Extracellular glucose transporter type 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

Increased expression of hexokinase 2, in some cases nearly 10-fold, allows for an increased flux of glucose through the glycolytic pathway subsequent to the increased uptake by GLUT1. (wikipedia.org)
The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
To identify and characterize potential GLUT2 and GLUT3 ligands, we developed a whole-cell system based on a yeast strain deficient in hexose uptake, whose growth defect on glucose can be rescued by the functional expression of human transporters. (uni-frankfurt.de)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition kinetics and transporter-mediated uptake were examined in human SGLT1- or SGLT2-expressing cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
TLK16998 also increased the potency of insulin in stimulating 2-deoxy- d -glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a detectable effect at 8 μmol/l and a 10-fold increase at 40 μmol/l. (diabetesjournals.org)
In contrast, only small effects were observed on IGF-1-stimulated 2-deoxy- d -glucose uptake. (diabetesjournals.org)
Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. (life-science-alliance.org)

Expression of genes responsible for glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters are enhanced by numerous oncogenes including RAS, SRC, and MYC. (wikipedia.org)
A carbohydrate-response element (ChoRE) is responsible for regulating glycolytic enzyme gene expression in response to changing glucose concentrations through a binding interaction at the same consensus sequence as HIF-1. (wikipedia.org)
With the role of transporting sugars from the extracellular to the intracellular environment, GLUT1, along with other members of the GLUT family, can be rate-controlling for cellular glycolytic metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Hexokinase (HK) is the first enzyme in the glycolytic pathway converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate through an ATP-dependent phosphorylation event. (wikipedia.org)
By stimulating the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, HIF-1 promotes glycolysis to generate more pyruvate [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)
In diabetes, more fat and less carbohydrate is used, due to the reduced induction of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surfaces. (wikidoc.org)
However, contraction itself plays a part in bringing GLUT4 transporters to the surface [2] . (wikidoc.org)

DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
In diabetic mice, TLK16998, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, lowered blood glucose levels for up to 6 h. (diabetesjournals.org)
In pregnant patients and in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors DKA may occur at lower or even normal blood glucose levels. (msdmanuals.com)

Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer. (researchgate.net)
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters control fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across membranes and thereby represent a critical interface between the microenvironment and cellular and subcellular metabolism. (life-science-alliance.org)
Our initial pilot study demonstrated that MTMR14 knock out (KO) mice gain weight earlier than their wild-type (WT) littermates, which suggests that this gene may also be involved in metabolism regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Human GLUT2 and GLUT3, members of the GLUT / SLC2 gene family, facilitate glucose transport in specific tissues. (uni-frankfurt.de)
2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
Several normal variations (polymorphisms) of the SLC2A10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of peripheral artery disease in people with type 2 diabetes , a disorder in which resistance to the hormone insulin leads to excess glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). (medlineplus.gov)

The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
The TGF-β signaling pathway is also involved in bone and blood vessel development and the formation of the extracellular matrix, an intricate lattice of proteins and other molecules that forms in the spaces between cells and defines the structure and properties of connective tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
This study assessed 80 cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins for biomarker discovery and prediction of MACE in type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
We combined data from six prospective epidemiological studies of 30-77-year-old individuals with type 2 diabetes in whom 80 circulating proteins were measured by proximity extension assay. (springer.com)
5% false discovery rate) between risk of MACE and eight proteins: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, IL-27 subunit α (IL-27a), kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, protein S100-A12, TNF receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)2. (springer.com)
The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)

Canagliflozin inhibited α -methyl- d -glucopyranoside-induced SGLT1- and SGLT2-mediated inward currents preferentially from the extracellular side and not from the intracellular side. (aspetjournals.org)
The water and cryoprotectnat change continues till the equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular answer maintains. (zum-schwiizer.com)
The Niemann-Pick group of diseases can be subclassified into two categories: (1) those with a primary deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity (ie, types A and B) and (2) those with defective intracellular processing and transporting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol (ie, type C). (medscape.com)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)
Specific enzymes breakdown molecules of glycogen into glucose, which is used as a source of energy by the organism. (opendentistryjournal.com)

Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
As noted above, the AE or solute carrier 4 (SLC4) family includes 10 members (SLC4A1-5, SLC4A7-11), which are expressed in multiple tissues in the human body. (tcdb.org)
Two metabolic defects that seem to be central to the pathology of type 2 diabetes are impaired insulin secretion and the reduced ability of insulin to act on the major insulin-sensitive tissues ( 2 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
this type of protein moves the simple sugar glucose across cell membranes and helps maintain proper levels of glucose within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
METHODS: Among 2627 study participants in the CREDENCE trial (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), concentrations of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, growth differentiation factor-15, and IGFBP7 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7) were measured. (bvsalud.org)
We identified eight protein biomarkers, four of which are novel, for risk of MACE in community residents with type 2 diabetes, and found improved risk prediction by combining multiplex proteomics with an established risk model. (springer.com)
Further study demonstrated that this exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Underlying molecular mechanisms of the kidney protective effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are not fully elucidated. (bvsalud.org)

Canagliflozin, a selective sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, suppresses the renal reabsorption of glucose and decreases blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes. (aspetjournals.org)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
BACKGROUND: People with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria are at an elevated risk for cardiac and renal events. (bvsalud.org)
Individuals with CKD have disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease, progression to end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy, and death [2-5] . (lww.com)
For instance, in the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial, canagliflozin was associated with a reduction in the risks of kidney failure and cardiovascular events among participants with type 2 diabetes and CKD [8] . (lww.com)

stream ATP-binding cassette transporters and HDL suppress hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. (skanestugan.se)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
The combination of these defects results in an inability of the body to maintain glucose homeostasis leading to hyperglycemia and other metabolic disturbances ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. (life-science-alliance.org)
Moreover, we identified metabolic compensation mediated by the glutamate/aspartate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3 under glutamine-limiting conditions. (life-science-alliance.org)
Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions. (life-science-alliance.org)

5. Immunopathogenesis of acute and chronic kidney disease. (universityofgalway.ie)

The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)
The differences in the clinical courses of types A and B suggest that the mutations are different. (medscape.com)

They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. (researchgate.net)

In 2019, this is now recognized to be an oversimplification as HDL-C measurements do not necessarily reflect either the overall abundance of HDL particles, the distribution of HDL subspecies,4 or RCT capacity.5 Additionally, data from human genetic studies6 and a host of negative HDL-raising clinical trials have led to much controversy over the HDL hypothesis. (skanestugan.se)
Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)

Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a relatively new class of oral glucose-lowering agents that reduce adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (lww.com)
In recent randomized controlled clinical trials, medications within the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) class have shown improvements in adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with CKD [7▪▪,8,9▪▪,10▪] . (lww.com)
Newer glucose-lowering drugs such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, and cholesterol-modifying agents such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, in addition to standard treatment reduce cardiovascular risk in high-risk individuals [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
SGLT-2 inhibitors have been implicated in causing DKA in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (msdmanuals.com)

Activation of PGI through proposed HIF-1 induced mechanisms results in increased conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and also contributes to cell motility and invasion during cancer metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
Problems with blood vessels, including peripheral artery disease, are common in type 2 diabetes, and are believed to be related to the effect of hyperglycemia on TGF-β signaling. (medlineplus.gov)

2012). Functional Interaction between CFTR and the Sodium-Phosphate Co-Transport Type 2a in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. (tcdb.org)
2017). Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. (tcdb.org)
The optimal biomarkers to aid disease prediction and to understand the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, single amino acid substitutions at specific positions of the transporter sequence appear to positively affect the functionality of both GLUT2 and GLUT3 in yeast. (uni-frankfurt.de)

GLUT1 is a member of the GLUT transporter family of 14 hexose transporters responsible for facilitating the transport of hexose sugars along the concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
GLUT1 is the most abundantly expressed of the family thought to maintain basal glucose transport in almost all cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Having an increased level of GLUT1, in the case of hypoxic tumors, increases the flux of glucose into the cells allowing for a higher rate of glycolysis and thus greater risks of metastasis (as elaborated upon below). (wikipedia.org)

DKA occurs mostly in type 1 diabetes mellitus. (msdmanuals.com)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and is less common in those with type 2 diabetes. (msdmanuals.com)
DKA is less common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it may occur in situations of unusual physiologic stress. (msdmanuals.com)

Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)

glucose is converted into lactate. (researchgate.net)

We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/ macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1a, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. (cmich.edu)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)

As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)

Urine concentrations of glucose, creatinine, and ketones were measured at baseline and after 1-year treatment with either placebo or canagliflozin 100mg/day in â ¼2600 individuals from the CREDENCE trial (enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and albuminuria). (bvsalud.org)

In contrast to skeletal muscle , cardiac muscle cannot contract in the absence of extracellular calcium ions as well as extracellular potassium ions. (wikidoc.org)

The urine should contain glucose as the only source of carbohydrate, and individuals should have normal carbohydrate storage and use. (medscape.com)

The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)
The glycogen accumulates in several organs, such as liver and kidneys [ 4 , 5 ], and the disease leads to systemic and intraoral manifestations. (opendentistryjournal.com)

Interactions of HIF-1 and ChoRE with the DNA sequence 5'-RCGTG-3' leads to increased expression of genes listed above. (wikipedia.org)

500 ms. Decay time constants of EPSCs increased (or decreased) in the presence of a glutamate transporter blocker (or a competitive glutamate receptor blocker), suggesting a role for glutamate accumulation and spillover in synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)

Insulin resistance, an important feature of type 2 diabetes, is manifested as attenuated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in response to insulin binding. (diabetesjournals.org)

Multiplex proteomics could improve understanding and risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Multiprotein arrays could be useful in identifying individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at highest risk of a cardiovascular event. (springer.com)
Up to 40% of the US population will develop type 2 diabetes during their lifetime, and type 2 diabetes is an important contributor to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as myocardial infarction and stroke-the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries [ 2 ]. (springer.com)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is widely accepted that the cause of the obesity epidemic is a consequence of rapid changes in environment and lifestyle, but it is not clear why some individuals are more susceptible to an obesogenic environment than others [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that functional expression of GLUT2 in yeast requires the deletion of the extended extracellular loop connecting transmembrane domains TM1 and TM2, which appears to negatively affect the trafficking of the transporter in the heterologous expression system. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Advances in research techniques since then have shown the mitochondria in cancer cells to be functional across a range of tumour types. (researchgate.net)

We found that aged MTMR14 KO mice fed a normal chow diet exhibited increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glucose levels compared to age-matched WT controls. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, we studied the association between urinary epidermal growth factor (uEGF), a mitogenic factor involved in kidney repair, and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (bvsalud.org)

However, questions on how zinc transporters are regulated and effectively facilitate zinc flux contributing to cell signaling are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
A drug that promotes the initiation of IR signaling by enhancing IR autophosphorylation should, therefore, be useful for treating type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. (encyclopedia.pub)

Given these results, prior research and case-study evidence, it is reasonable to suggest that the two-fold higher asthma risk associated with 100% juice consumption is due to apple juice's high fructose-to-glucose ratio, and that the ~ 2.5/~ 3.5 times higher risk associated with soda/sports/fruit drinks intake is with the excess-free-fructose in HFCS. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK had no significant effect on TFAM and NRF-1 either in MKP-1-deficient macrophages or in wild-type macrophages. (cmich.edu)

These results suggest, therefore, that small nonpeptide molecules that directly sensitize the IR may be useful for treating type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Sarkosyl-insoluble fractions from sporadic AD (sAD) containing paired helical filaments (PHFs) were inoculated unilaterally into the thalamus in newborn and three-month-old wild-type C57BL/6 mice, which were killed at different intervals from 24 h to six months after inoculation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)

The purpose of the present paper is to report a rare case of GSD type 1b that presented both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma, and to discuss the possible explanation for this unusual finding. (opendentistryjournal.com)

Excess-free-fructose is fructose which occurs when the fructose-to-glucose ratio exceeds 1:1, as in HFCS and apple juice. (biomedcentral.com)

higher levels of glucose in the presence of oxygen with an associated increase in lacta te production. (researchgate.net)

The primary outcome was progressive decline in kidney function (PDKF), defined by a ≥40% sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage kidney disease within 5 years of follow-up. (bvsalud.org)

except during pregnancy, when it may increase) with glucose present in all urine samples. (medscape.com)
Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)
More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in an increase in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science3

Uptake16

Glycolytic5

Glut43

Blood glucose levels3

Metabolism6

Gene5

Proteins6

Intracellular3

Enzymes2

Tissues4

Protein5

SGLT21

Renal9

Cassette Transporters1

Metabolic7

Acute1

Secretion2

Mutations2

Excretion1

Additionally2

Homeostasis3

Inhibitors4

Mechanisms2

Hyperglycemia2

Sodium3

GLUT31

GLUT13

Diabetes mellitus3

Preferentially2

Lactate1

Reactive oxygen1

Plasma glucose1

Excess glucose1

Chronic1

Absence1

Carbohydrate1

Kidneys2

Genes1

Glutamate1

Receptor1

Cardiovascular3

Obesity2

Functional2

Triglyceride1

Patients with type 2 diabet1

Signaling2

Cytoplasm1

Consumption1

Inhibition1

MOLECULES1

Mice2

Peripheral1

Exceeds1

Levels1

Kidney disease1

Urine4