• The World Health Organization defines perinatal mortality as the "number of stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life per 1,000 total births, the perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation, and ends seven completed days after birth", but other definitions have been used. (wikipedia.org)
  • It encompasses any death of a fetus after 20 weeks of gestation or 500 gm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some definitions of the PNM early fetal mortality (week 20-27 gestation) is not included, and the PNM may only include late fetal death and neonatal death. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the majority of fetal death tables published by NCHS include only those fetal deaths with stated or presumed gestation of 20 weeks or more (see the Technical Appendix). (cdc.gov)
  • Fetal deaths later in pregnancy (at 20 weeks of gestation or more, or 28 weeks or more, for example) are also sometimes referred to as stillbirths. (cdc.gov)
  • Most states report fetal deaths of 20 weeks of gestation or more and/or 350 grams birthweight. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a few states report fetal deaths for all periods of gestation. (cdc.gov)
  • Cases were identified from fetal death certificates occurring after 20 weeks gestation or infant death within 24 hours after birth. (cdc.gov)
  • When dams are infected between 40-60 days in gestation, fetuses often are killed and some are mummified. (iastate.edu)
  • There may be no effect on fetuses if they are 85 or more days in gestation. (iastate.edu)
  • At 23 weeks of gestation, fetal screening ultrasonography showed two normal umbilical arteries and abnormal bean-like dilation of the umbilical vein (Figure 1 ), which was diagnosed as extra-abdominal UVV. (hindawi.com)
  • At 32 weeks of gestation, edematous enlargement of the UVV and an increase of PSV of the UVV up to 149 cm/s were detected by ultrasonographic echocardiogram (Figure 3 ), and fetal heart rate tracing showed variable deceleration. (hindawi.com)
  • We demonstrated that tolcapone in early gestation caused abortion and delayed fetus development in a dose-dependent manner. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taking tolcapone in mid-gestation barely caused embryo lethality, however, the mice developed preeclampsia-like phenotypes, including maternal hypertension, proteinuria and fetal growth restriction. (biorxiv.org)
  • Administration of tolcapone in animal gestation has been implicated in fetal growth restriction and malformation, however, the studies are rather limited and the pathogenesis is unknown 10 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Why focus on fetal deaths of 20 weeks gestation or more in your report - versus fetal deaths of any and all gestation? (cdc.gov)
  • Because the States typically require reporting of these events, we focused on fetal deaths of 20 weeks gestation or more. (cdc.gov)
  • While there are a few states that report fetal deaths at all gestation periods, consistent national data is found at 20 weeks or more. (cdc.gov)
  • The characteristics of delivery weight and gestation period were different, and for these two, diabetes mellitus emerged, and maternal complications dropped below the top five selected causes for fetuses with longer gestation and heavier delivery weights. (cdc.gov)
  • If the fetus dies in mid or late gestation, sometimes the fluids are resporbed and a mummy results. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Preterm fetuses (67-70% gestation) were subjected to sustained global hypoxia. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Fetuses were allowed to deliver spontaneously at term gestation and then subjected to the neurobehavioral battery before histological analysis of CNS injury. (jneurosci.org)
  • This case of fetal death highlights the risk for complications of orthopoxvirus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 7 ] Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may cause maternal and fetal morbidity, and they remain a leading source of maternal mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Fetal death refers to the spontaneous intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • It is related to miscarriage , which is the death of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. (womens-health.co.uk)
  • Abnormal blood sugar concentrations (high or low) during pregnancy increase the risk of abnormalities in the fetus. (medicinenet.com)
  • Part of this paper was presented at the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine Meeting 39th Annual Pregnancy Meeting, February 11 to 16, Las Vegas, NV. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Many women choose to start pregnancy planning prior to conception so that they may minimize possible toxic exposures to the fetus. (medicinenet.com)
  • The death of the fetus at some time between the 20th week of pregnancy and birth is called stillbirth -- in medical terms, an intrauterine fetal demise. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Pregnancy complications are top-of-mind for many after Kourtney Kardashian revealed she underwent 'urgent fetal surgery' that lead to her husband, Travis Barker , halting his band's tour. (yahoo.com)
  • Signs may occur in fetuses or piglets if their dam was infected during pregnancy. (iastate.edu)
  • Reginald Tucker] Cholera infections during pregnancy are associated with high rates of fetal death, especially when women are severely dehydrated. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the relationship between fetal death and maternal age during cholera has not been documented, younger age is associated with increased risk for other adverse pregnancy outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The relationship between fetal death and trimester of pregnancy is unclear. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnancy in young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) does not often occur, yet the medication in this condition is critical for maternal and fetal health. (biorxiv.org)
  • The antiparkinsonian medications are effective for PD disease control in pregnancy, however, the difficulty is the limited knowledge on safety of medications, with particular regard to the mother's symptom during pregnancy and the potential risk to the fetus 5 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The pregnancy category C means animal studies showed risk to fetus and studies on humans are unavailable, while potential benefits in maternal disease control may outweigh the potential risks to fetus. (biorxiv.org)
  • The results of studies of thousands of pregnancies in the United States and elsewhere, encompassing various ethnic, racial, and cultural groupings, indicate that the fetus and newborn are significantly affected by cigarette smoking during pregnancy. (jrank.org)
  • Maternal smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortions, bleeding during pregnancy, premature rupture of the amniotic sac, and fetal deaths and deaths of newborns. (jrank.org)
  • Alcohol is a teratogen that can cross the placenta during pregnancy to enter the baby's blood, potentially altering the development of the fetus. (bmj.com)
  • Frequent alcohol use early in pregnancy has been linked to congenital malformations of the heart, brain and kidney 1 and fetal death. (bmj.com)
  • 2 Heavy alcohol consumption throughout pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome 3 and has been associated with preterm birth and growth restriction, 4 as well as an increase in the risk of postnatal infection, neonatal mortality and physical and cognitive development. (bmj.com)
  • This opening varies in size and can usually be diagnosed early in fetal development, typically between the tenth and fourteenth weeks of pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because rubella during pregnancy can have dire consequences for the fetus (eg, miscarriage, multiple birth defects), all women of childbearing age, regardless of birth year, should be screened for rubella immunity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • it recently added pregnancy data to its label that shows a statistical increase in birth defects after exposure, though this might be a statistical anomaly as the other signs that it causes fetal harm - pregnancy loss, minor defects, a pattern to the defects - were not found," Dr. Clowse noted. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Shilpi Mehta-Lee, a maternal fetal medicine specialist at NYU Langone Health in New York City who was not involved in the study, commented, "Recent pharmacokinetic data support the findings of this study that (CZP), due to its minimal placental passage, likely has a good safety profile in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • What remains less well understood," said Dr. Mehta-Lee, "is the use of multiple agents and the interactions that these agents may have on each other and therefore pregnancy and fetal outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • If patients are well controlled on other agents prior to pregnancy, they should discuss those specific drugs with a maternal fetal medicine physician prior to conception," she said. (medscape.com)
  • The 1989 revision provides a wide variety of new information on maternal and fetal health characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • The Registration Methods Staff and the Data Acquisition and Evaluation Branch provided consultation to State vital statistics offices regarding collection of fetal death data. (cdc.gov)
  • Questions on complications of labor and delivery and congenital anomalies of fetus were changed from an open-ended question to a checkbox format to improve reporting of information. (cdc.gov)
  • That may present serious fetus complications, fetal death or birth defects which is called congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). (who.int)
  • Umbilical vein varix (UVV) is a very rare cord anomaly associated with intrauterine fetal death and fetal anomaly. (hindawi.com)
  • Umbilical vein varix (UVV), variceal dilatation of the umbilical vein, is one of the rare umbilical anomalies associated with intrauterine fetal death and fetal malformations [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The PNMR refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. (wikipedia.org)
  • despite the fact that there was a 4,250 rise in fetal deaths reports (spontaneous abortions and still births) in the 2009/10 Flu Pandemic. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
  • There is significance to the findings or patterns on fetal heart tracings that are generally recognized as reflecting intrapartum fetal hypoxia and birth asphyxia (in other words, oxygen deprivation). (millerandzois.com)
  • Fetal death may occur due to fetal hypoxia and acidosis resulting from excessive maternal dehydration. (cdc.gov)
  • Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
  • 40 cases have been described in the literature ( 16 ), such as serious consequences to the fetus of vaccinated women, including death or premature birth ( 16 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Birth Data Quality Workgroup (BDQWG) was tasked with reviewing items on the 2003 national standard birth and fetal death data files and determining which, if any, should be cut from the files due to poor data quality and lack of potential for improvement. (cdc.gov)
  • Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death. (wikipedia.org)
  • They can cause birth defects, fetal death, or premature birth. (peacehealth.org)
  • It has been linked to miscarriage, fetal death, decreased birth weight, and other fetal developmental effects. (pirg.org)
  • Most birth injury medical malpractice lawsuits involve interpretation of fetal monitoring strips. (millerandzois.com)
  • It is the rare plaintiff's case that electronic fetal monitoring alone could have prevented the birth injury. (millerandzois.com)
  • So many birth injury malpractice cases are the result of doctors and nurses going to extremes in the face of fetal distress. (millerandzois.com)
  • Some birth defects can threaten a developing fetus. (yahoo.com)
  • The provided data include dead born fetuses with unknown birth weight. (who.int)
  • Dead born fetuses with birth weight unknown are excluded. (who.int)
  • Registrant" means the child entered on a birth certificate, the deceased entered on a death certificate, and the husband or wife entered on a marriage or dissolution of marriage record. (flsenate.gov)
  • Many scientists believe that anything that affects the environment of the fetus can have an effect upon development beginning at conception and not at birth. (jrank.org)
  • fetus/newborn and birth weight group. (cdc.gov)
  • Fetuses with omphalocele may grow slowly before birth (intrauterine growth retardation) and they may be born prematurely. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 2017, CPXV infection of a pregnant woman in France led to the death of her fetus. (cdc.gov)
  • In Canada, the first in-utero spina bifida operation was completed in 2017 at the Ontario Fetal Centre. (yahoo.com)
  • In April 2012, MSF established a CTC to improve fetal outcomes in pregnant women by facilitating intensive follow- up for dehydration and rapid access to obstetric and neonatal services. (cdc.gov)
  • to estimate the burden of parturients, fetuses and neonate 's severe morbidity and mortality and investigate the association between maternal and their conceptus outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • We classified parturients according to obstetric morbidity (OM) in direct, indirect, or mixed, and their outcomes as 1) no severity, 2) severe complication (SC), 3) critical intervention/ Intensive Care Unit , and 4) greater severity -maternal near-miss (MNM) or death . (bvsalud.org)
  • In view of the major contribution of intrapartum risk factors and prematurity to subsequent neurological morbidity and mortality, studies are needed that address the underlying mechanisms of brain injury that occur in utero to the immature and near-term fetal CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • These spontaneous intrauterine deaths are sometimes referred to as stillbirths. (cdc.gov)
  • the status of a woman's immunity to these two infections, which can cause harm to the developing fetus can be determined by a blood test. (medicinenet.com)
  • Rubella , measles , mumps , and chickenpox can harm a growing fetus. (peacehealth.org)
  • NMP exposure puts women of childbearing age and pregnant women at risk of harm to their fetuses. (pirg.org)
  • The death of the fetus within the uterus usually does not jeopardize the mother's health. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Uncommonly, death of the fetus may cause abnormalities of the mother's blood clotting system, but only after the fetus has been dead for several weeks. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The fetus gets oxygen from the mother's oxygenated blood. (millerandzois.com)
  • The severity of the abnormality depends on the amount of the chemical the mother is exposed to, the developmental stage of the fetus, and the period of time over which the mother's exposure to the chemical takes place. (jrank.org)
  • Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ending Newborn Deaths" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium nitroprusside should be reserved for extreme emergencies and used for the shortest amount of time possible because of concerns about cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity in the mother and fetus or newborn, and increased intracranial pressure with potential worsening of cerebral edema in the mother. (medscape.com)
  • Cigarette smoking has already been shown to have dire consequences for the smoker, and it can be hazardous for the fetus and the newborn child. (jrank.org)
  • For minor procedures, surgeons might use ultrasound or fetoscopy, where a small instrument is inserted into the uterus in order to see the fetus. (yahoo.com)
  • These agents gain entrance to the reproductive tract and travel to the uterus, causing infection of the fetal membranes, resulting in abortion. (ontario.ca)
  • If an external event is reported and it is the fetus who received the injury, the instructions for coding external causes on regular mortality data will apply. (cdc.gov)
  • When any type of medical care including drug therapy, surgery, or any other specified type of medical care is reported of the fetus, the instructions for coding external causes on regular mortality data will apply. (cdc.gov)
  • Variations in the precise definition of the perinatal mortality exist, specifically concerning the issue of inclusion or exclusion of early fetal and late neonatal fatalities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fetal mortality refers to stillbirths or fetal death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neonatal mortality refers to death of a live-born baby within the first 28 days of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). (wikipedia.org)
  • Joyce Martin and Donna Hoyert of the Mortality Statistics Branch prepared the Fetal Death Technical Appendix. (cdc.gov)
  • Several new items were added that improve the data file's value for monitoring and research of factors affecting fetal mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated the conceptus as neonatal near-miss (NNM) and fetal and neonatal deaths . (bvsalud.org)
  • The same five causes of fetal death were among the most common selected causes for many maternal characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • Probably that the variations observed across maternal and fetal characteristics are consistent with those documented in other research. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of fetal immaturity and the risk of umbilical blood flow interruption, we hospitalized her after obtaining informed consent and performed ultrasound screening once every two days to obtain a profile of the umbilical cord blood flow and ensure fetal well-being. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusion Fetuses with a rasopathy show in general multiple ultrasound findings. (bmj.com)
  • Rasopathy testing is recommended when the fetus shows an isolated increased NT ≥5.0 mm or when NT of ≥3.5 mm and at least one of the following ultrasound anomalies is present: distended JLS, hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, pleural effusion, ascites, cardiac defects and renal anomalies. (bmj.com)
  • 7-12 It has been previously estimated that mutations in the rasopathy genes are found in 6.7%-19% of fetuses with increased NT and additional anomalies on ultrasound. (bmj.com)
  • Tolcapone is an effective antiparkinsonian drug whereas the safety studies on mother and fetus are rather limited. (biorxiv.org)
  • However in January, Bonta issued a legal interpretation that said the fetal murder law was only intended to criminalize violence done to pregnant women that caused fetal death - not the women themselves. (ktvu.com)
  • 2 Later third-wave feminists countered this argument by honoring the traumatic aspects of abortion for the mother, seeking to establish "the death of the fetus [as] a real death. (e-flux.com)
  • For many years, it was thought that C fetus fetus was generally an intestinal organism, only occasionally caused abortion in cattle, and was not a cause of infertility. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Vibrionic abortion is caused by Campylobacter fetus or Campylobacter jejuni, organisms that live in the intestinal tract. (oregonstate.edu)
  • See WARNINGS, Fetal Toxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Probiotic supplementation of preterm and low birthweight babies during their first month of life can reduce the risk of blood infections, bowel sickness and death in low- and middle-income settings. (wikipedia.org)
  • In animal studies, glimepiride and other sulfonylureas were associated with a higher risk of fetal death. (medicinenet.com)
  • If this message of declining oxygenation status and loss of fetal reserves is not heard, the fetus is at serious risk for experiencing hypoxic-ischemic injury. (millerandzois.com)
  • Severe dehydration at admission increased risk of fetal death. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk for fetal death was highest in the third trimester, even after controlling for maternal age, dehydration level, and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
  • NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Certolizumab (CZP) is unlikely to have a teratogenic effect or increase the risk of fetal death even when taken through the third trimester, researchers say. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses or fungi, may attack the fetus or its membranes, resulting in fetal death and expulsion. (ontario.ca)
  • Questions concerning the documentation or general questions concerning the fetal death file should be directed to the Systems and Programming Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 840 Hyattsville, Maryland 20782. (cdc.gov)
  • Questions concerning the Technical Appendix or substantive questions concerning the fetal death or natality data should be directed to the Reproductive Statistics Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 840, Hyattsville Maryland 20782. (cdc.gov)
  • In NCHS tabulations by place of residence, fetal deaths to nonresidents of the United States are excluded. (cdc.gov)
  • HANFORD, Calif. - Prosecutors in central California on Monday dropped a murder charge against a woman in connection with the death of her unborn child through drug use. (ktvu.com)
  • For example, a large lung malformation may compress the fetus' heart. (yahoo.com)
  • The data referring to stillbirths 1000+ grams for the years 2011-2013 are derived from the death certificates collected by Health Monitoring Unit. (who.int)
  • Stillbirths are deliveries of dead fetuses that are old enough to have survived had something untoward not happened to prevent them from taking their first breath. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Retention of fetal death reports is governed by the Department of Health's record retention schedule. (mn.gov)
  • Among orthopoxviruses, infection of the human fetus has been reported for variola virus and vaccinia virus ( 12 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We describe a fatal case of CPXV infection in a human fetus. (cdc.gov)
  • Fetal death occurred in 141 of the 900 analyzed pregnancies, more often in women less than 20 years of age, in their third trimester, seeking treatment more than 24 hours after symptom onset, with severe dehydration or who vomited. (cdc.gov)
  • Steve Steimel of the Systems Programming and Statistical Resources Branch was responsible for updating the fetal death documentation. (cdc.gov)
  • Reports of fetal deaths are statistical reports only. (mn.gov)
  • 5. Fetal death--United States--Statistical methods. (cdc.gov)
  • As someone who has had three really easy pregnancies in the past, I wasn't prepared for the fear of rushing into urgent fetal surgery. (yahoo.com)
  • Fetal death occurred in 141 of 900 pregnancies. (cdc.gov)
  • Their analysis included only prospective pregnancies, i.e., those reported to the manufacturer (UCB Pharma) while ongoing and for which no fetal abnormalities were known. (medscape.com)
  • Alternatively, viral antigen in tissues from infected fetuses or stillborn pigs can be identified by fluorescent antibody (FA) or avidin-biotin staining using formalin-fixed tissues treated with trypsin. (iastate.edu)
  • The organism is spread through contact with aborted tissues, fluids, and dead fetuses as well as the feces and respiratory discharges of infected carriers. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Fetal heart rate monitoring is the process by which doctors and nurses use electronic devices to track the baby's heart rate in response to contractions during labor and delivery. (millerandzois.com)
  • Kourtney Kardashian, 44, revealed she udnerwent fetal surgery to save her baby's life. (yahoo.com)
  • Here's everything you need to know about fetal surgery after Kourtney Kardashian revealed undergoing the procedure to save her baby's life. (yahoo.com)
  • The Cleveland Clinic claimed fetal surgeons can do minimally invasive procedures as early as 16 weeks of the baby's development. (yahoo.com)
  • Large omphaloceles or those associated with multiple additional health problems are more often associated with fetal death than cases in which omphalocele occurs alone (isolated). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain infections, including Zika virus , rubella , toxoplasmosis , and parvovirus B19 can pose risks for the fetus. (medicinenet.com)
  • The most common obstetrical procedure is electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) during labor. (millerandzois.com)
  • There are only about 20 hospitals in North America that offer fetal surgery , and the procedure is done by highly trained pediatric surgeons, fetal cardiologists and other specialists. (yahoo.com)
  • Perez was charged under California's murder law, which was amended in 1970 to include the death of a fetus. (ktvu.com)
  • Signs include stillborn and mummified fetuses or weak pigs that may have signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease. (iastate.edu)
  • Information on the US fetal death data tape file was abstracted from the Report of Fetal Death forms received in all the States and the District of Columbia, with a record on the data file for each report of a fetal death received. (cdc.gov)
  • Effective January 1, 1989, a revised U.S. Standard Report of Fetal Death replaced the 1978 revision. (cdc.gov)
  • This subpart applies only to an institution that does not report fetal deaths through the centralized electronic system of the state registrar. (mn.gov)
  • The person in charge of the institution or that person's authorized designee must submit to the state registrar, on or before the tenth day of each month, a report of all fetal deaths occurring in the institution and all fetal deaths occurring en route to the institution during the previous month. (mn.gov)
  • The mother named on the fetal death report or the person who filed the report according to subpart 1 may submit a request to the state registrar to correct information on a fetal death report. (mn.gov)
  • Upon receipt of a signed statement identifying the information in error and providing the correct information, the state registrar must correct the fetal death report. (mn.gov)
  • If the fetal death report has been destroyed according to subpart 5, the state registrar must notify the person requesting the correction that the record has been destroyed and the correction will not be made. (mn.gov)
  • Women who experienced preadmission or postadmission fetal death did not differ by age or clinical presentation. (cdc.gov)
  • Fetal deaths are believed to be caused by destruction of vital stem cells. (iastate.edu)
  • Neither Pfizer or Moderna vaccines contain stem cells or fetal cell lines in production vaccine, i.e. the vaccine that is actually put into your arm. (delphiforums.com)
  • Fetal cell lines, thousands of generations distant from the original fetal cells they came from, were used in the proving process, but are not present in the production vaccines. (delphiforums.com)
  • Early in the development of mRNA vaccine technology, fetal cells were used for "proof of concept" (to demonstrate how a cell could take up mRNA and produce the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) or to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (delphiforums.com)
  • Weak evidence of a difference in effect of severe dehydration and postadmission fetal death between TGs was potentially due to a lower rate among severely dehydrated women in TG2. (cdc.gov)
  • The scientific study of congenital abnormalities caused by prenatal environmental influences is known as teratology (from the Greek word teras, meaning "marvel" or "monster"), and the environmental agents that produce abnormalities in the developing fetus are called teratogens. (jrank.org)
  • Methods 424 fetal samples, sent in for prenatal rasopathy testing in 2011-2016, were collected. (bmj.com)
  • All fetuses showed a variable degree of involvement of prenatal findings: increased nuchal translucency (NT)/cystic hygroma, distended jugular lymph sacs (JLS), hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, pleural effusion, ascites, cardiac defects and renal anomalies. (bmj.com)
  • Mixed race , inadequate prenatal care , CG and NMM/ death , were associated with NNM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inadequate prenatal care and maternal NM/ death were associated with conceptus deaths. (bvsalud.org)