• PI3k belongs to a family of lipid kinases, involved in extracellular signals transduction and cell growth promotion (Wullschleger et al. (dieselok.md)
  • MAPK1 Recombinant (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, is a highly active form produced by phosphorylation of the purified ERK2/MAPK1 in vitro with MEK1 is a non-glycosylated polypeptide having a molecular mass of 44.6 kDa. (kendallscientific.com)
  • MAPK1 Recombinant (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, is a highly active form produced by phosphorylation of the purified ERK2/MAPK1 in vitro with MEK1 is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 2-480 and having a molecular mass of 44.6 kDa. (kendallscientific.com)
  • Activation of JNK activates and phosphorylates the downstream transcription aspect c-Jun and various other transcription elements [9], [10]. (igesip.org)
  • Once activated, PI 3-kinase phosphorylates PIP2 to form PIP3. (wikipedia.org)
  • ACK1 or TNK2, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, phosphorylates Akt at its tyrosine 176 residue, leading to its activation in PI 3-kinase-independent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • The p73 gene encodes more than 20 protein isoforms due to the usage of different promoters and on the other hand post-transcriptional splicing. (igesip.org)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway by up-regulating the manifestation of its target growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha (GADD45) and consequently activating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK4). (igesip.org)
  • The JNK signaling pathway replies to various tension stimuli, through the transduction from the upstream MAPKKK including MEKKs, and eventually activation of JNK by phosphorylated at Thr and Tyr sites with the JNK immediate upstream kinases MKK4/MKK7. (igesip.org)
  • There are three different genes that encode isoforms of Protein kinase B. These three genes are referred to as AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 and encode the RAC alpha, beta, and gamma serine/threonine protein kinases respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated Akt isoforms can then go on to activate or deactivate their myriad substrates (e.g. mTOR) via their kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides being a downstream effector of PI 3-kinases, Akt isoforms can also be activated in a PI 3-kinase-independent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, PI 3-kinases may be activated by a G protein coupled receptor or receptor tyrosine kinase such as the insulin receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptor 15 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptor associa. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • mTORC2 therefore functionally acts as the long-sought PDK2 molecule, although other molecules, including integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK2) can also serve as PDK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The JNK belongs to a superfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. (igesip.org)
  • Intro P73, a novel member of the tumor suppressor p53 family, is similar to p53 both structurally and functionally [1], [2]. (igesip.org)
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • Studies have suggested that cAMP-elevating agents could also activate Akt through protein kinase A (PKA) in the presence of insulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gupta DD, Saha S, Chakrabarti MK (2005) Involvement of protein kinase C in the mechanism of action of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in a human colonic carcinoma cell line, COLO-205. (springer.com)
  • Inhibition of JNK activity by a specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly abrogated TAp73-mediated apoptosis induced by cisplatin. (igesip.org)
  • Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is the collective name of a set of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that play key roles in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)
  • citation needed] The Akt proteins possess a protein domain known as a PH domain, or pleckstrin homology domain, named after pleckstrin, the protein in which it was first discovered. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is useful for control of cellular signaling because the di-phosphorylated phosphoinositide PIP2 is only phosphorylated by the family of enzymes, PI 3-kinases (phosphoinositide 3-kinase or PI3-K), and only upon receipt of chemical messengers which tell the cell to begin the growth process. (wikipedia.org)
  • B cell scaffold protein with ankyri. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Bacterial toxins also catalyze the non-covalent modification of host protein function or can modify host cell properties through direct protein-protein interactions. (springer.com)
  • Mutations that disrupt PTEN function define a condition called ​ PTEN hamartoma syndrome, which also includes Cowden syndrome , Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, and Proteus/Proteus-like syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
  • Akt1 is also able to induce protein synthesis pathways, and is therefore a key signaling protein in the cellular pathways that lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and general tissue growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once correctly positioned at the membrane via binding of PIP3, Akt can then be phosphorylated by its activating kinases, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1 at threonine 308 in Akt1 and threonine 309 in Akt2) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2 at serine 473 (Akt1) and 474 (Akt2)) which is found at high levels in the fed state, first by mTORC2. (wikipedia.org)
  • adaptor related protein complex 1 s. (gsea-msigdb.org)