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Moloney murine leukemia virusLeukemia Virus, MurineLeukemia, ExperimentalAKR murine leukemia virusFriend murine leukemia virusMoloney murine sarcoma virusLeukemia Virus, FelineRetroviridae InfectionsRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseAbelson murine leukemia virusDNA, ViralRetroviridaeSarcoma Viruses, MurinePreleukemiaGene Products, gagGenes, ViralCell LineProvirusesVirus ReplicationBase SequenceVirus Integration3T3 CellsMink Cell Focus-Inducing VirusesRauscher VirusMolecular Sequence DataRNA, ViralRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidRibonuclease HGenetic VectorsLeukemia Virus, BovineGammaretrovirusTumor Virus InfectionsGenes, gagVirionReceptors, VirusViral Envelope ProteinsGene Products, envRetroviridae Proteins, OncogenicViral ProteinsLeukemiaCell Transformation, ViralDefective VirusesIntegrasesMice, Inbred AKRRetroviridae ProteinsGenes, polMice, Inbred StrainsAmino Acid SequenceHelper VirusesGenes, envRecombination, GeneticCatsVirus AssemblyCloning, MolecularNucleic Acid HybridizationImmunodeficiency Virus, FelineThymus NeoplasmsTransfectionMutationDNA, RecombinantTranscription, GeneticTerminal Repeat SequencesLymphomaEnhancer Elements, GeneticTransduction, GeneticHylobatesMinkLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteParalysisLeukemia Virus, Gibbon ApeThymomaRNA, Transfer, ProAvian myeloblastosis virusCat DiseasesGene Expression Regulation, ViralLymphoma, T-CellPlasmidsDNA Restriction EnzymesFeline Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeProto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1Blotting, SouthernCell Transformation, NeoplasticOncogenesHIV-1CapsidHuman T-lymphotropic virus 1Giant CellsGenome, ViralCells, CulturedSpecies SpecificityRestriction MappingMice, Inbred BALB CFusion Proteins, gag-polDNA PrimersDNA NucleotidyltransferasesNIH 3T3 CellsAntigens, ViralCalicivirus, FelineChimeraVirus Cultivation
SarcomaGammaretrovirusMMLVCORONAVIRUSSimianLymphomasBovineRetrovirusesAvianLentivirusInfectImmunodeficiency virusSpeciesNeurologicalGenomeCanineCellsPolymeraseGeneMammalsViralSingle-strandedDiseasesProstate cancerProteinInfectiousClosely relatedMembraneXMRVDiseaseSiteRegionSevereRolePositivePresenceFamilyCancerFoundAbilityEarly
Sarcoma1
Gammaretrovirus3
MMLV2
  • This Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-based packaging system and VSV-G possesses the ideal host range required for your target cells. (101bio.com)
  • WizPure™ MMLV RTase (RNase H+) encoded by Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV) is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes the complementary cDNA first strand from a single-stranded RNA template to which a primer has been hybridized. (ongenmedikal.com)
CORONAVIRUS1
  • ats are susceptible to severe acute respiratory Testing at regular intervals of conjunctival, fecal, and syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection oropharyngeal swab specimens showed that K4 and and can transmit the virus to other cats ( 1-3 ). (cdc.gov)
Simian1
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, in using a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model of neuroHIV, we find SIV Nef reactivity in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of SIV-infected animals using immunohistochemistry (IHC). (bvsalud.org)
Lymphomas1
  • They have been linked with several diseases including cancer, specifically leukemias and lymphomas, various neurological diseases, and some immunodeficiencies in many different species. (wikipedia.org)
Bovine1
  • In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviruses2
  • Retroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that incorporate their genomes as proviruses into host chromosomal genomes after reverse transcription to cDNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Never mind that we've been mainlining attenuated viruses cultured in animal cells which express exogenous retroviruses for eighty years now. (x-rx.net)
Avian3
  • The avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses are not strictly avian viruses-it appears that reticuloendotheliosis viruses are mammalian viruses that were accidentally introduced into birds in the 1930s during research on malaria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the evolution, current spread and detection of these viruses are relevant to avian health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), synonymous with avian avulaviruses 1 (AAvV-1), are the causative agents of Newcastle disease (ND). (biomedcentral.com)
Lentivirus1
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
Infect3
  • Genotype VI viruses occasionally infect, and may also cause clinical disease in poultry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, continuous extension of our knowledge of the repertoire of viruses prone to infect the central nervous system (CNS) is vital for pathogen monitoring and the early detection of emerging viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: Overall, the replication-competent retrovirus XMRV, present in a high number of laboratories, is able to infect human lymphoid tissue and produce infectious viruses, even though they were unable to establish a new infection in fresh tonsillar tissue. (x-rx.net)
Immunodeficiency virus3
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Species3
  • Example species are the murine leukemia virus and the feline leukemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bats can have a prolonged exposure to a variety of pathogens without showing any warning signs, which leads to the debated belief that bats have the ability to develop immunity to viruses that may harm other species. (wikipedia.org)
  • To confirm the anti-oxidant effects of scutellarin, water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) was used to determine the cytotoxicity, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) was used to quantitatively analyze intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ), catalase ( CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase 1 ( GPx1 ) mRNA expression. (e-ajbc.org)
Neurological1
  • Further screening of brain samples, virus isolation, and infection studies are needed to estimate the significance of these findings and the causative association of BoRV CH15 with neurological disease and encephalitis in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome1
  • Although we confirmed prolonged presence of virus RNA the first 4 days of quarantine (surveillance days 6-10), in the asymptomatic cat, genome sequencing showed then moved into 1 combined cage system (surveillance no further role of the cat in human infections on site. (cdc.gov)
Canine4
  • A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed canine distemper virus presence in peripheral blood samples from asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. (scielo.br)
  • Canine distemper virus vaccine samples in VERO cells were used as positive controls. (scielo.br)
  • Primers were designed for canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein coding region fragment amplification (84 bp). (scielo.br)
  • Quantitative results of real time PCR generated by ABI Prism 7000 SDS Software showed that 54.5% of dogs with asymptomatic canine distemper were positive for canine distemper virus. (scielo.br)
Cells1
  • After 72 h, selection media containing 300 ng/mL puromycin was added and cells with antibiotic resistance after 6 days of selection were considered to have been stably infected with virus expressing BMI-1. (cancertools.org)
Polymerase1
  • Scutellarin의 항산화 효능을 확인하기 위하여 water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay를 이용한 세포독성 측정, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay를 통한 세포 내 활성산소종 정량분석 그리고 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)을 통해 superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ), catalase ( CAT ) 및 glutathione peroxidase 1 ( GPx1 ) mRNA의 발현 조절 양상을 측정하였다. (e-ajbc.org)
Gene2
  • Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 also known as polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4) or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMI1 gene (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1). (targetmol.com)
  • However, the validated rRT-PCR test that is normally used to identify the virulent fusion gene fails to detect the Egyptian and Ukrainian viruses due to mismatches in primers and probe. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammals2
  • They cause various sarcomas, leukemias and immune deficiencies in mammals, reptiles and birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Never mind that these viruses cause similar diseases in other mammals to that which we are observing in humans. (x-rx.net)
Viral2
  • Separate expression of the essential viral structural genes ensures safety and control over the recombinant constructs by minimizing the risks that arise during cell division and reducing the chance of producing replication-competent virus. (101bio.com)
  • Infectious viruses could be recovered from supernatants of infected tonsils by reinfecting DERSE XMRV indicator cell line, although these supernatants could not establish a new infection in fresh tonsil culture, indicating that in our model, the viral replication is controlled by innate antiviral restriction factors. (x-rx.net)
Single-stranded1
  • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive RNA virus [1] that currently infects approximately 3% of the world's population [2] . (cdc.gov)
Diseases2
  • The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans are of animal origin, and many of them are caused by neuropathogenic viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the extension of our knowledge of the repertoire of neuroinfectious viruses in livestock is important for the early identification of emerging diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Prostate cancer1
Protein3
  • The nucleocapsid is a nucleic acid protein assembly within the virus particle, it is a substructure of the virion. (wikipedia.org)
  • All of these viruses, and the ancestral Bulgarian ( n = 2) and South Korean ( n = 2) viruses described here, have predicted virulent cleavage sites of the fusion protein, and those selected for further characterization have intracerebral pathogenicity index assay values characteristic of NDV of genotype VI (1.31 to 1.48). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
Infectious1
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
Closely related2
  • These viruses are closely related to isolates from Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Russia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, many stocks of the closely related SIVmac251 swarm virus harbor a nef allele encoding a Q196. (bvsalud.org)
Membrane1
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
XMRV4
  • XMRV is a recombinant virus created in a laboratory accident in the mid-1990s. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery and de-discovery of the xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been a tumultuous roller-coaster ride for scientists and patients. (x-rx.net)
  • Susceptibility of Human Lymphoid Tissue Cultured ex vivo to Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) Infection. (x-rx.net)
  • Hereby, laboratories working with cell lines producing XMRV should have knowledge and understanding of the potential biological biohazardous risks of this virus. (x-rx.net)
Disease4
  • The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe the almost simultaneous circulation and continuous evolution of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses in distant locations, suggesting epidemiological connections among three continents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the purpose of this work, the taxa name Newcastle disease virus will be used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In bali cattle ( Bos javanicus domesticus ) however, jembrana disease virus, a close relative to BIV, can lead to severe disease as well [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Site1
Region1
Severe1
  • Appendix Figure 1, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona- panels B, C). Cats were housed in single cages during virus 2 during a cluster outbreak in the home residents. (cdc.gov)
Role2
  • While it was unclear what role these viruses have in the cancer development, it was believed that they are most prevalent during the tumor developing stage of the cancer by inhibiting tumor suppressing genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • As pigeons are not migratory, this study suggests the need to understand the possible role of human activity in the dispersal of these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Positive3
  • One SARS-CoV-2-positive resident (90 years of Cat after Cluster Outbreak age, given a diagnosis on April 4, 2020), already bed- in Retirement Home ridden, died on April 12. (cdc.gov)
  • 40 were considered positive) (Appendix ment home in Germany for which evidence indicated Figure 1, panel B) and 5.7 ×104 to 5.0 ×103 RNA cop- naturally occurring human-to-cat transmission dur- ies/mL (Appendix Figure 1, panel C). ing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • These PCR results demonstrated an extended infected care and administrative personnel showed period of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the positive cat. (cdc.gov)
Presence1
  • A new rapid rRT-PCR test to determine the presence of virulent cleavage sites for viruses from sub-genotypes VIg was developed and evaluated on these and other viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Family1
  • These genotype VI viruses are mainly isolated from Rock Pigeons ( Columba livia ), but also have been isolated from other members of the family Columbidae, e.g. feral Eurasian Collared Doves ( Streptopelia decaocto ) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer2
  • There were over 50 human cancer cell lines that were claimed to be linked to murine leukemia virus-related virus or murine leukemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have also been claimed discoveries of murine gammaretroviruses in lung cancer cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
  • The virus was not found in brain samples from healthy slaughtered control animals (n = 130). (biomedcentral.com)
Ability1
  • R191 may represent compensatory evolution to restore the ability to downregulate tetherin lost in viruses harboring Q196. (bvsalud.org)
Early2
  • What if there's more than this one virus that they acknowledge they created in the early 90's? (x-rx.net)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)