• This multi-stability can be explained by stochastic transitioning among multiple stable states of gene expression which are often the results of positive feedback loops in gene regulatory networks. (confex.com)
  • These switches are based on the sequestering interaction between a transcription factor (an activator) and an anti-activator, along with multiple positive feedback loops. (confex.com)
  • Epigenetic switches are bistable, molecular systems built from self-reinforcing feedback loops that can spontaneously switch between heritable phenotypes in the absence of DNA mutation. (researchgate.net)
  • The latter pair inherits the state of its upstream master genes and further reinforces the decision due to several feedback loops, thereby leading to irreversible commitment. (lu.se)
  • The SCN assumes the role as the central pacemaker, and through a series of genetic feedback loops and highly coordinated neuronal innervation, endogenous timekeeping activity arises, giving way to the production of circadian rhythm. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, our work provides evidence that auxin, cyctokinin and strigolactone act in a network of interlocking feedback loops to modulate shoot branching in response to nitrate availability. (europa.eu)
  • As a result, stopping semantic feedback loops does not stop evolution: new structures can be added with better error resilience. (digiwire.co.in)
  • It is offered a scenario for the origin of semantic feedback loops (and thus, possibly, life). (digiwire.co.in)
  • These participate in transcriptional/translational feedback loops and many homologous clock-components in the fruit fly Drosophila are also expressed in mammalian clock tissues with circadian rhythms. (bioone.org)
  • To illustrate the importance of this concept, we study transcriptional cascades consisting of two inducible synthetic transcription factors connected in series. (researchgate.net)
  • B) When AHL presents and binds to transcriptional regulator, the transcription regulator binds its DNA binding site, thus to reduce the accessibility of RNA polymerase to promoter, repressing the transcription initiation. (igem.org)
  • In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. (medscape.com)
  • Mammalian circadian rhythms can be observed from the genetic level to the tissue level, and even to the macroscopic level, affecting behavior, biochemical and physiological processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Constraints and possible physiological feedbacks are considered for successful and sustainable application of agricultural techniques with respect to management of plant phenol profiles and concentrations. (mdpi.com)
  • We develop a computational model for the hematopoietic erythroid-myeloid lineage decision, which is determined by a genetic switch involving the genes PU.1 and GATA-1. (lu.se)
  • From genetic and expression studies, ULT functions redundantly with other genes like CLV1, CLV3 and PAN (PERIANTHIA) which plays a role in regulating meristem cell accumulation and floral organ pattern determination respectively, whereas ULT function independently of ERA1 (Fletcher et al. (grassius.org)
  • In addition, RT-qPCR experiments with the other main clock genes showed that pdp1 , antagonist of vrille in the modulatory feedback loop of the circadian clock, showed higher expression levels in the rice-strain than in the corn-strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer activates the transcription of Per/Cry genes, and the production and resulting phosphorylation of PER/CRY inhibit the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer, reducing the transcription of Per/Cry forming the negative feedback loop required to maintain circadian rhythmicity at a basic molecular level. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. (yeastgenome.org)
  • As a result, a feedback loop is formed, which is referred to as "semantic" since it implements the genetic code that explains the meaning of the genes. (digiwire.co.in)
  • This process relies on a feedback system that adjusts the rates of transcription of genes encoding the low density lipoprotein receptor and multiple enzymes in the cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • When cellular cholesterol levels are depleted, these genes are all transcribed in abundant amounts, and their transcription is repressed when sterols build up within the cell. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Approximately 70% of the genetic risk associated with breast cancer is still unaccounted for and it is predicted that the remainder of susceptibility loci will include common, low-effect variants that most likely have regulatory effects. (springer.com)
  • A stable gene expression during plant and animal development is maintained by opposite functions of Polycomb group (PcG) chromatin remodeling factors that represses target gene expression through H3K27 trimethylation and trithorax group (trxG) chromatin remodeling factors that maintain transcription of target gene loci by H3K4-trimethylation (Schwartz and Pirrotta. (grassius.org)
  • Whether these genetic susceptibility loci modify previously identified exposure-disease associations is unclear. (who.int)
  • Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
  • As a largest plant-specific transcription factor family, NAC domain proteins play an important role in plant development and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • The synthetic biology platform is able to express transcription factor combinations that reprogram human iPSCs into highly defined and mature human cell types. (ddw-online.com)
  • Transcription factor 7-like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple ethnic groups. (medscape.com)
  • 2014). Arabidopsis gynoecium organ patterning along several axes is regulated by ULT1 and KAN1 (KANADI1) transcription factor. (grassius.org)
  • Transcription factor (TF)-based biosensors are widely used for the detection of metabolites and the regulation of cellular pathways in response to metabolites. (mdpi.com)
  • WUSCHEL (WUS), a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the rib meristem of the Arabidopsis SAM, is a key regulatory factor controlling SAM stem cell populations, and is thought to establish the shoot stem cell niche through a feedback circuit involving the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptide signalling pathway. (caltech.edu)
  • BRC1 encodes a transcription factor that can inhibit branching. (europa.eu)
  • The pesticide deltamethrin increases free radical production and promotes nuclear translocation of the stress response transcription factor Nrf2 in rat brain. (cdc.gov)
  • The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in the mammalian response to chemical and oxidative stress through induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and oxidative stress response proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Reflux symptoms are more strongly associated with Barrett's esophagus risk among persons homozygous for the major allele of rs2687201, which lies approximately 75 kb downstream of the transcription factor gene FOXP1. (who.int)
  • Transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that CmNAC1 functions as a transcription activator, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus. (frontiersin.org)
  • We investigated the genetic basis of the strain-specific timing differences to identify the molecular mechanisms of differentiation in circadian rhythms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By determining the genetic basis of allochronic differentiation between closely related species, or even between divergent populations within species, the initial steps causing differentiation in daily activity rhythms can be discovered, which is important for an understanding of the evolution of circadian rhythms on a micro-evolutionary time-scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the last five years, enormous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of circadian systems, mainly by molecular genetic studies using the mouse and fly. (bioone.org)
  • Molecular interactions with DNA, chromatin or mitotic spindle components are a useful way of assessing the potential for genetic damage and studies of this type involving LSD, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and harmine are reviewed. (erowid.org)
  • Motivated by the need to tune the dynamics and improve the robustness of gene circuits, biological engineers have proposed various designs that mimic natural molecular feedback control mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • However, the nature of the genetic regime in stem cell niches that centre on WOX gene function has been elusive, and molecular links underlying conserved WUS/WOX function in stem cell niches remain unknown. (caltech.edu)
  • Here we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family of transcription regulators act as conserved interacting cofactors with WUS/WOX proteins. (caltech.edu)
  • When AHL represents and binds to luxR proteins, luxR will bind to its DNA binding site, the lux box, thus to reduce the accessibility of RNA polymerases to this promoter, repressing the transcription initiation. (igem.org)
  • Enzymes regulate gene transcription and translation into polypeptidic chains, which then fold into proteins. (digiwire.co.in)
  • Answers are now beginning to emerge from the study of a newly discovered family of transcription-regulating proteins called sterol regulatory element binding proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Brown, MS & Goldstein, JL 1998, ' Seventeenth Marabou Symposium on Diet and Genetic Interactions: Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs): Controllers of lipid synthesis and cellular uptake ', Nutrition Reviews , vol. 56, no. 2 II, pp. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [ 29 ] These data suggest that genetic susceptibility to T2DM as determined by TCF7L2 variants might prove an actionable indicator for early intervention and disease prevention. (medscape.com)
  • We formulate a deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equation model of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) cholesterol genetic regulatory pathway in an hepatocyte. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Protein sequestration generates a flexible ultrasensitive response in a genetic network , N. E. Buchler and F. R. Cross. (caltech.edu)
  • Here, in the complex regulation of genetic transcription, of translation, of protein structure and function, is where we will find what makes us human beings rather than worms, flies or mice. (engelsbergideas.com)
  • Approaches to the analysis of drug interactions at the genetic level are reviewed. (erowid.org)
  • Mutation results of ult1/2 and kan1/2 indicate dose dependent genetic defects in gynoecium (Pires et al. (grassius.org)
  • Using a forward genetic screen, we identified the recessive boygirl ( byg ) mutation. (plos.org)
  • Gain-of-Function Mutation of Tristetraprolin Impairs Negative Feedback Control of Macrophages In Vitro yet Has Overwhelmingly Anti-Inflammatory Consequences In Vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is shown that the gain-of-function mutation of TTP impairs IL-10-mediated negative feedback control of macrophage function in vitro However, the in vivo effects of TTP mutation are uniformly anti-inflammatory despite the decreased expression of IL-10. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus in response to cold treatment, enrichment of OsULT1 occupancy and decrease in H3K27me3 at promoter region of OsDREB1b gene (Dehydration Response Element Binding 1b) was observed resulting in antagonizing the repressive effect of PcG complex on OsDREB1b for its transcription activation. (grassius.org)
  • NAC transcription factors regulate the stress response in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Biochemical studies suggest that in one case this transcription factors to implement particular genetic programs. (lu.se)
  • In occurs through the inhibition of DNA binding of cognate cis- hematopoiesis there exist several lineage branch points with regulatory motif while in the other case DNA binding is unaffected identified key transcription factors and external signals [3-5]. (lu.se)
  • This makes TCF7L2 variants the strongest known genetic risk factors for T2DM. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the requirement for a number of transcription factors and secreted signalling molecules in sex determination, intracellular signalling components functioning in this process have not been defined. (plos.org)
  • Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)
  • Mathematical models can aid the design of genetic circuits, but may yield inaccurate results if individual parts are not modeled at the appropriate resolution. (researchgate.net)
  • The mathematical model includes a description of genetic transcription by SREBP-2 which is subsequently translated to mRNA leading to the formation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a main precursor of cholesterol synthesis. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Transcription and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. (aramram.tv)
  • The core component of this inverter is a repressor-operator pair (in this case, the lacI-LacO pair), which requires a transcription-translation delay process of nearly 40 minutes. (igem.org)
  • Perturbing the feedback between the master regulators and downstream targets suggests potential reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)
  • The genetic switch, which handles the erythroid-myeloid lineage decision, is an example of a network that implements both a primed and a committed state by regulating cooperativity through recruitment of cofactors. (lu.se)
  • It can be anticipated that the absence of feedback mechanisms in Boolean or Non-Boolean gene networks is definitely a major hurdle towards complex behaivor for synthetic microbial consortia. (igem.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. (lu.se)
  • To this end, we propose to construct "robust" genetic sensors and circuits that endow bacteria with the ability to sense environmental signals (e.g., temperature, light, pH, and oxygen level), perform computational operations, and implement programmed actuations (e.g., generation of toxins to kill parasite eggs). (confex.com)
  • The genetic and functional basis of purine nucleotide feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • How do cells sense the level of a membrane-embedded lipid such as cholesterol and how is this information transmitted to the nucleus where gene transcription is regulated? (elsevierpure.com)
  • A positive-feedback-based bistable 'memory module' that governs a cell fate decision , Xiong and Ferrell. (caltech.edu)
  • We have made significant progress in understanding the genetic basis for all these behaviours. (europa.eu)
  • Using this knowledge we characterized genetic strategies to label developing γ-MNs based on GDNF receptor expression, showed their strict dependence for survival on muscle spindle-derived GDNF and generated an animal model in which γ-MNs are selectively lost. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When it comes to genetic editing for humans and other species however, "cells have defence mechanisms - a process called gene silencing - that actually resist the genetic manipulation or the activation of a new programmed state," Kotter states, before going on to explain that "gene silencing has emerged as a mechanism that specifically constrains our ability to program human cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Reciprocally, TGF-β from TAMs activated RAD18 in TNBC to enhance tumor stemness, forming a positive feedback loop. (nature.com)
  • The capability to engineer de novo feedback control with biological molecules is ushering in an era of robust functionality for many applications in biotechnology and medicine. (researchgate.net)
  • Genetic and cellular clocks dictate tau (free running period of the organism ∼24 h) and are often entrained by photo-optic cues ( Dunlap and Loros, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Parameterised with data from the literature, the model is used to understand how SREBP-2 transcription and regulation affects cellular cholesterol concentration. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Feedback control is a fundamental underpinning of life, underlying homeostasis of biological processes at every scale of organization, from cells to ecosystems. (researchgate.net)
  • The third aspect, which people thought would be a given, is you have to be able to execute that genetic code -like pressing the enter button on a keyboard," Kotter says. (ddw-online.com)
  • Feedback mechanisms play a critical role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. (nature.com)
  • 2004). Polycomb response elements (PRE) are not only recognized by the PcG complex to mediate gene silencing but also targeted by trxG complex to initiate transcription activation. (grassius.org)
  • [ 11 ] Subsequent studies have shown that several noncoding genetic variants of TCF7L2 are associated with T2DM risk in populations of diverse ancestries in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, France, India, and Japan. (medscape.com)
  • The ability to evaluate the contribution and limitations of feedback control mechanisms operating in cells is a critical step for understanding and ultimately designing feedback control sys. (researchgate.net)
  • Our design relies upon an analog of the well-known principle of integral feedback in control theory. (nature.com)
  • Reference tracking in the presence of disturbances, a classical objective in electrical and mechanical systems, is often solved by incorporating integral feedback to control a variable of interest (also known as a plant or process signal) 11 . (nature.com)
  • This means that new genetic material can be integrated into these areas, and it will function in a fully predictable manner. (ddw-online.com)
  • Using opti-ox, "we can edit and insert genetic information without disturbing the function of the cell," Kotter says. (ddw-online.com)
  • Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. (mdpi.com)
  • Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. (mdpi.com)