• Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is known as induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS). (gcimagazine.com)
  • Oct-4 (POU5F1) is a transcription factor that is critically involved in the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells, and its expression is commonly used as a marker for pluripotency. (stemcell.com)
  • By adding three genes, they converted those cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have the capability to differentiate into any cell types in the body. (scienceblog.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be generated from various somatic cells and can subsequently be differentiated to multiple cell types of the body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main property that sets ESC apart from other cells is their pluripotent nature, meaning they can give rise/differentiate to cells of the three primary germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
  • Finally, we are making progress in reprogramming adult human fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells and induced NSCs, with the aim to test the importance of longevity genes in this process. (ca.gov)
  • Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that adult stem cells derived from adipose (fat) tissue are more easily and quickly reprogrammable into iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells than are the more commonly used fibroblast (skin) cells. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Specifically, about the paracrine activities of amniotic fluid stem cells, renal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cells as well as other stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view of this we postulated that manipulation of this pathway would have significant impacts on reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition of JNK/SAPK signalling results in reduced cell proliferation, disruption of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and loss of the pluripotent phenotype, which either singly or in combination prevent establishment of pluripotent colonies. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. (asu.edu)
  • They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. (asu.edu)
  • Other research groups such as Masako Tada's group in Japan in 2001 and Chad CowanÆs group in Massachusetts in 2005 combined embryonic stem cells with somatic cells to produce pluripotent cells. (asu.edu)
  • After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
  • Our objective is to produce a cell-based test for LQTS with induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology, which allows adult cells to be "reprogrammed" to be stem cell-like cells. (ca.gov)
  • At first, the mesenchymal stem cell was thought to be the primary component of this undifferentiated cell type, however it is now evident that within the adipose extracellular matrix are also adipocytic precursors (known as progenitor cells) adherent to adipocytes, and in close approximation to a variety of additional undifferentiated multipotent and pluripotent cells, including pericytes and endothelial cells, all thought to play important roles in mesenchymal-stromal derived tissue regeneration. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • These conditionally reprogrammed epithelial cells indicated markers of adult stem cells, but not of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, and appeared to consist of cell populations resembling their main tissue of source, making them ideal to study tissue regeneration, as well as normal physiologic and pathologic processes [8]. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent but not pluripotent, which means they can differentiate into some, or "multiple," but not all tissue types. (vin.com)
  • Using this type of direct conversion approach rather than making them from induced pluripotent stem cells, where they revert into a naïve state, helps to retain the epigenetic age of the patient in the generated interneurons. (lu.se)
  • Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. (lu.se)
  • The resulting cells are nonproliferating and present an alternative to induced pluripotent stem cells for obtaining patient- and disease-specific neurons to be used for disease modeling and for development of cell therapy. (lu.se)
  • article{4b5db5d0-c1b6-463c-9ca2-f61b01429744, abstract = {{Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. (lu.se)
  • Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)
  • No evidence of tumour formation was observed in the transplanted animals, a major concern when utilising a pluripotent cell source. (lu.se)
  • Our most recent initiative is having established a platform for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (lu.se)
  • Wisoo Shin is lead author on a paper published in Developmental Cell on dermal skin cells. (ucalgary.ca)
  • But a study from the University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) has found that it's actually a small population of specialized cells within the hair follicle called fibroblasts, and the dermal stem cells that maintain them, that may cause hair loss. (ucalgary.ca)
  • In a paper published in Developmental Cell , Dr. Jeff Biernaskie, PhD, and his team, led by graduate student Wisoo Shin (pictured above), demonstrate that with increasing age, these dermal stem cells become dysfunctional and lose their ability to self-renew. (ucalgary.ca)
  • If we ever want to prevent hair loss from happening or resurrect hair growth once you start to lose your hair, we need to focus on maintaining the function of these hair follicle dermal stem cells," says Biernaskie, associate professor of comparative biology and experimental medicine at UCVM, and the Calgary Firefighters Burn Treatment Society Chair in Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing. (ucalgary.ca)
  • A loss of dermal stem cells prevents production of new fibroblasts and so the population can't be maintained. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Jeff Biernaskie's team discovered that hair follicle dermal stem cells may be responsible for hair loss. (ucalgary.ca)
  • We found that with the hair follicle dermal stem cells, not only are the numbers declining, but their ability to acquire certain functions is also impaired. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Xu and his team, which includes researchers from Penn's departments of Dermatology and Biology, as well as the New Jersey Institute of Technology, started with human skin cells called dermal fibroblasts. (scienceblog.com)
  • When they mixed those cells with mouse follicular inductive dermal cells and grafted them onto the skin of immunodeficient mice, they produced functional human epidermis (the outermost layers of skin cells) and follicles structurally similar to human hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
  • First, a hair follicle contains epithelial cells - a cell type that lines the body's vessels and cavities - as well as a specific kind of adult stem cell called dermal papillae. (scienceblog.com)
  • Xu and his team mixed iPSC-derived EpSCs and mouse dermal cells to generate hair follicles to achieve the growth of the follicles. (scienceblog.com)
  • We need to figure out a way to also make new dermal papillae cells, and no one has figured that part out yet. (scienceblog.com)
  • iPS were generated via a platelet lysate or fetal bovine serum-based culturing protocol from matched dermal, buccal and gingival human fibroblasts, isolated from healthy donors ( n = 2) after informed consent, via episomal plasmid transfection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, oral fibroblasts generally required more attempts for successful iPS generation as opposed to dermal fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oral fibroblasts generally proved to be more difficult to reprogram than dermal fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Xeno-free dermal, buccal and gingival fibroblasts can successfully generate iPS with a comparable genotype/phenotype to their xenogenic counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There has been one previous report showing that overexpression of Sirt6 in aged human dermal fibroblasts could improve iPS generation via regulation of miR-766 transcription [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • Secondly, we have developed an all-in-one vector-based strategy to convert adult human dermal fibroblasts directly from Huntington's disease (HD) patients and control individuals into induced neurons (iNs). (lu.se)
  • It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
  • More attempts were generally required to successfully reprogram xeno-free fibroblasts to iPS, as compared to xenogenic cultured fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying this essential factor not only helps us understand the biology of adult germline stem cells but could also allow us to one day reprogram somatic cells, like a type of skin cell called fibroblasts, to become germline stem cells, essentially creating a gamete in a petri dish. (justcarehealth.com)
  • Not only can we start with a lot of cells, we can reprogram them much more efficiently. (cellmedicine.com)
  • They are more embryonic-like than fibroblasts, which take more effort to reprogram. (cellmedicine.com)
  • The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
  • By viral expression of neural fate determinants, it is possible to directly reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into functional neurons, also known as induced neurons. (lu.se)
  • We procure skin biopsies from patients, reprogram fibroblasts from these into stem cells, i.e., iPSC, which are then differentiated into insulin-producing beta-like cells. (lu.se)
  • Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
  • In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two reports appeared as advance online publications in the top British journal Nature , accompanied by a news report that begins, "The hyped ability of adult stem cells to sprout replacement tissue types is being called into question. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • A team led by scientists from The Scripps Research Institute has developed a method that dramatically improves the efficiency of creating stem cells from human adult tissue, without the use of embryonic cells. (x-journals.com)
  • The hope of most researchers in the field is that one day it will be possible to use stem cells - which possess the ability to develop into many other distinct cell types, such as nerve, heart, or lung cells - to repair damaged tissue from any number of diseases, from Type 1 diabetes to Parkinson's disease, as well as from injuries. (x-journals.com)
  • The creation of iPS cells from adult cells sidesteps ethical concerns associated with the use of embryonic stem cells, and allows the generation of stem cells matched to a patient's own immune system, avoiding the problem of tissue rejection. (x-journals.com)
  • He decided he would focus his efforts on manipulating a naturally occurring process in cells, in particular in a type of adult cell called fibroblasts, which give rise to connective tissue. (x-journals.com)
  • This is a really important study in highlighting how aging impacts tissue-resident stem cells and the molecular changes behind this degenerative process. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Adult (or tissue-specific) stem cells reside in many different organs and play important roles in maintaining the integrity of those tissues," says Shin, the lead author of the paper and an Alberta Innovates MD PhD scholar. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Their findings indicate that postmortem tissue may be a potential source of multipotent stem cells, with a variety of uses and applications. (salk.edu)
  • Previous attempts to recover progenitor cells from adult tissue had failed, but the Gage laboratory applied growth factors to extracted tissue that appear to have made a crucial difference. (salk.edu)
  • Tissue from older individuals yielded fewer proliferating cells. (salk.edu)
  • This study employed a pool of cells from extracted tissue," said Gage. (salk.edu)
  • In addition to isolating single cells in order to determine if true stem cells are present in adult brain tissue, Gage also plans to transplant recovered cells into animals to test if the cells can survive and differentiate in vivo. (salk.edu)
  • Testing in whole animals is the only way to know if adult tissue can be a source of stem or progenitor cells for transplant purposes to treat neurodegenerative disease," said Gage. (salk.edu)
  • An adult source of stem cells would circumvent the need to derive such cells from fetal tissue, currently an issue of ethical debate. (salk.edu)
  • This extract stabilises the skin hydration and rejuvenates adult stem cells in the dermis by prolonging tissue youth. (indulge.nz)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The general underlying strategy behind the development of tissue engineered organ substitutes is the utilization of a combination of cells, biomaterials, and biochemical cues intended to recreate the natural organ environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this review is to highlight current bioengineering approaches for salivary gland tissue engineering and the adult stem cell sources used for this purpose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article is intended to provide a review of the most current approaches to utilizing stem cells and bioengineering principles for the purpose of salivary tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
  • Satellite cells exist in quiescence in the muscle tissue and only become activated following an insult. (sun.ac.za)
  • As a number of previous, independently conducted studies have already demonstrated, adult stem cells derived from adipose tissue are highly versatile, not only for their ability to differentiate into a wide variety of tissue types, but also for the rich and abundant supply of natural growth factors that are found in adipose tissue, which are essential for maintaining the potency of stem cells. (cellmedicine.com)
  • As a Stanford representative explained in the initial press release, 'The new iPS cells passed the standard tests for pluripotency: they formed tumors called teratomas when injected into immunocompromised mice, and they could differentiate into cells from the 3 main tissue types in the body, including neurons, muscle and gut epithelium. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches aim to take advantage of the repopulating ability and plasticity of multipotent stem cells to regenerate lost or diseased tissue. (tau.ac.il)
  • Stem cell therapy is an exciting and upcoming branch of tissue engineering with application in the field of orthopaedics. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Initial studies indicate an immense potential for cell based strategies to enhance current orthopaedic approaches in skeletal tissue reconstruction. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Nevertheless, stem cell based tissue engineering in orthopaedics shows a promising future. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Amidst this, tissue engineering using stem cells has emerged as a hot topic of research and is a promising alternative to the traditional techniques of bone grafting. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • The search for new therapies to restore the structural integrity of the periodontium, destroyed by the progression of periodontal disease, has gained new perspectives with the advance in stem cell research and tissue bioengineering. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to the embryo, stem cells are also found in various organs and tissues of adult individuals, where they take part in tissue homeostasis, generating new cells owing to physiological renewal and opening new perspectives for regenerating and recovering tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The idea that these cells are present in the periodontal ligament is based on the repairing capacity of these cells, given that they can be differentiated in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, fibroblasts and conjunctive tissue components. (bvsalud.org)
  • PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
  • Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • One explanation for deficient repair is when undifferentiated adult stem repair cells are inadequate in number or cannot be stimulated within the damaged tissue site. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • With improved understanding of tissue healing and regeneration, stem cell Prolotherapy is gaining significant clinical importance and potential. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
  • Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
  • Bone marrow is the soft, spongy, gelatinous tissue found in the hollow spaces in the interior of bones. (medscape.com)
  • 1] The average weight of this tissue is about 4% of the total body weight, or 2.6 kg in an adult weighing 65 kg. (medscape.com)
  • Bone marrow consists of stem cells, which are large, "primitive," undifferentiated cells supported by fibrous tissue called stroma. (medscape.com)
  • There are 2 main types of stem cells and, therefore, the bone marrow consists of 2 types of cellular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Medullary epithelial cells (mTEC), in conjunction with dendritic cells, then take over control of developing thymocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140-200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and increases in growth of 155-171% of normal human epithelial cells. (researchgate.net)
  • The lung is a complex organ composed of many types of epithelial cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and stromal cells. (stemcell.com)
  • The alveolar epithelium is lined with type I and II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). (stemcell.com)
  • Co-culture of human being main epithelial cells with irradiated 3T3 fibroblast feeder cells (J2 cells) and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) allows for the unrestricted growth of cells of epithelial source by the process termed conditional reprogramming. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Recently, this co-culture technique was altered to include epithelial cells from prostate, buy Dihydrotanshinone I breast, trachea, liver and lung, wherein the use of J2 cells and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) resulted in the quick reprogramming of cells into immortalized karyotype-stable ethnicities [6, 7]. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • 4,6,7 It has been proposed that some of these MSC may actually differentiate into functional renal tubular epithelial cells, though this theory remains controversial. (vin.com)
  • F urther complicating matters, human ES cells are typically co-cultured with feeder layers of mouse fibroblast cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • The researchers added all of the twenty-four retroviral factors at the same time into mouse fibroblast cells. (asu.edu)
  • The epithelial stem cells, when implanted into immunocompromised mice, regenerated the different cell types of human skin and hair follicles, and even produced structurally recognizable hair shaft, raising the possibility that they may eventually enable hair regeneration in people. (scienceblog.com)
  • Lactic Acid (0.5%) - Lactic acid encourages faster shedding of the upper skin cells for new cell regeneration. (indulge.nz)
  • To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are fundamental in embryonic development but also in adult skeletal muscle regeneration from injury or pathology. (sun.ac.za)
  • These data define a unique phenotype for adult kidney-derived cells, which have potential as stem cells and may contribute to the regeneration of injured kidneys. (tau.ac.il)
  • This literature review aims to discuss the identifying of stem cells in the periodontal ligament, in light of the interest in the regenerative potential of these cells and in their applicability for periodontal regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Current knowledge about the identity and function of these stem cell compartments has been largely drawn from a variety of transgenic and spontaneously mutated mouse models that are characterized by rapid rates of aging or have been used to examine regeneration from injury in the context of natural or accelerated aging. (karger.com)
  • In this review, we will present current data on lung aging and lung regeneration, with specific attention paid to stem cell-driven regeneration within the context of aging. (karger.com)
  • They found that the spontaneous mutation frequency in ES cells is 100-fold lower than that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (a somatic cell line), which is similar to adult cells in vivo . (i-sis.org.uk)
  • This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
  • The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. (news-medical.net)
  • Together these data provide new evidence for an indispensable role for JNK/SAPK signalling to overcome the well-established molecular barriers in human somatic cell induced reprogramming. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • Most studies investigating satellite cells in vitro use already activated satellite cells, called myoblasts. (sun.ac.za)
  • Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • Through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, microarray analysis, in vitro differentiation assays, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a model of ischemic kidney injury, this study sought to identify and characterize multipotent organ stem/progenitor cells in the adult kidney. (tau.ac.il)
  • In vitro, they are plastic adherent and slowly proliferating and result in inhibition of alloreactive CD8 + T cells, indicative of an immuneprivileged behavior. (tau.ac.il)
  • The most commonly used type of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be easily isolated from bone marrow or synovium and cultured in vitro . (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • We developed a unique in vitro system of cultured seminiferous tubules to assess the ability of factors from the seminiferous tubules to regulate the proliferation of the tubule-associated stem cells, and their subsequent entry into the Leydig cell lineage. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Every cell type has its own unique needs when grown in vitro and stem cells are no exception. (ddw-online.com)
  • The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)
  • In vitro studies using infra-/red light have not shown any useful impact on wound healing by activating cells located in deeper skin layers such as fibroblasts or stem cells [2] . (researchgate.net)
  • Recent advances in isolating epithelial progenitor cells and stromal cells, as well as defining niche factors important for lung development, have led to the establishment of an in vitro 3D lung culture system: pulmonary (lung) organoids. (stemcell.com)
  • Recent progress isolating lung epithelial progenitor and stromal cells, as well as defining stem cell niche factors that are important for lung development, has led to the establishment of an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture system: lung organoids 2 , also known as airway organoids or pulmonary organoids. (stemcell.com)
  • The recent development of stem cell research and the possibility of generating cells that can be stably and permanently modified in their genome open a broad horizon in the world of in vitro modeling. (wjgnet.com)
  • In addition to the new in vitro systems, in recent years there were also significant advances in the development of new animal models that allows studying the entire cell cycle of human malaria. (wjgnet.com)
  • Thanks to recent progresses, stem cells have been extensively employed to study Plasmodium liver and blood cycle in vitro . (wjgnet.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells clearly modulate immune responses, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies. (vin.com)
  • To determine how the pathogenesis of these viruses differs, we compared their ability to induce disease in mice and replicate and induce cell death in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • The cells could be made to differentiate into bone forming cells, cartilage forming cells, fat cells, skeletal muscle cells and endothelial cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • In Putnam's approach, they deliver endothelial cells, which make up the vessel lining and supporting cells. (rdworldonline.com)
  • While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
  • The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
  • In order to address the limits associated with current therapies, many research groups have investigated various regenerative medicine strategies utilizing different stem cell sources to engineer artificial salivary tissues that can mitigate the effects of xerostomia and hyposalivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These latest findings represent a collaboration between the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, where Dr. Longaker is director of surgical research, and two Stanford institutes, namely Stanford's Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, where Dr. Longaker is deputy director, and the Cardiovascular Institute of Stanford, where Dr. Wu is assistant professor of cardiology and radiology. (cellmedicine.com)
  • According to Dr. Ning Sun, who participated in the research at the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and in reference to adipose-derived adult stem cells, 'These cells are not as far along on the differentiation pathway, so they're easier to back up to an earlier state. (cellmedicine.com)
  • The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
  • Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state. (lu.se)
  • Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • But, although the mutation frequency of genes was much lower in ES cells, mutant ES cells accumulated with time in culture. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • These four genes then produced transcription factors turning on and off other genes, and pushing the cell to "dedifferentiate" into stem cells. (x-journals.com)
  • In the paper, the researchers demonstrated that they could use purified proteins to transform adult cells all the way back to the most primitive embryonic-like cells, avoiding the problems associated with inserting genes. (x-journals.com)
  • Shin compared fibroblasts from different aged animals - young, middle-aged and older - to understand which particular genes are changing with advanced age and how they might contribute to the cell dysfunction. (ucalgary.ca)
  • With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
  • What's more, the process Xu used to create iPSCs involves genetic modification of human cells with genes encoding oncogenic proteins and so needs more refinement. (scienceblog.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • We are interested in the importance of genes that regulate organismal longevity in the control of the reservoir of neural stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • In the past year, we have made extensive progress in characterizing the interaction between Foxo3 and specific chromatin states at target genes in adult neural stem cells, which provides us with a mechanistic view onto how longevity genes can affect specific networks of target genes in neural stem cells in adult organisms. (ca.gov)
  • Ordinarily, iPS cells are derived from fibroblasts via 4 genes that are used for the reprogramming and which are known as Yamanaka factors, named after Dr. Shinya Yamanaka who first developed the technique. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Adipose-derived adult stem cells express higher levels of 2 of these 4 reprogramming genes, and when all 4 genes are added to the cells, Dr. Longaker and his colleagues discovered that only 0.01% of the fibroblast cells become iPS cells, whereas 0.2% of the fat cells become iPS cells, which represents a 20-fold improvement in the process. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Global gene profiling reveals enrichment for many genes downstream of developmental signaling molecules and self-renewal pathways, such as TGF-β/bone morphogenic protein, Wnt, or fibroblast growth factor, as well as for those that are involved in specification of mesodermal lineages (myocyte enhancer factor 2A, YY1-associated factor 2, and filamin-β). (tau.ac.il)
  • The finding, which was reported in the journal Genes and Development , adds another entity to the handful of stem cell renewal factors that have already been identified by scientists. (health-innovations.org)
  • The team found that DOT1L appeared to be regulating a gene family known as Hoxc, transcription factors that play significant roles in regulating the expression of a host of other genes. (health-innovations.org)
  • They used retroviruses to insert each of the twenty-four genes into the chromosomes of differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (asu.edu)
  • If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
  • The standard tests for LQTS use animal models or hamster cells that express human heart genes at high levels. (ca.gov)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • siRNA screening The siRNA library to assess factors secreted by J2 cells was comprised of 332 fully annotated genes based on the 3T3 cell transcriptome in GEO database "type":"entrez-geo","attrs":"text":"GSM1348503″,"term_id":"1348503″GSM1348503. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • In this study, we show that transplanted human fibroblasts and human astrocytes, which are engineered to express inducible forms of neural reprogramming genes, convert into neurons when reprogramming genes are activated after transplantation. (lu.se)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • The insulin-producing cells that we can make from these patients can then be used to understand the mechanisms by which these risk genes cause dysfunction of beta-cells. (lu.se)
  • Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By chance, the researchers discovered DOT1L's function in stem cell self-renewal. (justcarehealth.com)
  • a number of lines of research suggested a connection between DOT1L and a lack of stem cell self-renewal. (justcarehealth.com)
  • These transcription factors probably contribute to the stem cell self-renewal process. (justcarehealth.com)
  • Longer term objectives include employing DOT1L and other germline stem cell self-renewal factors to assist individuals with reproductive issues. (justcarehealth.com)
  • The self-renewal and proliferative nature of stem cells raised the hope to fight against various diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To qualify as stem cells, self-renewal has to be shown as well [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • This crucial role for DOT1L places it in rarefied company as one of just a handful of known stem cell self-renewal factors, a Penn Vet team found. (health-innovations.org)
  • The function of DOT1L in stem cell self-renewal was accidentally discovered by the researchers. (health-innovations.org)
  • But various lines of evidence supported the link between DOT1L and a failure of stem cell self-renewal. (health-innovations.org)
  • A longer-term goal is to use factors like DOT1L and others involved in germline stem cell self-renewal to help people who have fertility challenges. (health-innovations.org)
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
  • A stem cell is a generic term referring to any unspecialized cell that is capable of long-term self-renewal through cell division but that can be induced to differentiate into a specialized, functional cell. (vin.com)
  • Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
  • Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • To gain pluripotency, the reprogramming process typically involves transfecting adult somatic cells with certain pluripotency markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In other words, the newly derived cells are not yet ready for clinical use, since the formation of teratomas (tumors) remains a disqualifying trait, albeit a formal requirement of pluripotency, by definition. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Reprogramming of somatic cells to the phenotypic state termed "induced pluripotency" is thought to occur through three consecutive stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, these cells are enriched for β1-integrin, are cytokeratin negative, and show minimal expression of surface markers that typically are found on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (tau.ac.il)
  • Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These germ layers generate each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Britain s House of Lords final approval of therapeutic human cloning and embryonic stem cells research has intensified the battle for ascendancy between adult and embryonic stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • This is the first example in human cells of how reprogramming speed can be accelerated. (x-journals.com)
  • In addition to its significant practical advantages, the development of the technique deepens the understanding of the biology behind the transformation of adult human cells into stem cells. (x-journals.com)
  • The creation of human iPS cells was first announced in December 2007 by two labs, one in Japan and another in Wisconsin. (x-journals.com)
  • Researchers have developed a new technique for creating human embryonic stem cells by fusing adult somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
  • In the studies published in Science, the researchers combined human fibroblast cells with human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. (news-medical.net)
  • One of the key findings from the study was that the fusion cells have the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • So, while this does not obviate the need for human oocytes, it demonstrates that this general approach of cell fusion is an interesting one that should be further explored. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)
  • Many companies offer plant stem cells, but they are not like human stem cells and do not provide any of the benefits of human stem cells. (gcimagazine.com)
  • Human stem cells are primarily being harvested from adults and have, therefore, become less controversial than in the past. (gcimagazine.com)
  • This process can match the amino acids, creating a bioidentical version, but it cannot mimic the three-dimensionality of human cell-derived growth factors. (gcimagazine.com)
  • Arguably, the fact that included in the 150 growth factors and cytokines made by human cells are cancer-fighting factors, it can be assumed that they provide the balance the skin needs to reverse aging without amplifying the cancer risk. (gcimagazine.com)
  • Activation of OCT4 enhances ex vivo expansion of human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by regulating HOXB4 expression. (stemcell.com)
  • Comparison of the gene expression patterns of the human iPSC-derived epithelial stem cells with epithelial stem cells obtained from human hair follicles showed that the team had succeeded in producing the cells they set out to make in the first place. (scienceblog.com)
  • That said, iPSC-derived epithelial stem cells are not yet ready for use in human subjects, Xu adds. (scienceblog.com)
  • La Jolla, CA - Salk Institute scientists have isolated cells from the brains of human cadavers that can grow, divide and form specialized classes of brain cells. (salk.edu)
  • The study was done in collaboration with Phillip Schwartz and Stuart Stein at Children's Hospital of Orange County, Calif. The study, titled "Progenitor cells grown from postmortem human brain," was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Aging, the Lookout Fund and the Christopher Reeves Paralysis Foundation. (salk.edu)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • The cytotoxic activity of novel thiazolinylphenyl-piperazines (2a-c) and corresponding N-acetyl derivatives (3a-c) against human prostate and breast cancer cell lines (LNCAP, DU-145 and PC-3, MCF-7, SKBR-3 and MDA-MB231) was investigated according to the procedure described in the literature. (bvsalud.org)
  • We discovered that Foxo3, a transcription factor that has been implicated in human exceptional longevity, is important for regulating the neural stem cell pool pool. (ca.gov)
  • We tested what native features have been preserved with a new culture protocol for adult human RPE. (arvojournals.org)
  • We cultured RPE from adult human eyes. (arvojournals.org)
  • Confluent monolayers of adult human RPE cultures exhibit characteristics of native RPE. (arvojournals.org)
  • The scientists also found that adipose cells are convertible into iPS cells without the need for mouse-derived feeder cells, thereby eliminating the risk of cross-species contamination that would render the cells ineligible for human clinical use. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
  • We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • It turned out that cells in human fibroblast culture live for a limited time under good conditions and are able to double approximately 50±10 times, and this number was called the Hayflick limit [6, 7]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells, and in particular human embryonic stem (ES) cells, have earned a reputation for being labour intensive and difficult to grow and control in culture. (ddw-online.com)
  • Several growth factors have been identified that promote growth of human ES cells in culture, most notably basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (ddw-online.com)
  • However, the use of bFGF for human ES cell culture, particularly at the high levels used by some for 'feeder-free' culture, must be considered carefully, as bFGF may drive ES cells towards differentiation. (ddw-online.com)
  • Xeno-free media that do not rely upon high levels of bFGF have been developed that contain only humanised or synthetic components and are engineered to support the undifferentiated growth and expansion of human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Use of progenitor cell lines can eliminate the need to culture challenging human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • For example, neural progenitor cells derived from a human ES cell line are easily propagated and require less handling than human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • The researchers found that the solution with no support cells and the one with the lung fibroblasts produced immature, misshapen human capillaries that leaked. (rdworldonline.com)
  • On the other hand, the solutions with both types of adult stem cells gave rise to robust human capillaries that kept blood and dye inside them. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Adult human bone marrow (BM) is the major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for cell-based therapies. (journalcra.com)
  • And hence, this study suggests that human bone marrow is a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells that could be differentiated in to ccardiomyocytes and used for cell based therapies for treating various cardiovascular diseases. (journalcra.com)
  • Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
  • In this paper, we review the different protocols available to study human Plasmodium species either by using stem cell or alternative animal models. (wjgnet.com)
  • Unfortunately, cardiac physiology in animal models (rabbits and dogs) differs from that in humans, and hamster cells lack many key features of human heart cells. (ca.gov)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be differentiated into heart cells, but we do not know the culture conditions that would make the assay most similar to LQTS in a living person. (ca.gov)
  • These problems could be solved if we had a method to grow human heart cells from people with genetic LQTS mutations, so that we know the exact test conditions that would reflect the human disease. (ca.gov)
  • Our long-term goal is to develop a panel of iPS cell lines that better represent the genetic diversity of the human population. (ca.gov)
  • Using gene manifestation profiling, practical siRNA library testing and reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA), we buy Dihydrotanshinone I found that J2 cells and Y produced a cooperative effect on human being foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs), which resulted in suppression of TGF- signaling juxtaposed with up-regulation of changes in cell cycle progression, cell adhesion and motility. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Materials and Methods Cells Human being keratinocytes were cultured from discarded and de-identified neonatal foreskin cells. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Stem cell therapy in particular is an innovative new field of scientific investigation and clinical application that holds promise for a variety of diseases in veterinary medicine as well as human medicine. (vin.com)
  • Taken together, our data provide proof of principle that direct neural conversion can take place in the adult rodent brain when using transplanted human cells or endogenous mouse cells as a starting cell for neural conversion. (lu.se)
  • Overall, our findings highlight the importance of TEs as regulatory agents and their dynamic activity during development, adult life, and disease in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed two methods for the investigation of human neural cells in culture. (lu.se)
  • We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)
  • This study provides a comprehensive network model of IAV infection in human cells, identifying functional host targets for pan-viral HDT. (cdc.gov)
  • Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical found in human and animal cartilage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If he could manipulate such a fundamental process to encourage MET and the formation of stem cells, Ding reasoned, such a method would be both safer and more direct than hijacking other aspects of biology, for example those directly involved in cancer. (x-journals.com)
  • The cells derived from these tissues constitute a model system for studying the brain cell biology of these disorders, according to Gage. (salk.edu)
  • Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • 11 ] first proved that astrocytes within adult hippocampus are able to accelerate the proliferation of stem cells and instruct them to become neurons. (degruyter.com)
  • Astrocytes were also found to be critical for right pathfinding of axons. (degruyter.com)
  • The adult brain contains reservoirs of neural stem cells that are critical for the formation of new neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in the adult brain. (ca.gov)
  • Neither the title of the paper, nor the abstract mentioned that in the experiment, five out of 25 rats receiving the transplant died with "teratoma-like tumors" in their brains, a well-known hazard of ES cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • abstract = "Testicular Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone in males. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Enhances the reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts transfected with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC (Li et al. (stemcell.com)
  • Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic Oct4-GFP reporter mice with or without Sirt6 were used for reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)
  • For most studies, the adult stem cell in question is actually a mesenchymal stem cell or mesenchymal stromal cell. (vin.com)
  • This time, there were twenty-two cell colonies that showed a resistance to G418, meaning that there were colonies in which the cells exhibited embryonic stem cell properties. (asu.edu)
  • They may instead be fusing with existing cells, creating genetically mixed-up tissues with unknown health effects" [1]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • It is an effective treatment in helping to regenerate damaged skin tissues and increasing the cell renewal process. (indulge.nz)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • These cell populations or adult stem cells have been easily identified by their morphology and location in a the of tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
  • Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Recognition of the vast number of undifferentiated cells associated with the stromal vascular fraction has resulted in extensive research demonstrating the heterogeneity of such cells, and their ability to participate in production of all mesodermal-derived tissues. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Recent years have brought increased interest in the potential for adult stem cells to help in the treatment of many diseases through both their regenerative properties as well as their apparent ability to alter the environment in injured and diseased tissues. (vin.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be obtained from many differentiated tissues including but not limited to bone marrow, bone, fat, and muscle. (vin.com)
  • When the oxygen content of body tissues is low, if there is loss of blood or anemia, or if the number of red blood cells decreases, the kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • We found that loss of function of Sirt6 could significantly decrease reprogramming efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And later both our group and others reported that Sirt1 can promote the efficiency of reprogramming and maintain characteristics of iPS cell [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reprogramming somatic cells to become spermatogonial stem cells is one of the steps. (justcarehealth.com)
  • Nevertheless, as Dr. Longaker explains, 'The idea of reprogramming a cell from your body to become anything your body needs is very exciting. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Lineage Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Proliferative Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells by Defined Factors. (mtsu.edu)
  • Accordingly, we found that key components of the JNK/SAPK signalling pathway increase expression as early as day 3 of the reprogramming process and continue to rise in reprogrammed cells throughout the initiation and maturation stages. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Using both chemical inhibitors and RNA interference of MKK4, MKK7 and JNK1, we tested the role of JNK/SAPK signalling during the initiation stage of neonatal and adult fibroblast reprogramming. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Yamanaka claimed that Gurdon's work in reprogramming mature cells in frogs ( Xenopus ) in 1962 influenced his own work in reprogramming differentiated cells. (asu.edu)
  • It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. (lu.se)
  • Recent breakthroughs in reprogramming differentiated cells loops. (lu.se)
  • A computational model of master regulators that are required for successful reprogramming the dynamics of this core network has revealed that it functions as of a differentiated cell into a cell exhibiting stem cell like a bistable switch, which in the on state, corresponds to all these properties. (lu.se)
  • The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
  • In conclusion, using clones that were distinctly different as assessed by the comparative index, this thesis illuminates that the two FGF family members investigated, act on cell cycle in different ways, thus would influence their utilization in experimental or therapeutic applications. (sun.ac.za)
  • Due to the ease with which adipose-derived adult stem cells can differentiate into bone, cartilage and muscle, these cells have already been routinely used in clinical veterinary therapies for years by companies such as Vet-Stem in the U.S. and VetCell in the U.K., both of whom have already repeatedly published detailed accounts of the therapeutic value of adipose-derived adult stem cells in the medical literature. (cellmedicine.com)
  • In order to find more promising treatments to stimulate renal repair, stem cell-based technology has been proposed as a potentially therapeutic option. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So as a new therapeutic approach, stem cells are under research with a focus on reducing the burden of several kidney diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of mouse feeder layers and animal serum are particularly problematic in the culturing of stem cells for possible therapeutic applications. (ddw-online.com)
  • 1, 2 Recently, Prolotherapists have begun to utilize the potential of autologous adipose (fat)-derived stem/stromal cells (AD-SC) within non-manipulated fat graft scaffolding, combined with high-density PRP concentrates (HD-PRP) to provide a potent biological therapeutic combination. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Some in vivo transplantation studies have reported robust (35-50%) levels of transdifferentiation, which makes it unlikely that the results are due to cell fusion events. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
  • Smith and Broxmeyer, 1986), thereby making it a potential source of cells for transplantation (Bodger, 1987). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Accumulated data indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be effective under optimal conditions in preventing the progression of central nervous system symptoms in neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases (such as Krabbe disease), including some of the mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, and lipidoses as well as peroxisome disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • Although longitudinal natural history data are limited, published guidelines are available to assist with decisions related to the pursuit of transplantation and whether to use bone marrow or umbilical cord blood-derived cells. (medscape.com)
  • Some evidence indicates that at least in certain disorders, combination ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation together might be superior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation alone in patients who are appropriate candidates. (medscape.com)
  • The availability of both ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has prompted ongoing consideration of newborn screening efforts to diagnose lysosomal storage diseases. (medscape.com)
  • This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
  • We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • We found they could be induced to mature into nerve cells, hair follicles, muscle cells and gut endoderm cells. (news-medical.net)
  • One potential approach to reversing hair loss uses stem cells to regenerate the missing or dying hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
  • They then converted the iPS cells into epithelial stem cells, normally found at the bulge of hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
  • This is the first time anyone has made scalable amounts of epithelial stem cells that are capable of generating the epithelial component of hair follicles," Xu says. (scienceblog.com)
  • Adult Leydig cells have been shown to arise from stem cells present in the neonatal testis. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • As in the neonatal testis, stem cells in the adult testis are presumed to be the source of the new Leydig cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • Even the use of stem cells in plastic surgery is primarily with the hope that they will become growth factor production cells, such as fibroblasts or macrophages. (gcimagazine.com)
  • Research has shown that too much epidermal growth factor (EGF), for example, may push precancerous cells to become cancerous. (gcimagazine.com)
  • These factors include FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) and cystatin C, which were added to the culture medium that bathed the cells. (salk.edu)
  • The proliferation of the stem Leydig cells was stimulated by paracrine factors including Desert hedgehog (DHH), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and activin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Kim and Morshead, 2003), and the fibroblast that SSEA4 associated with CD133 can be used for growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (Cai et al. (lu.se)
  • For that reason, many researchers believe stem cells offer promise for creating populations of specialized cells that can be used to rejuvenate organs, such as the pancreas or heart, that are damaged by disease or trauma. (news-medical.net)
  • In this review, we cover how the non-epithelial compartment of thymic stroma represent essential cell populations in regulating thymus function. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
  • In the first report [2], researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford took cells from the mouse brain marked with transgene 1, and cultured them together with ES cells marked with a second transgene, 2. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • These researchers pointed out that the spontaneous fusion rate (without interleukin-3) was extremely low, between 2-11 per million bone marrow cells, and is unlikely to account for all the findings with adult stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The researchers identified the most active compounds, then looked at their effects on stem cell creation when used singly and in combination. (x-journals.com)
  • The researchers found two chemicals - ALK5 inhibitor SB43142 and MEK inhibitor PD0325901 - used in combination were highly effective in promoting the transformation of fibroblasts into stem cells. (x-journals.com)
  • For decades, researchers studying aging and hair loss have focused on keratinocytes, the cells that make up the bulk of the hair follicle and eventually give rise to the hair fibre. (ucalgary.ca)
  • In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers were also able to further confirmed that fusion occurred by studying the chromosomal makeup of the fused cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Still, he notes that stem-cell researchers are developing more workarounds, including strategies using only chemical agents. (scienceblog.com)
  • In a second experiment, the researchers looked at what would happen if DOT1L was inactivated in germ cells throughout adulthood rather than at birth. (justcarehealth.com)
  • In particular, the researchers found that the mice experienced a sequential loss of the various stages of sperm development, first failing to make spermatogonia and then spermatocytes, followed by round spermatids, and then elongated spermatids. (health-innovations.org)
  • In a further experiment, the researchers observed what happened when DOT1L was inactivated in germ cells not from birth, but during adulthood. (health-innovations.org)
  • To see whether the same mechanism was responsible for the results Wang and his team had observed in sperm development, the researchers treated spermatogonial stem cells with a chemical that blocks the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L. (health-innovations.org)
  • In reading previously published findings, Putnam noticed that researchers used "a mishmash of support cells," and the field had paid little attention to which ones work best. (rdworldonline.com)
  • And upon further analysis, the researchers found evidence that the adult stem cells may be able to differentiate into the kind of mature, smooth muscle cells that support larger blood vessels. (rdworldonline.com)
  • There is good evidence that similar fibroblasts, or progenitor cells, reside in most organs in the body and so they may undergo similar age-related degeneration to what Wisoo has uncovered in the hair follicle," says Biernaskie. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Within skin, Merkel cells have also been shown to cluster in the basal layers of the interfollicular epidermis in specialized epithelial structures called touch domes, where they are juxtaposed with epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • Secondly, the quiescent state is an integral part of stem cell regulation, therefore choosing the right protocol for inducing quiescence is important. (sun.ac.za)
  • JNK/SAPKs are stress activated MAPK kinases that play an essential role in several processes known to be important for successful completion of the initiation phase such as cellular proliferation, mesenchymal to epithelial transition and cell cycle regulation. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • This is due to irregularities in the regulation of cell division and an increased frequency of mutagenesis in actively dividing cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • We found that the regulation of TE transcription during brain development is essential for the establishment of long-term transcriptional repression carried to adulthood (Paper I and IV). (lu.se)
  • We examined regulation of lipid partioning in beta-cells and its control of insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This population of small cells includes a CD45-negative fraction that lacks hematopoietic stem cell and lineage markers and resides in the renal interstitial space. (tau.ac.il)
  • DHH functioned as a commitment factor, inducing the transition of stem cells to the progenitor stage and thus into the Leydig cell lineage. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Identifying the right cocktail of media conditions, supplements and growth factors that successfully drive stem cells toward a desired lineage on a reproducible basis is a time-consuming, iterative exercise. (ddw-online.com)
  • The key attributes like isolation efficiency, cell yield, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) frequency, phenotypic characteristics, and multi-lineage differentiation capacity were determined for the isolated MSCs from bone marrow specimens. (journalcra.com)
  • Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
  • The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. (frontiersin.org)
  • The production of a diverse αβ-T-cell pool is vital to establishing and maintaining a functional adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
  • When the enzyme DOT1L is not functional, spermatogonial stem cells become exhausted, leading to a failure of sperm cell development. (health-innovations.org)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • But it hasn't been possible to generate sufficient number of hair-follicle-generating stem cells - until now. (scienceblog.com)
  • Starting with procedures other research teams had previously worked out to convert iPSCs into keratinocytes, Xu's team demonstrated that by carefully controlling the timing of the growth factors the cells received, they could force the iPSCs to generate large numbers of epithelial stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
  • Men can continue to generate sperm throughout their adult life, in contrast to women who are born with all the eggs they will ever have. (justcarehealth.com)
  • The idea is to generate germ cells from scratch. (justcarehealth.com)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
  • This study focuses to identify, isolate and characterize the mesenchymal stem cells that are believed to be present in BM. (journalcra.com)
  • We will characterize iPS cells with well-defined mutations that have clinically proven responses to drugs that cause LQTS. (ca.gov)
  • To characterize RSV-associated severity, 5,784 adults aged ≥60 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed RSV, SARS-CoV-2, or influenza infection were prospectively enrolled from 25 hospitals in 20 U.S. states during February 1, 2022-May 31, 2023. (cdc.gov)