• Primary outcome measures were: perinatal mortality, preterm birth and being small-for-gestational age (SGA). (nature.com)
  • We undertook a national quasi-experimental study, which involved analysing the association between the 2004 and 2008 joint introduction of tobacco control policies and perinatal mortality, preterm birth and SGA births using monthly data from a comprehensive dataset of singleton births in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2011. (nature.com)
  • Outcomes included birth weight, pregnancy loss, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and a composite outcome composed of the latter four components plus abruption. (uthscsa.edu)
  • We did not observe any associations between maternal cortisol levels and preterm birth and low birth weight. (researchsquare.com)
  • Common adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age (SGA), are associated with neonatal mortality and long-term health problems, including neurodevelopmental impairments, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, and higher sympathetic activity, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [1-4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2023) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of gestational duration and spontaneous preterm birth identifies new maternal risk loci. (oulu.fi)
  • We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of gestational duration and spontaneous preterm birth in 68,732 and 98,370 European mothers, respectively. (oulu.fi)
  • The meta-analysis detected 15 loci associated with gestational duration, and four loci associated with preterm birth. (oulu.fi)
  • The loci mapped to several biologically plausible genes, for example HAND2 whose expression was previously shown to decrease during gestation, associated with gestational duration, and GC (Vitamin D-binding protein), associated with preterm birth. (oulu.fi)
  • We report novel genetic risk loci that associate with preterm birth or gestational duration, and reproduce findings from previous genome-wide association studies. (oulu.fi)
  • Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to describe the association between GWG outside (above or below) the IOM recommendations (2009) and risks of caesarean section, preterm birth, and large or small for gestational age (LGA or SGA) infants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Women with prediabetes identified before pregnancy should be considered at extremely high risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Women may be screened for gestational diabetes at first antenatal appointment with doctor which takes place around weeks 8-12 of pregnancy. (healthhyme.com)
  • Pregnant patients are routinely screened for gestational diabetes mellitus between 24 and 29 weeks' gestation. (healthhyme.com)
  • The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for gestational diabetes mellitus after 24 weeks of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Large for gestational age (LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity prior to pregnancy and maternal weight gain above recommended guidelines during pregnancy are another key risk factor for macrosomia or LGA infants. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. (bvsalud.org)
  • An increase in the prevalence of infants born with microcephaly has been reported in Brazil since October 2015, in association with clusters of febrile rash illness in pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to assess the association between young maternal age and linear growth of infants using data from a birth cohort study in Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We fitted linear mixed-effects model with random intercept and random slope to determine associations of young maternal age and linear growth of infants over the follow-up period after adjusting for potential confounders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, young maternal age had no significant association with linear growth of the infants over the follow-up time ( P = 0.105). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Young maternal age had a significant negative association with LAZ score of infants at birth while its association over time was not influential on their linear growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fact that wide spread socio economic and environmental inequalities exist among mothers of all ages may have contributed to the non-significant association between young maternal age and linear growth faltering of infants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inadequate growth among infants is commonly expressed as a failure in linear growth with low length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Associations between ambient levels of combustion pollutants and small for gestational age infants in Texas. (cdc.gov)
  • There is scant evidence regarding the associations between ambient levels of combustion pollutants and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. (cdc.gov)
  • The main objective of the project presented was to determine associations between combustion pollutants and SGA infants in Texas using three different exposure assessments. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated the association between expert-assessed occupational solvent exposure and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a population-based sample of women in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the causation has not been established, several investigations have suggested a link between maternal infection and microcephaly in infants. (ssmr.org)
  • Data from pregnancy registries indicate that infants exposed to topiramate in utero have an increased risk of cleft lip and/or cleft palate and of being small for gestational age. (qudexyxr.com)
  • Development of delayed thyroid stimulating hormone elevation in small-for-gestational-age infants: is a second screening needed? (e-apem.org)
  • By September, reports of an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in Zika virus-affected areas began to emerge, and Zika virus RNA was identified in the amniotic fluid of two women whose fetuses had been found to have microcephaly by prenatal ultrasound. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients who develop gestational diabetes may develop diabetes later in life. (healthhyme.com)
  • High birth weight may also impact the baby in the long term as studies have shown associations with increased risk of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple factors have been shown to increase likelihood of infant macrosomia, including preexisting obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia of the mother, gestational diabetes, post-term pregnancy, prior history of a macrosomic birth, genetics, and other factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been demonstrated that while maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are independent risk factors for LGA and macrosomia, they can act synergistically, with even higher risk of macrosomia when both are present. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the promotion of healthy gestational weight gain, rising levels of obesity worldwide are increasing the pressure to emphasise the importance of entering pregnancy at a healthy weight. (endocrinology.org)
  • 2 As birth weight is only an indirect indicator of maternal and/or fetal health, specific exposures have been investigated which include maternal undernutrition during periods of famine, glucocorticoid exposure due to premature birth and, most recently, maternal over-nutrition and obesity. (endocrinology.org)
  • Obesity in pregnancy is associated with a plethora of complications in the mother that may include gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, inflammation and elevated lipid profiles. (endocrinology.org)
  • A number of human studies have investigated the long term impact of exposure to maternal obesity. (endocrinology.org)
  • While human studies are vital, the prevalence of maternal obesity in these populations is relatively low, considering these mothers were pregnant 50-60 years ago. (endocrinology.org)
  • Those interested in understanding the impact of maternal obesity often feed high fat/high sugar diets prior to conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. (endocrinology.org)
  • The laboratory where I am based utilises a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity. (endocrinology.org)
  • Women with gestational diabetes should be encouraged to breastfeed immediately after birth and for a minimum of 4 months to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia, childhood obesity, and diabetes for both the mother and child. (diabetes.ca)
  • After adjusting for maternal age and birthweight, they compared outcomes overall among the diabetes types with normoglycemic women and in pregnancies reaching 37 weeks between GDM subtypes vs. normoglycemic women. (hencigoer.com)
  • Alexander GR, Kogan MD, Himes JH, Mor JM, Goldenberg R. Racial differences in birthweight for gestational age and infant mortality in extremely-low-risk US populations. (mjphm.org)
  • 10th centile of birthweight-by-gestational age in a national reference. (cdc.gov)
  • Multivariable models for each gender separately, controlling for possible confounders, evaluated the risk associated with exposure for preterm births (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), small for gestational age and small head circumference (HC). (bgu.ac.il)
  • [ 1 ] Maternal morbidity and mortality are also increased in pregnancies complicated by multiple gestations and multiple births. (medscape.com)
  • We assessed whether pre-gestational or gestational diabetes may increase infant hospitalisation (an infant morbidity indicator) incidence, and whether this may be related to more frequent infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations in Quebec. (bvsalud.org)
  • Untreated gestational diabetes leads to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity. (diabetes.ca)
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. (plos.org)
  • There was a possible association between atrazine use/exposure of male farmers and increased pre-term delivery, but not decreased fecundity. (cdc.gov)
  • Farm couples living year-round on farms in Ontario, Canada did not have altered sex ratios, and the risk of small for gestational age deliveries was not increased in relation to pesticide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Developmental effects have been observed following pre-gestational, gestational, and lactational exposure of rat and rabbit dams or post-weaning exposure of rat pups to atrazine. (cdc.gov)
  • Through reducing maternal smoking and SHS exposure, tobacco control policies have considerable potential to benefit perinatal health. (nature.com)
  • In this study we investigated whether these joint introductions of tobacco control policies in the Netherlands were associated with changes in key perinatal outcomes known to be associated with maternal smoking and/or SHS exposure. (nature.com)
  • Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) during pregnancy can result in a continuum of embryonic developmental abnormalities that vary depending on the severity, duration, and frequency of exposure of ethanol during gestation. (asu.edu)
  • In addition to dose-related concerns, factors such as maternal genetics and metabolism and the timing of alcohol exposure during prenatal development also impact alcohol-related birth defects. (asu.edu)
  • Fetuses with GSTT1(del) had a mean birth weight reduction among smokers of 262 g (P=.01), whereas in fetuses without the GSTT1(del) the effect of tobacco exposure was nonsignificant (mean reduction 87 g, P=.16). (uthscsa.edu)
  • The suggested link between maternal exposure to Zika virus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy and the increased birth prevalence of microcephaly provide additional evidence for congenital infection with Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Although there was no evidence of associations found between SGA and the air pollutants mentioned in these studies, the results contribute to the body of literature assessing maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Sulfonamides have not been reported to cause neonatal kernicterus as a result of fetal exposure at any gestational age. (aafp.org)
  • Objectives-- Previous experimental and epidemiological research suggests that maternal exposure to some organic solvents during pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR). (cdc.gov)
  • Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs to assess the association between SGA and exposure to any solvent(s) or specific solvent classes, adjusting for maternal age and education. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions-- This is the first population-based study in the USA to investigate the potential association between FGR and assessed maternal occupational exposure to distinct classes of organic solvents during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • The potential associations observed between SGA and exposure to chlorinated and aromatic solvents are based on small numbers and merit further investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • As the number of women of reproductive age in the workforce continues to grow in the USA and elsewhere, understanding the potential reproductive and perinatal effects of solvent exposure is important. (cdc.gov)
  • There have been many recommendations and statements by the CDC about what women should do to prevent exposure of Zika and transmitting to their fetus. (ssmr.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fetal sex modifies the association between continuous exposure to life-threatening rocket attack alarms and adverse pregnancy outcomes. (bgu.ac.il)
  • In both univariable and multivariable analyses exposure status was a significant risk factor in female fetuses only: PTB (adj. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR), also called intrauterine growth restriction, is a condition in which a fetus does not achieve his or her genetically-determined growth potential in utero due to complicating factors such as placental pathology, maternal conditions during pregnancy, exogenous environmental insults or a combination thereof. (cdc.gov)
  • Fetal ovarian cysts can be suspected when an ultrasound scan shows intra-abdominal structures in female fetuses in the presence of normal bowel and urinary structures. (degruyter.com)
  • Ovarian cysts are among the most common abdominal masses in female fetuses, affecting around 1/2600 pregnancies [3]. (degruyter.com)
  • The findings support the hypothesis that male and female fetuses respond differentially to chronic maternal stress. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Associations with trajectories of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual fetal parameters (head circumference, femur length [FL], and abdominal circumference [AC]) from 12-16 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed using multilevel fractional polynomial models. (plos.org)
  • A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. (plos.org)
  • Multiple-gestation pregnancies are associated with a significantly higher maternal complication rate than are singleton gestations. (medscape.com)
  • Birth size was strongly correlated with maternal consumption of micronutrient-rich food at all stages of gestation. (who.int)
  • Les mensurations du nouveau-né étaient étroitement corrélées à la consommation maternelle d'aliments riches en micronutriments à toutes les étapes de la gestation. (who.int)
  • We included all singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10 weeks' gestation in which pregnancy outcomes were known. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple births occur when multiple fetuses are carried during a pregnancy with the subsequent delivery of multiple neonates. (medscape.com)
  • Birthrates of dizygotic twins vary by race (10-40 per 1000 births in blacks, 7-10 per 1000 births in whites, and approximately 3 per 1000 births in Asians) and maternal age (ie, the frequency has risen with increasing maternal age ≤40 years). (medscape.com)
  • One of the primary risk factors of LGA births and macrosomia is poorly-controlled maternal diabetes, particularly gestational diabetes (GD), as well as preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). (wikipedia.org)
  • About 62% of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa where the maternal mortality ratio still stands at 510 deaths per 100,000 live births. (hindawi.com)
  • In 2011, the maternal mortality ratio in Ethiopia was estimated at 676 deaths per 100,000 live births [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Main outcome measures Risk ratio of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth after use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, estimated by using binomial regression adjusting for potential confounders of maternal age, cohabitation, income, education, history of severe mental disorder, and history of drug misuse. (bmj.com)
  • If women had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy, the GTT will be carried out at weeks 16-18 of pregnancy - or sooner, if indicated by the first blood glucose sample. (healthhyme.com)
  • The report states that dosage modification may be needed during pregnancy because of the expanded maternal blood volume, increased glomerular filtration rate, increased hepatic metabolism and sequestration of the drug in the fetal compartment. (aafp.org)
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight. (plos.org)
  • Compared with non-diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes was associated with an increased risk of any infant hospitalisation to a greater extent in Cree and other First Nations (relative risk (RR) 1.56 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.91)) than non-Indigenous (RR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.39)) communities. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risks of infant hospitalisation due to diseases of multiple systems in all communities. (bvsalud.org)
  • There were no significant associations between gestational diabetes and risks of infant hospitalisation in all communities. (bvsalud.org)
  • The population attributable risk fraction of infant hospitalisations (overall) for pre-gestational diabetes was 6.2% in Cree, 1.6% in other First Nations and 0.3% in non-Indigenous communities. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to demonstrate that pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of infant hospitalisation overall and due to diseases of multiple systems, but gestational diabetes does not. (bvsalud.org)
  • High prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes may partly account for the excess infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations communities in Quebec. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infant Length for Age Z score (LAZ) at birth was negatively associated with maternal age of 15-19 years (β = − 0.24, P = 0.032). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several biological mechanisms have been proposed for linking elevated maternal cortisol levels to infant birth weight. (researchsquare.com)
  • Birth certificate data that contained information on maternal and infant characteristics were obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services (TX DSHS). (cdc.gov)
  • To determine the association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination reactogenicity and immunogenicity during pregnancy and mother-infant dyad outcomes, investigators conducted a prospective cohort study. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Objective: To assess whether functional maternal or fetal genotypes along well-characterized metabolic pathways (ie, CYP1A1, GSTT1, and CYP2A6) may account for varying associations with adverse outcomes among pregnant women who smoke. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Based on the peak number of reported cases of microcephaly, and assuming an average estimated pregnancy duration of 38 weeks in Brazil ( 1 ), the first trimester of pregnancy coincided with reports of cases of febrile rash illness compatible with Zika virus disease in pregnant women in Bahia, Paraíba, and Pernambuco states, supporting an association between Zika virus infection during early pregnancy and the occurrence of microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric disease that affects nearly 7% of pregnant women and their offspring [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For agents such as azithromycin, acyclovir and the newer cephalosporins, no known or theoretic risks to the fetus exist. (aafp.org)
  • The incidence of multiple zygotic pregnancies varies in relation to maternal age, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), and ethnicity. (medscape.com)
  • The primary outcome measure was the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) and stillbirths. (mjphm.org)
  • In addition, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for GDM women is as high as 50% to 70% during postpartum follow-up [ 5 ], making GDM a main source of T2DM in middle-aged women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 white European liveborn singletons from 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts to assess the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with the longitudinal growth of different fetal parameters (weight, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference). (plos.org)
  • A significant positive correlation between maternal anthropometric variables with neonatal birth dimensions was observed and the effect was more evident in girls than boys for BMI and head circumference. (who.int)
  • In SINASC, microcephaly is defined as a head circumference ≥3 standard deviations (SDs) below the mean for age and sex. (cdc.gov)
  • Most notably, Zika virus has been in the press because of an association with microcephaly in newborns (head circumference less than 2 SD below the mean for gestational age at birth). (ssmr.org)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health developed a case definition for Zika virus-related microcephaly (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth). (cdc.gov)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Previously, gestational age was confirmed by sonography in the first trimester. (degruyter.com)
  • Therefore, we examined associations between cortisol levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and risks of three common birth outcomes in a nested case-control study. (researchsquare.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemether-lumefantrine in Africa prompted the pilot introduction of multiple first-line therapies (MFT) against malaria in Kenya, potentially exposing women-of-childbearing-age (WOCBAs) to anti-malarials with unknown safety profiles in the first trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Transplacental IgG transfer at delivery was also seen in all trimester groups, with no differences in maternal and cord blood IgG titers at delivery between first and third trimester groups. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • We further presume that this trend continues during the third trimester of pregnancy and postnatally, up until ovulation, thereby explaining the maternal age effect in Down syndrome. (edu.au)
  • OBJECTIVES: Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Elevated levels of maternal cortisol have been hypothesized as the intermediate process between symptoms of depression and psychosocial stress during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
  • The results of this study showed no suggestions of associations between maternal awakening cortisol levels in mid-pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, except for an increased risk of SGA. (researchsquare.com)
  • Both increased birth weight and diabetes in the gestational parent are independent risk factors seen to increase risk of shoulder dystocia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The risk of having a macrosomic fetus is three times greater in mothers with diabetes than those without diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iowa communities exposed to atrazine in the drinking water and an increased risk of small for gestational age babies and other birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • The association between maternal serum levels of CRP and IL-6 with pre-eclampsia risk was evaluated using adjusted logistic regression models. (nih.gov)
  • If women are at increased risk of gestational diabetes they will be offered a full test, which takes place during weeks 24-28 of pregnancy. (healthhyme.com)
  • At this time, doctor will find out if women are at increased risk of gestational diabetes. (healthhyme.com)
  • They will ask about any known risk factors for gestational diabetes, such as whether they have a family history of diabetes. (healthhyme.com)
  • The risk of complications is reduced if gestational diabetes is diagnosed and managed properly throughout pregnancy. (healthhyme.com)
  • To determine in women with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot the risk of pregnancy for mother and fetus, whether fertility was compromised, and the recurrence risk of congenital heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • This study aimed primarily at establishing the risk of pregnancy for both mother and fetus in a larger cohort. (bmj.com)
  • These effects may partly be related to the heightened risk of gestational diabetes, occurring in at least 16% of all pregnancies irrespective of current body weight. (karger.com)
  • The table below shows the correlation of maternal age (mother's age) and the potential risk of human genetic abnormalities in children. (edu.au)
  • Advanced maternal age and risk of non-chromosomal anomalies: data from a tertiary referral hospital in Turkey [8] "The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between non-chromosomal fetal anomalies of various organ systems and advanced maternal age. (edu.au)
  • Awareness of the concept that your environment in utero and early postnatal life is important for future disease risk came about from observational studies that showed a positive association between geographical areas of high neonatal mortality and ischaemic heart disease in adulthood. (endocrinology.org)
  • It is hypothesised that such an unfavourable environment can alter the molecular, structural and functional phenotype in the developing fetus, resulting in long-lasting changes that increase their risk of later adulthood disease. (endocrinology.org)
  • To evaluate the influence of genetic variants and clinical characteristics on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to construct and verify a prediction model of GDM in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion Among women with epilepsy and when analysing the risk in antiepileptic drug discordant pregnancies in the same woman, we found no overall association between the use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and spontaneous abortions. (bmj.com)
  • The etiology of fetal ovarian cysts is still unknown, although a linkage with fetal gonadotrophin stimulation derived from maternal estrogens or placental human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has been suggested. (degruyter.com)
  • Quality reproductive and maternal health care throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period can effectively ensure positive health outcomes for women and their children [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The first vaccine dose was received at a median 22.8 weeks' gestational age, and the third dose was mostly received postpartum. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
  • applied an inversion mode for studying the relationship, size, and course of fluid collections in fetuses in the absence and presence of malformations, including fetal ovarian cysts, demonstrating the additional informative role of 3-D ultrasound [11]. (degruyter.com)
  • Genetic factors of mother and fetus explain a large proportion, approximately 30-40%, of the of the variation in gestational age at delivery. (oulu.fi)
  • We conducted an international multicenter retrospective cohort study, PregOuTCOV, to examine the effect of gestational age at time of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • In a cohort study using propensity score-matching at the level of age, body mass index (BMI), and underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, asthma), Badr et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Ie, the neonatal mortality rate in multiple-fetus pregnancies is similar to singleton rates, increasing with decreasing gestational age. (medscape.com)
  • The apparent positive association of the genetic instrument with fetal growth in non-smokers suggests that genetic pleiotropy may have masked a stronger association in smokers. (plos.org)
  • Up to 40% of the variation in timing of birth results from genetic factors, mostly due to the maternal genome. (oulu.fi)
  • In the current study, we aimed to identify maternal genetic factors that contribute to the timing of birth by meta-analyzing genome-wide association studies from European populations. (oulu.fi)
  • The association with timing of the tobacco control policies was investigated using interrupted time series logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders. (nature.com)
  • Multivariable linear and logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between continuous and categorized cortisol levels and the selected outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between combustion pollutants and SGA. (cdc.gov)
  • We compared results from (1) confounder-adjusted multivariable analyses, (2) a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using maternal rs1051730 genotype as an instrument for smoking quantity and ease of quitting, and (3) a negative control analysis comparing maternal and mother's partner's smoking associations. (plos.org)
  • Prior Mendelian randomization (MR) studies exploring this question do not distinguish the mechanistic contributions of variants that directly influence birth weight through the foetal genome (direct foetal effects), vs. variants influencing birth weight indirectly by causing an adverse intrauterine environment (indirect maternal effects). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Subsequent studies further investigated and supported these associations using low birth weight as a proxy marker of a poor intrauterine environment. (endocrinology.org)
  • There was no evidence of association between high levels of CRP and IL-6 with pre-eclampsia after adjusting for the following factors: maternal and gestational age, ethnicity, place and year of recruitment, multiple-pregnancy, socio-economic position, smoking, and presence of infections during pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • A). Modification of the association between smoking and outcome by genotype was evaluated. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Results: No interaction between maternal or fetal genotype of any of the polymorphisms and smoking could be demonstrated. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Maternal mortality is a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
  • According to the recent estimate by the maternal mortality estimation interagency group, the number of maternal deaths worldwide has declined to 289,000 in 2013, representing 45% decline from the 1990 level [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, majority of the countries with the highest maternal mortality are in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although efforts have been made to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG5) on maternal health to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three-quarters by 2015, this goal has not been achieved yet. (hindawi.com)
  • Interestingly, recent studies suggest that increasing paternal age (father's age) can also have affects on childhood mortality [4] and neurodevelopmental outcomes. (edu.au)
  • Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure that you develop while you are pregnant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some women with gestational hypertension do go on to develop preeclampsia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • [ 2 , 5 ] A combination of factors contributed to this, the two most prominent of these being the use of ART and advanced maternal age at the time of conception. (medscape.com)
  • This study in Egypt investigated the influence of selected maternal factors on neonatal birth size. (who.int)
  • It's a brilliant analysis because it separates gestational diabetes from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and reports outcomes according to severity of gestational diabetes, which have been major confounding factors in other analyses. (hencigoer.com)
  • The number of ER visits during the past 12 months was dichotomized to 'Yes' or 'No'. Demographic factors included age, sex, race, marital status, education, income level, US regions, insurance status, and total number of people in the household. (cdc.gov)
  • Fetal programming is a hypothesis that attempts to explain how factors during pregnancy can affect fetuses after birth. (asu.edu)
  • It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
  • The age of onset of puberty and the rate of development through different stages are influenced by different factors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fetal ovarian cysts have been associated with pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes, toxemia, and Rh isoimmunization, probably due to the increased production of hCG by the placenta and are rarely associated with other congenital anomalies [2, 4, 6, 12-14]. (degruyter.com)
  • RCF residents were mostly female, Non-Hispanic white, aged 85 years and older, and had a median length of stay of about 22 months. (cdc.gov)
  • There were 76 participants included in the final analysis, with a median maternal age of 35 years. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • It is also unknown whether HIV infection of the fetus is associated with stillbirth. (plos.org)
  • Further studies are needed to confirm the association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and to understand any other adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Most women with gestational diabetes go on to have normal pregnancies with healthy babies. (healthhyme.com)
  • Care by an interprofessional diabetes health-care team composed of a diabetes nurse educator, dietitian, obstetrician and endocrinologist/internist with expertise in diabetes, both prior to conception and during pregnancy, has been shown to minimize maternal and fetal risks in women with pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (diabetes.ca)
  • 20 weeks) with an A1C should be done to identify women with potentially overt diabetes to guide fetal surveillance and early maternal treatment, including self-monitoring of blood glucose, interventions that promote healthy behaviours and healthy weight gain. (diabetes.ca)
  • All women of childbearing potential should be informed of the potential hazard to the fetus and counseled to use effective contraception, keeping in mind that there is a potential for decreased contraceptive efficacy when using estrogen-containing birth control with topiramate. (qudexyxr.com)
  • An ILSI Europe workshop reviewed the key contributors leading to adverse outcomes in pregnancy and childhood, including gestational weight gain and nutrition. (karger.com)
  • Simple measures of gestational weight gain provide insufficient detail of the underlying physiological and metabolic adaptations occurring in pregnancy, and should be complemented by measures of body composition, metabolic and endocrine responses. (karger.com)
  • Recordings of maternal dietary intake and nutrient status are often limited and potential correlations with gestational weight gain have been poorly studied. (karger.com)
  • High Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) affect an increasing number of pregnancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a natural response to accommodate the growing fetus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emphasis of the report Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) was on the short-term consequences of gestational weight gain (GWG). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Statistically significant negative correlations were found between maternal haemoglobin levels and birth size. (who.int)
  • It was initiated by two obstetricians from a University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in association with a Community Health Centre, and funded within a new, national, community health programme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typified by short stature (defined as height that is three or more standard deviations below the mean height for age), skeletal dysplasias can be accompanied by involvement of other systems, including the neurologic, respiratory, and cardiac systems. (medscape.com)