  • Unlike the cranial epidural space, the spinal epidural space contains adipose tissue, the internal vertebral venous plexuses and the spinal nerve roots. (wikipedia.org)
  • The blood does not collect within a preexisting space, but rather creates a space at the Fractures of Cranial Base In fractures of the cranial base, the internal carotid artery may be torn, producing an arteriovenous fistula within the cavernous sinus. (gov.gy)
Adipose tissue1
Subdural3
  • The subdural space is a narrow space between the dura and the underlying arachnoid. (neupsykey.com)
  • Spinal arachnoid cysts are subdivided into five types: 1) intramedullary cysts/syrinxes, 2) subdural extramedullary, 3) subdural/epidural, 4) intraspinal epidural, and 5) intraspinal/extraspinal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intraspinal epidural spinal arachnoid cysts are more common than other cyst types, followed by subdural extramedullary and intramedullary cysts/syrinxes. (biomedcentral.com)
Annulus fibrosus2
  • The first of these is the annulus fibrosus which is a tough fibrous capsule of concentric and criss-crossing fibres running around the circumference of the disc. (brainandspineclinic.com)
  • The disc can be thought of as a gel filled sac (nucleus pulposus) with a fibrous outer layer (annulus fibrosus) that acts as a shock absorber. (spineinfo.com)
Cavity1
  • Marked presence of CD44, CD55, and HAS2 in the well-developed tunica muscularis of blood vessels and in the body of the PDM suggests a role in the maintenance and lubrication of the epidural cavity and neural foramina. (providence.org)
Dural3
  • For example a torn meningeal artery (often the middle meningeal artery) or dural venous sinus (rarely) may bleed into this potential space and result in an epidural hematoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pia also contributes to the formation of the filum terminale internum , a whitish fibrous filament that extends from the conus medullaris to the tip of the dural sac. (neupsykey.com)
  • A space may develop in the dural border cell layer as the result of trauma, such as a hard blow to the head (Haines, 1993, 2006). (gov.gy)
Vertebral2
  • During the entire study period (days 1-60 of the post-trauma period), the necrotic processes and the development of the glial scar (lesion evolution) were contained in the surgically approached vertebral space (Th13). (frontiersin.org)
  • In front and behind the disc space is closed by a ligament (anterior and posterior vertebral common ligament). (tunisie-esthetic.com)
Tough1
  • This typically occurs due to a tear in the tough fibrous annular ring that surrounds a soft inner core, resulting in herniation of the softer material. (ufl.edu)
Catheter3
Anesthesia2
  • Under general anesthesia, a skin incision is made next to the disc space concerned, most often after an X-ray check, and the interlaminar space is approached where the yellow ligament is located (ligament stretched between two blades). (tunisie-esthetic.com)
  • Anesthesia is sometimes loco-regional (epidural anesthesia). (tunisie-esthetic.com)
Extradural space1
  • Metastatic disease is far more common in the extradural space. (mhmedical.com)
Corticosteroids1
  • If the pain does not disappear, radio-guided epidural or periradicular infiltration (local corticosteroids) can be proposed. (tunisie-esthetic.com)
Venous1
Cerebrospinal fluid2
  • This space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and also contains blood vessels, which supply the spinal cord. (pediagenosis.com)
  • This central region surrounds the central canal , which is an anatomic extension of the spaces in the brain known as the ventricles and, like the ventricles, contains cerebrospinal fluid. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
Tumor1
  • FIGURE 6-3 Epidural tumor in Hodgkin's disease, showing compression of the thoracic spinal cord (Weil stain). (neupsykey.com)
Cysts2
  • Arachnoid cysts locates in the intradural, extradural, or perineural spaces. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, conventional systems of classification fail to consider intraspinal epidural spinal arachnoid cysts as a distinct type given it only uses anatomical location for diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Cord5
  • It's a sharp obtrusive instrument (the needle) being jammed into a space near our spinal cord where there is sooooooooooo little room for error. (humanhealthlink.com)
  • The other problem that worn facet joints can cause is their enlargement can encroach on the space for the spinal cord and spinal nerves. (brainandspineclinic.com)
  • Depending on the underlying malignancy, 2% to 5% of patients will develop clinical signs and symptoms of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) during the course of their disease. (mhmedical.com)
  • X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space. (lookformedical.com)
  • A tendon is a cord like fibrous tissue structure that originates on a muscle and functions to attach a muscle to a bone providing movement and stability of a joint. (lugapodestamd.com)
Tissue1
  • Once the organism enters the epidural space, hyperemia and fibrin deposition occurs, followed by collection of purulent material and development of chronic granulation and fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
Soft tissues1
  • Ligaments are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach bones to bones. (medicinenet.com)
Separates1
  • There are four fibrous septa: Falx cerebri, that separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. (wikipedia.org)
Synovial1
  • A bursa injection is carried out by delivering local anesthetic and steroid medications into specific synovial fluid filled fibrous sacs which are adjacent to joints in the body often under ultrasound guidance. (chicagopwi.com)
Anaesthesia1
  • Anaesthetic agents are instilled into this space to produce epidural anaesthesia. (pediagenosis.com)
Anesthetic1
  • An epidural is an injection used as an anesthetic to dull or eliminate pain in general or for a specific procedure, such as pregnancy. (humanhealthlink.com)
Intracranial1
  • Head Injuries and Intracranial Hemorrhage Extradural (epidural) hemorrhage is arterial in origin. (gov.gy)
Compression1
  • Clinical presentation of an acute anterior compartment syndrome includes pain with passive toe flexion, some weakness of toe extension, and diminished sensation in the first web space because of deep peroneal nerve compression. (medscape.com)
Outer1
  • An outer ring called the annulus contains crisscrossing fibrous bands sort of like the tire tread. (atlantainjurylawblog.com)
Joints1
  • The joint capsule becomes more fibrous, the space between joints shrinks, swelling occurs and osteophytes are produced. (yourhealthmagazine.net)
Pain7
  • Relaxation therapy can result in a quicker and more efficient labour and enable her to avoid medications or an epidural anaesthetic for pain relief. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • I have had patients who have learnt the technique of self-hypnosis antenatally and by embracing this in labour have often had quicker and more efficient labours and have been able to avoid medications or epidural anaesthetics for pain relief. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • An epidural usually results in a pain free labour and childbirth experience. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • Most women who request an epidural do so when they are not coping with pain of labour. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • Because an epidural gives a woman a pain free labour some women request an epidural at the onset of pain. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • Some women request an epidural and then induction of labour as they do not want any pain whatsoever. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
  • As there is no pain after an epidural a woman is more relaxed. (obstetricexcellence.com.au)
Occur1
  • Most commonly SFTs occur in the pleura and less often in extrapleural locations, such as the abdomen, pelvis, and retroperitoneal space. (axisneuromonitoring.com)
Chronic1
  • Patients with a chronic anterior compartment syndrome may have diminished sensation in the first dorsal web space. (medscape.com)
Fluid3
  • In pathological conditions fluid such as blood can fill this space. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its occurrence can complicate the surgery, since the loss of fluid decreases the pressure on the epidural veins, facilitating bleeding. (raftpubs.com)
  • Chest Tube A drainage tube into the intrapleural space to remove air, fluid, or blood with the goal of restoring normal negative pressure and to allow re-expansion of the lung. (nursekey.com)
Joint1
  • joint movements can become painful, the joint space becomes reduced and the joint itself can become enlarged. (brainandspineclinic.com)
Bone1
  • A bone graft, either for a bone bank or from the patient's own hip, is then placed in the space with a metal plate bridging the area. (ufl.edu)