It can range from a diffuse inflammatory process to a more localized inflammation of muscle, lacrimal gland or orbital fat. (wikipedia.org)
They include inflammation of the extraocular muscles (myositis) with tendinous involvement, orbital fat stranding, lacrimal gland inflammation and enlargement (dacryoadenitis), involvement of the optic sheath complex, uvea, and sclera, a focal intraorbital mass or even diffuse orbital involvement. (wikipedia.org)
Proptosis4
It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment. (wikipedia.org)
Adjacent structures may also be involved (eg, orbital pseudotumor with proptosis and vision impairment, oral ulcers) [ 21 ]. (medilib.ir)
In cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or IgG4-related orbital disease, there are typically few symptoms other than proptosis or swelling. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms and signs of TED include those that are specific to the condition (ie, eyelid retraction) as well as the nonspecific symptoms seen in almost all orbital inflammation (ie, proptosis [exophthalmos], diplopia, periorbital edema, retrobulbar pain). (msdmanuals.com)
Abscess1
Ophthalmic or endoscopic intervention may be required in the case of an orbital or subperiosteal abscess, depending on the severity of the infection. (healthncare.info)
Infections5
Several studies have described cases where onset of orbital pseudotumor was seen simultaneously or several weeks after upper respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
Orbital Apex Syndrome is caused by various infections, inflammations, and tumors and the severity differs according to the origin of the disease. (healthncare.info)
The orbital apex syndrome can result from bacterial orbital cellulitis, viral infections, and fungal sinusitis. (healthncare.info)
The fungal infections that result in orbital apex syndrome are due to Mucormycosis or aspergillosis fungus. (healthncare.info)
Inflammation of orbital tissues can be caused by infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammatory15
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit. (wikipedia.org)
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, also known as orbital pseudotumor, was first described by Gleason in 1903 and by Busse and Hochheim. (wikipedia.org)
It is a benign, nongranulomatous orbital inflammatory process characterized by extraocular orbital and adnexal inflammation with no known local or systemic cause. (wikipedia.org)
The best imaging modality for idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease is contrast-enhanced thin section magnetic resonance with fat suppression. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, radiographic features for idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome vary widely. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, IMT was also described as inflammatory pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma, and inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation. (hindawi.com)
The medical records of 13 patients diagnosed pathologically with IMT, inflammatory pseudotumor, or plasma cell granuloma of the paranasal sinus and nasopharynx in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed. (hindawi.com)
The most common etiology of noninfectious inflammatory orbital disease is thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves ophthalmopathy. (msdmanuals.com)
The pathogenesis of TED is poorly understood but may result from immunoglobulins directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on orbital fibroblasts and fat, resulting in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammation, and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms and signs of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor typically include a sudden onset of pain along with swelling and erythema of the eyelids. (msdmanuals.com)
but there is no history of trauma or adjacent focus of infection (eg, sinusitis) with inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. (msdmanuals.com)
Treatment for inflammatory orbital pseudotumor depends on the type of inflammatory response and may include oral corticosteroids, radiation therapy, and one of several immunomodulating drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
Thyroid5
A differential diagnosis includes lymphoproliferative lesions, thyroid ophthalmopathy, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, orbital cellulitis and carotid-cavernous fistula. (wikipedia.org)
Riedel thyroiditis (RT) is characterized by the replacement of normal thyroid parenchyma with dense fibrotic tissue and by the extension of this fibrosis to adjacent structures of the neck. (medscape.com)
Clinical features of RT closely resemble those of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. (medscape.com)
Such symptoms are the result of the increasing thyroid mass or are due to the extension of the fibrotic process to adjacent neck structures (eg, strap muscles, trachea, esophagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve). (medscape.com)
Characteristic features of GD with elevated IgG4 levels include lower echogenicity of the thyroid gland on ultrasound examination, peripheral blood eosinophilia, higher prevalence of orbitopathy, and better response to antithyroid drugs with a tendency to develop hypothyroidism when compared to patients with GD and normal levels of IgG4. (hindawi.com)
Adnexal4
Depending on the site of involvement, ocular lymphoma can be intraocular, and adnexal. (medscape.com)
Orbital and adnexal lymphoma is associated with systemic lymphoma in 30-35% of cases. (medscape.com)
The median age at presentation for orbital and adnexal lymphoma is older than 60 years. (medscape.com)
As the disease progresses the mild orbital congestion and adnexal edema become more destructive. (healthncare.info)
CLINICAL FEATURES - Patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) typically have both upper airway and pulmonary involvement, although a minority may have just one or the other [ 1 ]. (medilib.ir)
Orbit5
The orbital apex is the point where the orbit connects with the skull at the craniofacial junction. (healthncare.info)
The imaging of the orbit is used to determine the diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
Signs and symptoms relating to orbital metastasis are usually noted late in the disease progression, and treatment generally consists of local radiotherapy to the orbit [ 6 ] in addition to treatment of the primary cancer, which in this case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast required hormonal therapy only. (oaepublish.com)
A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed increased abnormal soft tissue enhancement in the superior aspect of the orbit, with involvement of superior and medial rectus muscles. (oaepublish.com)
The latter demonstrated features consistent with an invasive ductal carcinoma, histologically identical to the biopsy from the orbit. (oaepublish.com)
Septum1
Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis Preseptal cellulitis (periorbital cellulitis) is infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum. (msdmanuals.com)
Disease12
Orbital pseudotumor has also been observed in association with Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and ankylosing spondylitis all of which strengthen the basis of IOI being an immune-mediated disease. (wikipedia.org)
The current practice is to describe the locations of organ involvement and the severity of disease at each location. (medilib.ir)
Thus, a patient can have "severe" disease in the lungs in the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with mild extrapulmonary involvement [ 8 ]. (medilib.ir)
Many patients with disease limited to upper respiratory tract or lungs subsequently develop systemic involvement [ 9 ]. (medilib.ir)
Nasal, sinus, and ear disease - Among patients with GPA, approximately 90 percent have nasal, sinus, or ear involvement, compared with 35 percent of patients with MPA, who have sensorineural hearing loss [ 10-12 ]. (medilib.ir)
Nasal, sinus, and ear involvement may be present without other disease manifestations for weeks to months before progressing to more generalized, "vasculitic" disease. (medilib.ir)
Airway and lung involvement - The most common respiratory symptoms in GPA and MPA are cough, hemoptysis (due to alveolar hemorrhage and/or tracheobronchial disease), dyspnea, and pleuritic pain. (medilib.ir)
This disease also affects the region of the superior orbital fissure as well as the optic canal and leads to ophthalmoplegia. (healthncare.info)
The diagnosis of the disease becomes easy due to this feature of the orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
The aim of this paper is to describe the pathophysiological, histopathological, and clinical features of Graves' Disease (GD) and Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) with elevated IgG4 levels. (hindawi.com)
We strongly recommend considering the diagnosis of GO with elevated IgG4 in patients with an established diagnosis of GD, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and clinical features of ophthalmic disease overlapping with those of IgG4-related orbital disease. (hindawi.com)
proposed the term "IgG4-related autoimmune disease" as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Symptoms2
These symptoms result due to the involvement of the optic and cranial nerves simultaneously. (healthncare.info)
From the above-mentioned symptoms, the loss of vision is the most common complaint of patients with orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
Extraocular2
The extraocular muscles also originate through the orbital apex. (healthncare.info)
The MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is utilized to scan the orbits to examine for enlargement or enhancement of extraocular muscles and orbital structures, or an orbital CT scan, which is likely a more widely available second-line alternative is used for the diagnosis. (healthncare.info)
Posterior1
Orbital cellulitis is infection of the orbital tissues posterior. (msdmanuals.com)
Adjacent1
A useful imaging feature in distinguishing an infection from noninfectious inflammation is the presence of adjacent sinus involvement in orbital infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Apex7
Orbital apex syndrome is a condition in which the cranial and optic nerves are involved and they do not work properly. (healthncare.info)
The inclusion of ocular motor nerves in the anatomical zone of the orbital apex causes ophthalmoplegia and visual loss which leads to orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
Patients with orbital apex syndrome mostly complain about hypoesthesia of the forehead and afferent pupillary deficit. (healthncare.info)
The only difference between the orbital apex diseases such as OPS, CSS (Cavernous sinus syndrome), and SOFS (Superior orbital fissure syndrome) is the involvement of the optic nerve. (healthncare.info)
Due to this, orbital apex syndrome is considered different from the other two diseases. (healthncare.info)
Thus, this feature of orbital apex syndrome is considered a distinguishing characteristic. (healthncare.info)
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan further revealed an abnormal infiltrating lesion at the orbital apex encasing the optic nerve and involving all four rectus muscles [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (oaepublish.com)
Optic nerve1
The involvement of the optic nerve is responsible for the afferent pupillary deficit. (healthncare.info)
Inflammation4
Idiopathic orbital inflammation has a varied clinical presentation depending on the involved tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Pediatric IOI accounts for about 17% of cases idiopathic orbital inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
proposes that organisms resembling Mollicutes cause orbital inflammation by destroying the cytoplasmic organelles of parasitized cells. (wikipedia.org)
The histopathology of idiopathic orbital inflammation is described as nondiagnostic and diverse. (wikipedia.org)
Edema1
Presentation varies slightly compared to adults with bilateral involvement, uveitis, disc edema and tissue eosinophilia being more common in this population. (wikipedia.org)
Anterior1
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has the characteristics of non-contact, noninvasive, high sensitivity, and repeatability, and offers high-resolution in vivo imaging of the structures of the anterior eye segment. (bvsalud.org)
This review provides an update on the research and clinical applications of AS-OCT in corneal refractive surgery, including preoperative keratoconus screening, intraoperative real-time visualization of corneal structures, postoperative corneal evaluation, and management of postoperative complications. (bvsalud.org)
CLINICAL FEATURES1
The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up data of patients diagnosed with IMT of the paranasal sinus or nasopharynx from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the previous literature was reviewed. (hindawi.com)
Destruction2
In the setting of extensive sclerosis there may be restriction, compression, and destruction of orbital tissue. (wikipedia.org)
IMT often presents as an ill-defined soft-tissue mass with bone destruction and invasion of surrounding structures. (hindawi.com)
Adults1
The involvement of the eyelids and the face is commonly seen in children whereas the involvement of the groin area is seen in adults. (eyeplastics.com)