LipidsMycobacteriaElongation cycleMycobacteriumSynthasePeptidoglycanLipidSynthesisMonocarboxylic acidsBiosynthesisConstituentsMycobacterialHydroxylPhospholipidAmino acidsSugarsPhosphatidylinositolMeso-diaminopimelic acidExtracellularKasAEnzymesMembraneTuberculosisNucleicIsoniazidGlucoseCarbonDerivativeMolecularStrainChainBacilliMeSHComplexMajorDirectlyPresent
Lipids3
- a -Hydroxy acids or 2-hydroxy acids are found in plants (chain from 12 up to 24 carbon atoms) and in animal wool waxes, skin lipids and specialized tissues, mainly in brain. (gerli.com)
- are distinct microorganisms from typical gram positive and gram negative bacteria as they have a heavy outer layer composed of lipids, mycolic acids (long chain fatty acids), polysaccharides (arabinoglycan), and peptidoglycan. (opsdiagnostics.com)
- Interestingly, lipids (mainly keto-mycolic acids) are proposed to be the primary component of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the pellicle biofilm, whereas the leukocyte lysate-induced and thiol reductive stress-induced biofilms possess polysaccharides as the primary component of EPS. (microbialcell.com)
Mycobacteria5
- Mycobacteria normally produce very long fatty acids with 60 to 90 carbons, called mycolic acids, Hatfull explained. (pharmexec.com)
- When mycobacteria form biofilms they produce shorter chains of fatty acids, 58 to 68 carbons in length, Hatfull said. (pharmexec.com)
- Mycolic acid is the cell wall that contains α-alkylated β-hydroxylated fatty acids present in Mycobacteria, Nocardia, and Corynebacteria . (microbenotes.com)
- Mycolic acids are a class of long chain α-alkyl-β-hydroxy fatty acids which constitute a significant part of the outer membrane bilayer of Mycobacteria. (lipidknowledge.com)
- Mycolic acids have various functions and are vital for the survival and pathogenesis of mycobacteria. (lipidknowledge.com)
Elongation cycle3
- The formation of 3-hydroxy C18, C20, and C22 fatty acids shows the inhibition of the dehydratase step in the fatty acid synthase II elongation cycle. (microbenotes.com)
- KasA is a key enzyme in the fatty acid synthase "FAS-II" elongation cycle, responsible for the extension of the growing acyl chain within the biosynthesis of precursors for the most hydrophobic constituents of the cell wall - mycolic acids. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Inh A, the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the key enzymes involved in the mycobacterial fatty acid elongation cycle and has been considered as a promising target in antitubercular screening. (thepharmajournal.com)
Mycobacterium2
- Mycolic acids are the main component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp and plays important role in the virulence and permeability of the outer membrane. (microbenotes.com)
- Auramine stain is a fluorescent dye used in microbiology and histology to detect acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (labtestsguide.com)
Synthase1
- Surprisingly, EchA6 interacts with selected enzymes of fatty acid synthase II (FAS-II) in bacterial two-hybrid assays, suggesting essentiality may be linked to feeding long-chain fatty acids to FAS-II. (diamond.ac.uk)
Peptidoglycan1
- Mtb has a complex cell wall made up of mycolic acids (long-chain fatty acids with 60 to 90 carbon atoms), glycolipids, peptidoglycan, and proteins. (ajgreenchem.com)
Lipid2
- The chemical composition of lipid inclusions in Bacillus megaterium was identifed in 1926 as poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) ( Lemoigne M, Bull Soc Chim Biol 1926, 8, 770 ). (gerli.com)
- Mtb is an aerobic bacillus with high lipid content in its cell wall, resulting in high lipophilicity and resistance to alcohol, acids, alkali, and certain disinfectants. (ajgreenchem.com)
Synthesis7
- As a result he speculated that these two proteins were not able to get into their proper formations for fatty acid synthesis without the help of groEL1. (pharmexec.com)
- The leading TB drug, Nydrazid or Laniazid (isoniazid), inhibits the synthesis of the longer chains of fatty acids that are part of the tuberculosis bacterial cell wall, Hatfull said. (pharmexec.com)
- Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis by isoniazid and pyridomycin. (microbenotes.com)
- The main effect shown by isoxyl is inhibition of synthesis of tuberculostearic and oleic acid which is directly related to the effect shown by a drug. (microbenotes.com)
- It is a weak antitubercular drug and it inhibits bacteria by mycolic acid cyclopropane synthesis. (microbenotes.com)
- Isoniazid, Ethionamide, etc are some mycolic acid synthesis inhibitors. (microbenotes.com)
- THPP inhibitors compete with CoA-binding, suppress mycolic acid synthesis, and are bactericidal in a mouse model of chronic tuberculosis infection. (diamond.ac.uk)
Monocarboxylic acids1
- 14-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. (umassmed.edu)
Biosynthesis2
- Mycolic acid Biosynthesis, Inhibition, and Regulation. (microbenotes.com)
- Inhibition of Inh A disrupts the biosynthesis of the mycolic acids that are central constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. (thepharmajournal.com)
Constituents1
- 2-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid ( cerebronic acid ) and 2-hydroxy-15-tetracosenoic acid ( hydroxynervonic acid ) are constituents of the ceramide part of cerebrosides (glycosphingolipides found mainly in nervous tissue and in little amount in plants). (gerli.com)
Mycobacterial1
- A number of components of the mycobacterial cell wall such as glycopeptidolipids, short chain mycolic acids, monomeromycolyl diacylglycerol, etc. have been shown to play an important role in formation of pellicle biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
Hydroxyl1
- The organism is surrounded by a dense waxy coat consisting of unusual long-chain fatty acids (mycolipids) with hydroxyl, methyl, and cyclopropyl substitutions that prevent many common antibiotics from entering the cell [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phospholipid1
- Our results suggest that the alteration of the mycolic acid and phospholipid membrane composition may be a strategy of R. opacus for phenol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino acids1
- Both enzymes retained all amino acids known to be involved in catalysing the reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Sugars1
- Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain TÜ4103T are rich in meso-diaminopimelic acid, and rhamnose, galactose and mannose are characteristic as whole-cell sugars. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphatidylinositol1
- CD1b can bind to mycolic acid 1 , sulfoglycolipids 2 , lipoarabinomannan 3 , phosphatidylinositol mannosides 4 , gangliosides 5-6 , phosphatidylcholine 7 , glycerol monomycolate 8 , glucose monomycolate 9 and TCR 10 . (hcdm.org)
Meso-diaminopimelic acid1
- In addition, the genome codes for the meso-diaminopimelic acid which is incorporated within the cell wall [4]. (kenyon.edu)
Extracellular1
- These structures are unusual because the common extracellular matrix is made out of long chains of fatty acids. (pharmexec.com)
KasA1
- According to Jacobs, groEL1 is probably involved in processing proteins that are essential for switching to the shorter fatty acid chains, KasA and KasB. (pharmexec.com)
Enzymes1
- En combinant une approche in silico et la validation in vitro de l'activité des protéines, nous avons récemment mis en évidence des propriétés structurales et la sélectivité de substrat de ces enzymes. (ipbs.fr)
Membrane3
- L'enveloppe mycobactérienne est unique dans le monde bactérien, tant par sa composition riche en composés structurellement exotiques, que par son agencement, avec notamment la présence d'une membrane externe et d'une membrane interne. (ipbs.fr)
- These results indicate that phenol adaptation affected mycolic acid membrane composition. (biomedcentral.com)
- Both membrane stretch and fatty acids directly activate large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. (umassmed.edu)
Tuberculosis2
- 7) Susceptibility to Thiopen-2-Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide (TCH): The addition of 10 µg / ml TCH will not inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis, but the growth of South Indian strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis are inhibited by this TCH. (vint.cz)
- This staining method allows for rapid and reliable identification of acid-fast organisms, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis and other related infections. (labtestsguide.com)
Nucleic1
- This layered cell wall is resilient to chemical and enzymatic lysis, thus mechanical breakage is typically used for the extraction of nucleic acids and protein. (opsdiagnostics.com)
Isoniazid2
- Disrupting the mycolic acid pathway with the help of effective treatment is a great task and proven therapy by the drugs like isoniazid, ethionamide, isoxyl, thiacteazone, and triclosan. (microbenotes.com)
- It acts similar to isoniazid is a nicotinic acid derivative that undergoes intracellular alteration. (microbenotes.com)
Glucose2
- In both strains, mycolic acids had fewer double bond numbers in phenol conditions than the glucose condition, and evol40 had significantly shorter mycolic acid chain lengths than the WT strain in phenol conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
- Effect of glucose and insulin infusion on the myocardial extraction of a radioiodinated methyl-substituted fatty acid. (umassmed.edu)
Carbon1
- Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. (childrensmercy.org)
Derivative1
- A benzoic acid derivative belonging to the meglitinide class of antidiabetic agents. (medindex.am)
Molecular1
- Beads are available in bulk in three grades ( acid washed , molecular biology grade , and low binding ) or in pre-filled disruption tubes . (opsdiagnostics.com)
Strain4
- Sequences obtained were compared relatives of strain BFLP-6T were aerobic, acid-alcohol-fast, nonmotile, against the sequences available in M. fl avescens (98.26%), M. goodii and nonsporulating cells. (cdc.gov)
- Three of the mutants were deficient in diaminopimelate decarboxylase and accumulated meso- and ll -diaminopimelic acid (DAP) but otherwise were indistinguishable from the parent strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- strain W8901 is a Gram-positive, aerobic, mycolic acid-containing coccobacillus obtained from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. (cdc.gov)
- strain X0973 is a Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast, aerobic actinomycete obtained from a human abscess with Gordonia araii NBRC 100433(T) as its closest phylogenetic neighbor. (cdc.gov)
Chain3
- In some bacteria, complex hydroxy, branched-chain fatty acids ( mycolic acids ) are described. (gerli.com)
- The analysis of long-chain hydroxylated fatty acids in ancient ceramics or shells enables to identify the origin of these deposits. (gerli.com)
- Yu W, Venkatraman A, Menden HL, Martinez M, Umar S, Sampath V. Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate necrotizing enterocolitis-like intestinal injury through enhancing Notch1-mediated single immunoglobulin interleukin-1-related receptor, toll-interacting protein, and A20 induction. (childrensmercy.org)
Bacilli3
- Acid-fast microscopy is the most rapid, initial step in diagnosis and provides information about the number of acid-fast bacilli present. (labtestsguide.com)
- Hagermann described the use of fluorescent dyes for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical specimens. (labtestsguide.com)
- Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture using sputum obtained from the patient. (medscape.com)
MeSH1
- Fatty Acids, Volatile" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
Complex2
- The fluorochrome dye, auramine-rhodamine, forms a complex with mycolic acids found in the acid-fast cell wall of organisms that resist discoloration by acid-alcohol. (labtestsguide.com)
- It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). (bvsalud.org)
Major3
- doi:10.1007/ basis of phenotypic and genotypic rates is a major aspect of the global TB s10096-010-1019-7 data, we consider the unknown acid- control program. (cdc.gov)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Fatty Acids, Volatile" by people in this website by year, and whether "Fatty Acids, Volatile" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
- the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. (cdc.gov)
Directly1
- If desired, the slide can be directly re-stained with one of the other acid-fast stains (Ziehl-Neelsen or Kinyoun Stain) after removing the immersion oil. (labtestsguide.com)
Present1
- Auramine stain binds to the mycolic acid present in the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria, causing them to emit a bright yellow-green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. (labtestsguide.com)