Fatty found activity in subcellular fractions of different. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mitochondria perform numerous essential tasks in the eukaryotic cell such as pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle and metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and steroids. (justia.com)
Fats (triglycerides) are metabolized to give fatty acids and glycerol. (justia.com)
A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (medmuv.com)
Fatty foods are sensitive to photooxidation, [16] which forms hydroperoxides by oxidizing unsaturated fatty acids and ester . (wikipedia.org)
He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
Two decades later, the prostaglandins were deduced to be a family of related compounds that contain 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cyclopentane ring, as depicted below. (medscape.com)
Kennedy, E. P. & Lehninger, A. L. Oxidation of fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates by isolated rat liver mitochondria. (nature.com)
Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) is responsible for the transport of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and corresponding CoA-esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
The adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) or ABCD1 is an ABC transporter that participates in the transport of free very long-chain fatty acids and their CoA esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
A ) Schematic of very-long-chain fatty acids transport into the peroxisomes by ALDP. (elifesciences.org)
Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
In the first stage of weight problems induced by HFD, raised free of charge essential fatty acids will be the initial stimulus for adipocyte hypertrophy and MHCII-related gene upregulation, possibly via activation of JNK and STAT1, which Purpureaside C may further activate CIITA, a prime regulator of MHCII expression (103, 104). (exposed-skin-care.net)
As obesity progresses, free fatty acids may act synergistically with IFN- to upregulate MHCII on adipocytes. (exposed-skin-care.net)

To help identify the macromolecular target(s) of Cr-dependent oxidative damage, cells deficient for the reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxides ( gpx3 Δ and gpx1 Δ/ gpx2 Δ/ gpx3 Δ) and for the repair of DNA oxidation ( ogg1 Δ and rad30 Δ/ ogg1 Δ) were tested, but were found not to be Cr-sensitive. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy, a risk factor for heart failure, is associated with reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins that correlate in rodents with reduced PGC-1? (omicsdi.org)
is repressed in concert with reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). (omicsdi.org)
In diabetic mice, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins were less abundant in liver mitochondria, whereas FAO protein content was induced in mitochondria from all other tissues. (omicsdi.org)
In this study, we show that the T2D heart is metabolically inflexible and almost exclusively dependent on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) inhibitory subunit MCUb overexpression. (diabetesjournals.org)
Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Some fatty foods such as olive oil are partially protected from oxidation by their natural content of antioxidants. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)

Diabetes results in a cardiomyopathy characterized by decreased cardiomyocyte function, increased myocardial fatty acid utilization, decreased glucose utilization, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and decreased cardiac efficiency ( 4 , 5 ), primarily as the result of changes in metabolism and Ca 2+ handling within the myocyte ( 3 , 6 , 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verification of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn. (springeropen.com)

Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)
Seed germination, which starts with the imbibition, is a crucial event in the plant life cycle when metabolic activity resumes, and reserves are mobilized to support initial plant development. (biomedcentral.com)
We study the role of the lysosome in metabolic adaptation using subcellular omics approaches, functional genomics and innovative biochemical tools. (stanford.edu)
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether postnatal hyperoxia exposure in rats could recapitulate the skeletal and metabolic phenotype of premature birth, and to characterize the subcellular metabolic changes associated with postnatal hyperoxia exposure, with a secondary aim to evaluate sex differences in this model. (frontiersin.org)
In eukaryotes, many metabolic pathways are partially or fully compartmentalized in subcellular organelles. (biorxiv.org)

It is likely to act as a bioactive compound by exerting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity and/or binding to specific proteins such as oxidative enzymes and transcriptional factors in signal transduction pathways. (rsc.org)
Quercetin aglycone is assumed to emerge in the target site by the action of β-glucuronidase activity under oxidative stress such as inflammation. (rsc.org)
14,15 Conversely, its pro-oxidant activity may enhance cellular defence against oxidants by stimulating the redox-regulated signal transduction pathway which leads to the gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). (rsc.org)
[7] [8] The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is itself readily oxidized. (wikipedia.org)
He found that, even in the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose by glycolysis, a seeming paradox as glycolysis, when compared to oxidative phosphorylation, is a less efficient pathway for producing ATP (Warburg, 1956). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. (lookformedical.com)
Examples include finding proteins indicating cardiac problems or looking for circulating tumour cells that can indicate the spread of cancer. (50webs.com)
In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2, hereafter referred to as PIP2) either binds to intracellular proteins and directly modulates their subcellular localization and activity or acts as a precursor for the generation of other second messengers. (biomedcentral.com)
a technique of derivatization of proline (pro) and 4-hydroxyproline (hyp) by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole permitted the measurement of pro and hyp radioactivities, concentrations, and specific activities in the main fractions separated from cultures of fibroblast cells (extracellular collagen and non-collagen proteins, intracellular free pro and hyp, pro- and hyp-containing peptides, procollagen, and non-collagen proteins). (liverpool.ac.uk)
So far, most caveolin-related research has been conducted in mammals, but the proteins have also been found in other animals, including Xenopus laevis, Fugu rubripes , and Caenorhabditis elegans . (biomedcentral.com)

Because the members of the PIP5KI and PIP4KII families exhibit specific and distinct subcellular localization patterns, it has been postulated that local increases in PIP2 concentration by a specific kinase member may underlie its diverse signaling functions [ 5 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

HXK activity was detected in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and high Glc and Fru phosphorylating activities were found in imbibed embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Considering the biochemical characteristics, location and the expression of ZmHXK4 at onset of germination, we suggest that it is the main contributor to mitochondrial activity at early germination times, at 24 h other ZmHXKs also contribute to the total activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. (omicsdi.org)
Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)

We discovered that a conjugated metabolite derived from quercetin possesses considerable anti-oxidant activity in several in vitro experiments. (rsc.org)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)

The lumen's pH (~4.5-5.0) is optimal for the enzymes involved in hydrolysis, analogous to the activity of the stomach. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, S. cerevisiae msra Δ ( mxr1 Δ) and msrb Δ ( ycl033c Δ) mutants defective for peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) activity exhibited a Cr sensitivity phenotype, and cells overexpressing these enzymes were Cr-resistant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Bicarbonate secretion also provides an increase in duodenal pH that is necessary for optimal activity of the secreted enzymes, particularly lipases. (veteriankey.com)

Contractile function was also equally impaired in Cont and TG mice following TAC, as demonstrated by decreased +dP/dt and ejection fraction and increased left ventricular developed pressure and end diastolic pressure. (omicsdi.org)

AEG was found to enhance glycogen synthesis through the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. (wiley.com)
They regulate signalling though inhibition of phosphatases and induction of the activity of Stress Activated Protein Kinases, which themselves modulate feedbacks to insulin signalling and FOXO. (biomedcentral.com)

A lysosome (/ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊm/) is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. (wikipedia.org)

dependence on plasma-membrane fatty acid composition. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. (justia.com)
Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Introduction of an additional myristoylation site at the N-terminus of NOS2 resulted in a chimera that displayed an enhanced association with the particulate fraction and with the plasma membrane but did not display increased enzymatic activity. (biologists.com)
Caveolins are found predominantly at the plasma membrane but also in the Golgi, the endoplasmic reticulum, in vesicles, and at cytosolic locations. (biomedcentral.com)

After whole-body autoradiography to study the distribution of inhaled 14C-labeled chloroform in mice, most of the radioactivity was found in fat immediately after exposure, while the concentration of radioactivity in the liver increased during the postanesthetic period, most likely due to covalent binding to lipid and protein in the liver (Cohen and Hood 1969). (cdc.gov)

Based on the structure, we performed integrative analysis of the cellular trafficking, protein thermostability, ATP hydrolysis, and the transport activity of representative mutations. (elifesciences.org)

Here, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae sod1 Δ mutant (defective for the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase) was found to be hypersensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity under aerobic conditions, but this phenotype was suppressed under anaerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hence, the novel surrogate myristoyl moiety not only failed to increase NOS2 activity when introduced in a wild-type sequence environment, but was also unable to rescue the inactive phenotype of the Cys3Ser mutant. (biologists.com)

Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake activity (GUA) was observed in both cell lines. (wiley.com)

not, a ethnic download to the diabetes to find side-step the treatment Engineering auto Assessment, which is exposure chatbots of a mental km2 of next investigators, using under exceptional concentrations. (quietisolation.de)

Genetic dissection of the phospholipid hydroperoxidase activity of yeast Gpx3 reveals its functional importance. (microbiologyresearch.org)

They succeeded in detecting the enzyme activity from the microsomal fraction. (wikipedia.org)
To estimate this enzyme activity, they used that of the standardized enzyme acid phosphatase and found that the activity was only 10% of the expected value. (wikipedia.org)
One day, the enzyme activity of purified cell fractions which had been refrigerated for five days was measured. (wikipedia.org)
Surprisingly, the enzyme activity was increased to normal of that of the fresh sample. (wikipedia.org)

While in the cytosol, ZmHXK7 could be responsible for the activity at the onset of germination, although later, ZmHXK8 also contributes to the total HXK activity. (biomedcentral.com)

They are classified according to their dependence on certain divalent metal ions for phosphatase activity and Cn is uniquely dependent upon Ca 2+ . (pancreapedia.org)

Although CASK knockout mice were previously reported to exhibit perinatal lethality and a 3-fold increased apoptotic rate in the brain, CASK deletion was not found to affect neuronal physiology and their electrical properties. (biomedcentral.com)

From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)

[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)

Botanica Marina publishes high-quality contributions from all of the disciplines of marine botany at all levels of biological organisation from subcellular to ecosystem: chemistry and applications, genomics, physiology and ecology, phylogeny and biogeography. (degruyter.com)

[1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)

Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)

We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. (hindawi.com)

Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
The factor VIII gene ( F8 ) intron 22 inversion (Inv22) is a paradigmatic duplicon-mediated rearrangement, found in about one half of patients with severe hemophilia A worldwide. (mdpi.com)

An analysis of current developments in the field of new medicinal products for NDD suggests that most of the activity is focused on a search for multi-target compounds that affect the key aspects of pathogenesis [ 4 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

These results indicate that PIP4KIIγ and PIP2 may negatively regulate the MT depolymerization activity of MCAK by reducing PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK. (biomedcentral.com)

The highest levels of caveolin-1 (also called caveolin, Cav-1 and VIP2I) are found in terminally-differentiated cell types, such as adipocytes, endothelia, smooth muscle cells, and type I pneumocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

No 'mechanisms' of interfacing between the mind and the brain (or the soul and the body) could be found. (christian-thinktank.com)

[6] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. (wikipedia.org)

Studies with cells expressing a Sod1p variant (Sod1 H46C ) showed that the superoxide dismutase activity rather than the metal-binding function of Sod1p was required for Cr resistance. (microbiologyresearch.org)
CASK ortholog lin-2 was identified in C. elegans as early as 1980 and was found in screens for cell lineage specificity rather than synaptic function [ 16 , 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals. (inchem.org)

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)

research associates (JWB SC CC and REG) browse the transcripts and talked about the info as an organization repeatedly to find out topical content material and emerging styles. (conferencedequebec.org)

It became clear that this enzyme from the cell fraction came from membranous fractions, which were definitely cell organelles, and in 1955 De Duve named them "lysosomes" to reflect their digestive properties. (wikipedia.org)

In the absence of palmitoylation, introduction of a surrogate myristoylation site resulted in a mutant NOS2 with only 25% activity compared with the wild-type enzyme. (biologists.com)

Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells and vary in number and location depending on the cell type. (justia.com)

Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. (inchem.org)

Using LC-MS/MS analysis, Serine 346 was identified as the sole autophosphorylation site of Drosophila PINK1 and it was found that substitution of Serine 346 to Alanine completely abolishes the PINK1 autophosphorylation. (sdbonline.org)

clear surveying concepts request fingerprinting funded at an subcellular use. (quietisolation.de)

Anatomy43

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care2

Acids13

Oxidation8

Metabolism2

Metabolic5

Oxidative5

Proteins6

Localization1

Mitochondrial4

Metabolite2

Enzymes4

Demonstrated by decreased1

Inhibition2

Lysosome1

Membrane5

Lipid1

Protein1

Phenotype2

Glucose uptake3

Exposure1

Functional1

Enzyme activity4

Cytosol1

Dependence1

Mice1

Enzymatic1

Cellular1

Physiology1

Organelle found1

Reaction1

Tissues1

Gene2

Compounds1

Phosphorylation1

Adipocytes1

Brain1

Oxygen1

Function2

Biological1

Specific1

Content1

Properties1

Mutant1

Cells1

Results1

Analysis1

Clear1