alpha-synuclein metabolism and aggregation is linked to ubiquitin-independent degradation by the proteasome. (ox.ac.uk)
Presynaptic terminals1
Beta-synuclein is a synuclein protein found primarily in brain tissue and is seen mainly in presynaptic terminals. (wikipedia.org)
Lewy4
alpha-Synuclein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease based on mutations in familial cases of the disease and its presence in Lewy bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
The major neuropathologic hallmarks of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions, so-called Lewy bodies (LB), composed primarily of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
α-synuclein fibrils are a major component of the intracellular Lewy bodies that are associated with Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. (biolegend.com)
In PD, an α-synuclein allele is genetically linked to several independent familial cases, and the protein appears to accumulate in Lewy bodies. (sysy.com)
SNCA10
In the present study, we aimed to clarify whether the MAPT haplotype influences expression of MAPT and SNCA , encoding the protein α-synuclein (α-syn), on mRNA and protein levels in postmortem brains of PD patients and controls. (biomedcentral.com)
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) as the presynaptic protein is expressed in different tissues and prevents insulin-resistance (IR) through increasing glucose-uptake by adipocytes and muscles. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the effect of insulin metabolism on SNCA expression has scarcely elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
In present study we assessed the probable effect of insulin resistance on SNCA expression in muscle C2C12 cells and also skeletal muscle tissues of type 2 diabetic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative quantitative real time PCR was used to assess the SNCA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The obtained results have showed a significant ~ 27% decrease in SNCA expression level in muscle tissue of diabetic mice (P = 0.022). (biomedcentral.com)
Type 2 diabetes due to insulin-resistance can decrease SNCA gene expression in muscles. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the role of SNCA in cell susceptibility to insulin and glucose uptake, the SNCA expression can also be affected by insulin metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA, α-Syn) as one of the members of synuclein protein family is mainly expressed in brain tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the basal expression of SNCA in the muscle cells in response to insulin has not been investigated to date, we decided to examine the expression of SNCA in insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) models of skeletal muscle cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurodegeneration1
2015. Human C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion reproduces RNA foci and dipeptide repeat proteins but not neurodegeneration in BAC transgenic mice . (cardiff.ac.uk)
Antibody2
Western blot of HRP anti-α-Synuclein, 80-96 antibody (clone A15115A). (biolegend.com)
IHC staining of HRP anti-α-Synuclein, 80-96 antibody (clone A15115A) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal (left panel) and Parkinson's disease (right panel) human brain tissues. (biolegend.com)
Parkinson's2
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of neuronal intracellular aggregates largely composed of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) protein. (mdpi.com)
Synucleins have been specifically implicated in three diseases: Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and breast cancer. (sysy.com)
Genes2
We also investigated mRNA expression of several other MAPT haplotype-encoded genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Synuclein proteins are produced by three genes. (sysy.com)
Amyloid1
In AD, a peptide derived from α-synuclein forms an intrinsic component of plaque amyloid. (sysy.com)
Neuronal4
The encoded protein, which may play a role in neuronal plasticity, is abundant in neurofibrillary lesions of patients with Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-synuclein regulates Akt activity in neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the brain, the protein is primarily neuronal, but it is also present in glia. (biolegend.com)
Neuronal α-synuclein is concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals, interacts with plasma membrane phospholipids, and is also present in nuclei and mitochondria. (biolegend.com)
20211
2021. β-synuclein potentiates synaptic vesicle dopamine uptake and rescues dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced death in the absence of other synucleins . (cardiff.ac.uk)
Neurodegenerative diseases1
Pathologic aggregates containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein occur within the brain in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, including AD, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition1
In this cellular model, proteasome inhibition leads to an increase of alpha-synuclein accumulation in vivo without ubiquitylation. (ox.ac.uk)
MRNA1
Homozygosity for H1 versus H2 was associated with increased total MAPT mRNA expression in ctx-fg regardless of disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
Isoforms2
Six tau isoforms are present in the human brain, which differ by expression of either 3 or 4 microtubule binding domain repeats (termed 3R or 4R isoforms) and the number of N-terminal inserts (termed 0N, 1N, 2N isoforms) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At least three isoforms of α-synuclein are produced through alternative splicing. (biolegend.com)
Primarily1
Tissue distribution: Primarily nervous system, but lower expression in other tissues such as blood and skin. (biolegend.com)
Plasticity2
In songbirds, α-synuclein expression is correlated with plasticity in the developing song control system. (sysy.com)
Although the normal function of synucleins is unknown, a role in synaptic plasticity seems likely. (sysy.com)
Dopamine1
α-synuclein's physiological role is poorly understood, but the protein has been implicated in regulating dopamine release and transport, synaptic vesicle clustering, and functioning as a SNARE-complex chaperone. (biolegend.com)
Peptide1
KLH-Conjugated synthetic peptide that included amino acid residues 80-96 of human α-synuclein. (biolegend.com)
Amino1
α-synuclein's canonical isoform is a 140 amino acid protein with an apparent molecular mass of 14 kD. (biolegend.com)
Transcript1
Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues1
Alpha-synuclein is expressed principally in the nervous system, but it is also produced in other tissues, including the skin. (biolegend.com)
Mechanism1
These findings suggest an ubiquitin-independent mechanism of proteasomal degradation for alpha-synuclein and other natively unfolded proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Brain1
These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. (wikipedia.org)
Beta2
Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, beta-synuclein may protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein and provide a novel treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
separation of proteins by PAGE and subsequent transfer to a membrane. (sysy.com)
Detection1
synucleins using ELISA and WB as detection method. (biolegend.com)
Normal1
All the mice were fed with a normal pellet diet (NPD) containing 5% fat, 50% carbohydrate, 25% protein and total calorific value 25 kJ/kg (Royan Institute, Iran) and free water 1 week before the initiation of the experiment and allowed to acclimatize to the laboratory environment. (biomedcentral.com)