• Our studies show that Brg1 maintains cardiomyocytes in an embryonic state, and demonstrate an epigenetic mechanism by which three classes of chromatin-modifying factors-Brg1, HDAC and PARP-cooperate to control developmental and pathological gene expression. (ca.gov)
  • Single-cell level characterization of embryonic development is a major benchmark of human developmental biology. (newswise.com)
  • We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 1980, biologists have successfully mapped the complete developmental process of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ), from single embryonic cells to the adult worm. (aaas.org)
  • The technique helped him reconstruct the detailed developmental trajectories of major cell types that form 15 human fetal organs such as the brain, heart, liver, and intestine. (aaas.org)
  • Understanding these early stages of development is crucial not only for unraveling the mysteries of life's origins but also for providing insights into potential causes of developmental disorders. (fnps-society.org)
  • The expression of HMGA proteins is high in early developmental stages in embryos and mesenchymal stem cells, whilst it is almost absent or very low in adult tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists use cerebral organoids, which are artificially produced miniature organs that represent embryonic or fetal brains and have many properties similar to them, to help them study developmental disorders like microcephaly. (asu.edu)
  • In the twenty-first century, Juergen Knoblich and Madeleine Lancaster at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Vienna, Austria, grew cerebral organoids from pluripotent stem cells as a model to study developmental disorders in embryonic and fetal brains. (asu.edu)
  • Scientists use cerebral organoids, which they've grown in labs, because they provide a manipulable model for studying how neural cells migrate during development, the timing of neural development, and how genetic errors can result in developmental disorders. (asu.edu)
  • When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
  • FACL4 was expressed in early stages of development with a significant amount of FACL4 mRNA detected in an E7 mouse embryo. (nih.gov)
  • After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
  • We have shown that embryonic and fetal globin mRNA and peptides are expressed in cultured erythroid cells and in circulating blood cells from newborns, adult non-pregnant women and from men. (hku.hk)
  • Supported by epidemiological data and experimental studies, specific mechanisms have been defined linking environmental perturbations, disrupted fetal and neonatal development and adult ill-health. (mdpi.com)
  • The gene encodes the interferon of a different animal species and therefore its expression product is less toxic to the host at an embryonic, fetal, neonatal or junvenile stage of development. (justia.com)
  • The Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Society (FNPS) stands at the forefront of research in this field, dedicated to unraveling the complexities of prenatal development through rigorous scientific inquiry. (fnps-society.org)
  • By investigating various aspects such as fetal circulation, respiratory adaptations, and neurodevelopmental processes, FNPS aims to decipher the intricacies of prenatal physiology and provide evidence-based guidelines for optimizing neonatal care. (fnps-society.org)
  • In summary, the Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Society (FNPS) plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of prenatal development through rigorous scientific inquiry. (fnps-society.org)
  • Here we found that prenatal LPS injection significantly decreased intestinal microvascular density, endothelial cell proliferation, and VEGF and VEGFR2 protein expression in neonatal mice. (northwestern.edu)
  • NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report provides new evidence that maternal inflammation decreases neonatal intestinal VEGF receptor 2 signaling and endothelial cell proliferation, impairs intestinal microvascular development, and predisposes neonatal mouse pups to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through inflammatory cytokines such as TNF. (northwestern.edu)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • Periconceptional, fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. (lu.se)
  • We report here the expression of this gene in tissues, particularly in different parts of the brain. (nih.gov)
  • We established the human embryonic organoid (HEMO) from expanded potential stem cells and achieved both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in the same organoid. (newswise.com)
  • RGCs in both tissues exhibited CD184 and CD171 expression and distinct expression patterns of the RGC markers BRN3 and RBPMS. (caltech.edu)
  • Here, we identified the coding sequence of the EZH2 gene and characterized its expression pattern in fetal tissues of Duroc pigs at 65- and 90-day postcoitus (dpc). (hindawi.com)
  • EZH2 was ubiquitously expressed in the fetal tissues of two time points with different expression levels. (hindawi.com)
  • These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • Considering the varieties of EZH2 splicing variant, identifying its transcript in porcine fetal tissues is the foundation to study its function. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, none of the EZH2 transcript variants have yet been identified in porcine fetal tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we identified a transcript variant of EZH2 in porcine fetal tissues by cloning and sequencing. (hindawi.com)
  • First, they extended the analysis of gene activity in umbilical cord stem cells previously examined by their University of Connecticut co-authors, determining that tobacco smoke increased the activity of genes that delay the development of mesoderm - the layer of tissue that gives rise to blood, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems - as well endoderm and ectoderm, the two other layers of embryonic cells that give rise to the tissues of the body. (ucsf.edu)
  • In a recent study published in Science , Cao examined gene expression at the single cell level for human fetal development using sci-RNA-seq3, profiling around five million cells from over 100 human fetal tissues. (aaas.org)
  • Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
  • The conclusion that PrP TSE is central to the pathogenesis of TSE is based on the temporal and anatomic correlations between accumulation of PrP TSE and the development of pathologic changes in tissues of the central nervous system ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Though fasting-mimicking diets play a role in managing chronic disease, they also improve motor coordination and memory, promote adult neurogenesis, promote β-cell regeneration and reverse β-cell failure in T2D, and promote expression of genes in pancreatic islets characteristic of embryonic and fetal development. (integrativepractitioner.com)
  • Since identification of EZH2 in the research of protooncogene product Vav [ 3 ], studies have shown that EZH2 is highly expressed in tumorigenesis, which regulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • They discovered that both nicotine and non-nicotine components of tobacco smoke increased the activity of genes that hold embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent, or undifferentiated, state. (ucsf.edu)
  • They also showed that the toxins increased activity of genes that delay the development of the three germ layers. (ucsf.edu)
  • They determined that sentinel genes in each pathway were over expressed, but one most prominently: Expression of the Nodal gene was 50- to 75-fold higher in nicotine and tobacco smoke-exposed cells, respectively, than in untreated cells. (ucsf.edu)
  • Unique expression patterns for these developmentally very related cell types revealed that CIS cells were very similar to gonocytes because only five genes distinguished these two cell types. (ku.dk)
  • Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular and immunocytological techniques were used to study the expression of embryonic zeta (ζ), epsilon (ε), and fetal gamma (γ) globin genes in newborn cord blood, peripheral blood from men, pregnant and non-pregnant women, and in vitro mononuclear cell cultures. (hku.hk)
  • For developing four new techniques that more efficiently profile the expression of RNA molecules in millions of single cells in worms, mice, and humans, mapping which genes are turned on and off in these cells throughout cell development, Junyue Cao is the grand prize winner of the 2020 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists . (aaas.org)
  • He was able to link specific factors controlling gene expression to their target genes across thousands of cancer cells. (aaas.org)
  • Rare mutations have been described in genes involved in ovarian development and/or function such as FSHR (MIM 136435), LHCGR (MIM 152790), BMP15 (MIM 300247), POF1B (MIM 300603), NOBOX (MIM 610934), INHA (MIM 147380), GDF9 (MIM 601918), NR5A1 (MIM 184757), and FIGLA (MIM 608697) and in meiotic genes [ 9 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • During development, humans and other jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata) express distinct hemoglobin genes, resulting in different hemoglobin tetramers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further showed the differential expression of other globin genes: Myoglobin 1 is most highly expressed in the reproductive adult, myoglobin 2 expression peaks in the larva. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The specific aims of this proposal are therefore to 1) determine the temporal effects of early BSp or GE administration on spontaneous breast cancer development in the offspring of transgenic mouse models, 2) evaluate specific epigenetic-controlled key genes such as hTERT, ER? (grantome.com)
  • The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
  • Keratin 12 expression was not altered in Tgfb2(-/-) mice, implicating normal corneal type epithelial differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Cell differentiation during embryonic-fetal development involves different epigenetic processes which, if altered, may affect either somatic or germ cells. (bmj.com)
  • Here we show that Brg1, a chromatin-remodelling protein, has a critical role in regulating cardiac growth, differentiation and gene expression. (ca.gov)
  • It preserves fetal cardiac differentiation by interacting with histone deacetylase (HDAC) and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) to repress alpha-MHC and activate beta-MHC. (ca.gov)
  • Although many differentiation protocols in the literature have been successful in mimicking lung development from stem cells, there has not been an examination of how a specific mutation impacts the differentiation process including its effects on the early endoderm, as well as the proximal and distal lung epithelial cell populations in the lung organoids. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • They also established that at least some of the impact was mediated through several molecular pathways known to play a role in differentiation.In one of the pathways, the toxins dramatically increased the activity of a key gene that keeps embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state, suggesting that its disruption might be responsible for much of the delay seen in embryonic development. (ucsf.edu)
  • Finally, they assessed gene expression in three stem cell differentiation pathways, known as Notch, canonical Wnt and TGF-β. (ucsf.edu)
  • The findings suggest that during erythroid cell differentiation in newborns and adults, there is a transient recapitulation of sequential globin chain expression as found during embryonic and fetal development. (hku.hk)
  • Although the exocrine differentiation appeared normal, development of islet tissue was impaired. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, atRA or TTNPB promoted β-cell differentiation accompanied by enhanced expression of vascular basement component, laminin. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We further demonstrated that atRA regulated vascularization via upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) secretion in embryonic pancreas and treatment with VEGF-A was able to partially rescue vascularization and β-cell differentiation in DEAB-treated embryonic pancreas cultures. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The high proliferation and differentiation capacity of fetal MSCs and the role of fetal pancreatic-derived MSCs (FPMSCs) in islet generation make them good candidates for diabetes treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, these findings underscore the need for caution in using embryonic and fetal globin chains as markers to identify erythroid cells of fetal origin in maternal circulation for prenatal diagnosis. (hku.hk)
  • However, the prenatal effects of maternal vitamin A deficiency on pancreas development have not been clearly determined. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The present study examined how maternal vitamin A deficiency affects fetal islet development. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We found that maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy affected fetal pancreas development. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The findings explain why maternal vitamin A deficiency affects fetal islet development and support an essential role of retinoid signaling in regulating vascularized islet development. (bath.ac.uk)
  • This research has implications for understanding how prenatal exposures, such as maternal smoking or exposure to pollutants, can impact fetal development and contribute to disease susceptibility later in life. (fnps-society.org)
  • Factors such as maternal nutrition, stress levels, exposure to toxins, and socioeconomic status can all influence fetal development. (fnps-society.org)
  • In particular, the maternal BSp diet results in a delay of breast cancer onset, whereas a GE diet promotes breast cancer development, in the offspring of C3(1)-SV40 Tag transgenic mice that spontaneously develop breast cancer. (grantome.com)
  • Maternal and fetal serum TNF concentrations were measured by ELISA. (northwestern.edu)
  • Prenatal LPS injection increased maternal and fetal serum levels of TNF. (northwestern.edu)
  • The encoded protein is the I-branching enzyme, a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for the conversion of fetal i antigen to adult I antigen in erythrocytes during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
  • To characterize RGCs in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived retinal organoids we examined RGC markers and surface antigen expression and made comparisons to human fetal retina. (caltech.edu)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is brain. (lu.se)
  • The RNA-binding protein NANOS3 poses as an interesting candidate gene for POI since members of the Nanos family have an evolutionarily conserved function in germ cell development and maintenance by repressing apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • The identification of an inactivating missense mutation in NANOS3 suggests a mechanism for POI involving increased primordial germ cells (PGCs) apoptosis during embryonic cell migration and highlights the importance of NANOS proteins in human ovarian biology. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, protein synthesis during embryonic development does not seem to be as intense a stress as is required for apoptosis that is found during postnatal remodelling. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)
  • Adult cardiomyocytes in mice primarily express alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC, also known as Myh6), whereas embryonic cardiomyocytes express beta-MHC (also known as Myh7). (ca.gov)
  • So far, the expression pattern and the function of EZH2 have been broadly studied in humans [ 11 ] and mice [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • IGF2 is the less characterized member of this family, and in mice and rats its expression in the brain occurs during embryonic development and adulthood but declines during aging [ 2 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Moreover, in aged mice and rats, the hippocampal expression of IGF2 is decreased, and adenoassociated viral vector (AAV)-mediated overexpression of IGF2 or recombinant administration of this peptide in the hippocampus restored hippocampal-dependent memory and dendritic spine density impairments [ 16 , 17 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • A team of researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine and Mount Sinai Hospital developed two novel models of humanized mice using five human embryonic stem cell lines. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • The cerebral organoid provides researchers with a model to study human brain development when features of that development cannot be modeled in other organisms, such as mice, because their brains develop differently than do human brains. (asu.edu)
  • Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
  • In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Pregnancies ending in miscarriages, they found, often had fewer of these growth-promoting NK cells, suggesting that NK cells contribute to embryo development through the expression of these growth factors. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • This review summarises the main epigenetic processes that influence gene expression and cell specification at different stages of development. (bmj.com)
  • Scientists have gained insight into how second-hand tobacco smoke damages the earliest stages of human embryonic development. (ucsf.edu)
  • We are excited about the future applications of this technique in characterizing cell state heterogeneity and cell population dynamics across different development stages of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory disease," said Cao, an assistant professor at The Rockefeller University. (aaas.org)
  • We observed the space-time expression changes of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) at different stages of fetal development, including a marked decrease in the sera of NTD pregnancies and gradual increase in the sera of normal pregnancies with embryonic development. (blogspot.com)
  • At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
  • Postnatal TNF administration in vivo decreased intestinal microvasculature density, endothelial cell proliferation, and VEGF and VEGFR2 protein expression and increased the incidence of severe NEC. (northwestern.edu)
  • Cadmium is one such contaminant of soils and water bodies known to affect DNA methylation, an epigenetic DNA modification with a key role in sexual development of TSD vertebrate embryos. (nsf.gov)
  • The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • This mechanism requires methyl groups derived from the human diet (e.g. folate, choline, and methionine of the homocysteine pathway) to establish appropriate gene activating and silencing patterns during embryonic and fetal development 9 . (aprifel.com)
  • Here, we defined the single-cell spatiotemporal gene expression landscape of human embryonic development with stem-cell-derived organoids. (newswise.com)
  • Time-series single-cell RNA sequencing paired with single-cell resolution spatial revealed human embryonic development signatures such as extraembryonic placenta, yolk sac hematopoiesis neural crest, blood vessels, and cardiac mesoderm. (newswise.com)
  • Vitronectin-integrin signaling, a major contributor to megakaryocyte maturation, was predominant in the yolk sac niche in HEMO and to human fetal samples. (newswise.com)
  • Overall, our study advances the spatiotemporal analysis of human embryonic development in stem-cell-derived organoids. (newswise.com)
  • Furthermore, observations made in the retinal organoid model closely parallel those in human fetal retina further validating use of retinal organoid to model early retinal development. (caltech.edu)
  • EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • The UCSF-led team made its discovery by studying the impact of smoke on human embryonic stem cells as they differentiated, or specialized into various cell types, in the culture dish. (ucsf.edu)
  • Next, they exposed human embryonic stem cells in the culture dish either to tobacco smoke or nicotine at concentrations found in fetal blood. (ucsf.edu)
  • They also highlight the power of human embryonic stem cells as a model of human development. (ucsf.edu)
  • In this context, we aimed to determine whether cannabis exposure has the potential to directly impact the human fetal testis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate the presence in the human fetal testis of two key endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and to a lower level anandamide (AEA), as well as a range of enzymes and receptors for the ECS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The understanding of human hemoglobin ontogeny during development is of biological and clinical importance. (hku.hk)
  • The focus was on the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) replacement with pooled human serum (HS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In our recent study, we examined the impact of the three-dimensional co-culture of FPMSCs on human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors' development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the HEK293 human embryonic kidney stem cell line was also used. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • Each phase in human development has different susceptibilities to the effects of environmental toxicants. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the most important risk factors for breast cancer is the individual genetic background which is initially generated early in human life;for example, during the processes of embryogenesis and fetal development in utero. (grantome.com)
  • In human embryos, cerebral tissue in the form of neuroectoderm appears within the first nine weeks of human development, and it gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. (asu.edu)
  • In 2013, Lancaster, Knoblich, and their team published their paper "Cerebral Organoids Model Human Brain Development and Microcephaly", in which they detail how skin stem cells from a patient with genetic microcephaly developed into neurons when put into a nutrient rich solution. (asu.edu)
  • Although the cerebral organoid provides a model by which to study human brain development, its small size and lesser complexity as compared to a fully-grown brain limits its role as a model. (asu.edu)
  • Cerebral Organoids Model Human Brain Development and Microcephaly. (asu.edu)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • The retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) of retinal organoids expressed CD184, consistent with its expression in the neuroblastic layer in fetal retina. (caltech.edu)
  • The differential expression timing of CD184 and CD171 permits identification and enrichment of RGCs from retinal organoids at differing maturation states from committed progenitors to differentiating neurons. (caltech.edu)
  • In this review, we discuss the induction protocols for kidney organoids and tubuloids, as well as their potential applications in understanding kidney development, renal pathogenesis, and drug screening. (j-organoid.org)
  • This article describes how different classes of epigenetic regulators (BAF, HDAC, PARP) work together to control heart muscle development in embryos and heart function in the adult. (ca.gov)
  • Cardiac stress triggers adult hearts to undergo hypertrophy and a shift from alpha-MHC to fetal beta-MHC expression. (ca.gov)
  • A proportion of hemoglobin in young infants is still in the form of fetal hemoglobin, more readily oxidized to methemoglobin (MHg) by nitrites than is adult hemoglobin. (cdc.gov)
  • Embryonic and fetal hemoglobin have higher oxygen affinities than the adult hemoglobin, sustaining the oxygen demand of the developing organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the development from the parasitic to the reproductive adult, the composition of hemoglobin changes again, with a massive increase of chain aHb1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, the ontogeny of sea lamprey hemoglobins essentially recapitulates their phylogeny, with the embryonic hemoglobins emerging first, followed by the evolution of larval and adult hemoglobins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the fetal Hb is composed of two α and two γ chains, which change to the adult Hb form (2 × α, 2 × β) during the first year after birth [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryonic and fetal Hb have higher oxygen affinities than adult Hb, which is essential to overcome the placental barrier in mammals [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found stress related chaperones were more abundant in embryonic compared to adult hearts, indicating endoplasmic reticulum stress during normal cardiac development. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)
  • 2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)
  • Microcephalin is a gene expressed in humans during fetal brain development that enables neurons to migrate and form the cerebral cortex. (asu.edu)
  • Preventing Brg1 re-expression decreases hypertrophy and reverses this MHC switch. (ca.gov)
  • [ 7 ] and loss of BH4 in the fetal brain decreases neuronal function. (medscape.com)
  • In the USA, while fetal exposure to tobacco decreases, cannabis use during pregnancy rises along with the enhanced perception that there are no risks with cannabis consumption during pregnancy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early embryogenesis includes a series of programming processes involving extremely accurate time-controlled gene activation/silencing expression, and epigenetic control is believed to play a key role in regulating early embryonic development. (grantome.com)
  • Hypothesis: Our main hypothesis is that BSp or GE bioactive natural plant products impact early embryonic development by affecting epigenetic profiles resulting in different susceptibility to breast cancer later in life in the transgenic mouse models. (grantome.com)
  • PCSK9 could serve as a novel molecular biomarker for the non-invasive prenatal screening of NTDs and may be involved in the pathogenesis of NTDs at critical periods of fetal development. (blogspot.com)
  • They can be used to study cellular and metabolic biology without the use of an animal model or fetal tissue. (nature.com)
  • Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Alterations in its expression have an impact both in tissue overgrowth as well as reduce growth observed in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and the Silver-Russell syndrome, respectively [ 3 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • It has become clear, however, that the susceptibility of cells to infection with TSE agents cannot be reliably predicted either from their tissue of origin or level of expression of PrP C ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We speculate that disturbed development of somatic cells in the fetal testis may play a role in allowing undifferentiated cells to survive in the postnatal testes. (ku.dk)
  • Cannabis action is mediated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which expression is well established in the brain but unknown in the developing testis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using sci-RNA-seq, he was able to profile nearly 50,000 cells, recover rare neuronal cell types, and define the genetic expression of 27 distinct cell types in the C. elegans worm. (aaas.org)
  • However, the cerebral organoid, unlike a naturally formed brain, did not develop neuronal networks, and it was less functional but still useful for assessing how drugs affect a developing embryonic brain. (asu.edu)
  • It is reactivated by cardiac stresses and forms a complex with its embryonic partners, HDAC and PARP, to induce a pathological alpha-MHC to beta-MHC shift. (ca.gov)
  • Likewise, embryos incubated under broader fluctuations around warmer profiles experience mostly feminizing temperatures, some dangerously high (which increase mortality), and fewer colder values that are insufficient to induce male development. (nsf.gov)
  • Many cardiac pathologies cause activation of the fetal gene program, and we asked the reverse: could activation of the fetal gene program during development induce endoplasmic reticulum stress/chaperones? (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
  • Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Osr1 -expressing cell clusters spatially regulate Six2 expression, which in turn induces the cap mesenchymal population. (j-organoid.org)
  • A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic molecules, including proteoglycans, regulate embryonic and postnatal brain development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our study suggests that prenatal inflammation increases the susceptibility to NEC, downregulates intestinal VEGFR2 signaling, and affects perinatal intestinal microvascular development via a TNF mechanism. (northwestern.edu)
  • [ 15 ] demonstrated a specific role of the endothelial cell BH4 deficiency and eNOS uncoupling in the development of angiotensin II-induced vascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • These studies set the stage for determining the roles of NOVOcan in brain cell lineage patterns as well as in other aspects of development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Scientists can directly identify gene expression patterns in individual cells, but the process relies on physically isolating single cells into compartments - a limitation akin to a queue that only allows people to pass through one by one. (aaas.org)
  • states'' or gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • Results revealed that cadmium alters transcription of Dmrt1 and aromatase, overriding the normal thermal effects during embryogenesis, which could potentially disrupt the sexual development of TSD turtles. (nsf.gov)
  • This occurs presumably because wider oscillations around cooler profiles expose embryos to very low temperatures that inhibit development, and to feminizing temperatures where most embryogenesis accrues. (nsf.gov)
  • We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
  • During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • lt;br />To identify candidate serum molecule biomarkers for the non-invasive early prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs), we employed an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to analyze the proteomic changes in serum samples from embryonic day (E) 11 and E13 pregnant rats with spina bifida aperta (SBA) induced by all-trans retinoic acid. (blogspot.com)
  • Expression was not reported, and the purpose of the study was to show that the technique could be used to study gene action during mammalian development. (justia.com)
  • NOVOcan was expressed in cells lining the ventricles, including a variety of radial glia during early postnatal development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mechanisms of Development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cao's fourth technique, called sci-FATE, further uncovered insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms that are essential to a cell's development, by incorporating the factor of time. (aaas.org)
  • By studying fetal programming mechanisms, FNPS aims to identify ways to mitigate these risks through targeted interventions during pregnancy. (fnps-society.org)
  • Scientists have known for some time that these cells are important for the healthy development of the placenta and its blood vessels, but the full picture of their contribution wasn't appreciated. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Knoblich and Lancaster found that when when the gene had specific kinds of mutations, the expression of the mutated gene during development caused genetic microcephaly. (asu.edu)
  • Lung development is a complicated process that involves the specialization of multiple bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial populations. (nature.com)
  • During the metanephric development process, epiblasts expressing T (brachyury) give rise to nascent mesoderm on embryonic day (E) 7.5. (j-organoid.org)
  • In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The findings reveal the widespread impact of both nicotine and non-nicotine components of tobacco smoke on early embryonic development, according to Bernstein. (ucsf.edu)
  • By investigating factors that influence placental development and function, FNPS aims to improve our understanding of these conditions and develop strategies for early detection and intervention. (fnps-society.org)
  • During early embryonic development, the tela choroidea represents a portion of the pia and, together with the adjacent ependyma, forms the roof of the diencephalon. (medscape.com)
  • Replication may be categorized into immediate early, delayed early, and late gene expression based on time of synthesis after infection. (medscape.com)
  • On day E10.5 of murine development, the metanephric mesenchyme secretes glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (j-organoid.org)
  • Address correspondence to: Paolo Giacobini, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition UMR-S 1172, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, France. (jci.org)
  • The reduced NO production in endothelial cells treated with dexamethasone was mainly attributable to reduced eNOS expression and decreased eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177. (medscape.com)
  • The expression profile of CIS cells was compared with microdissected gonocytes, oogonia, and cultured embryonic stem cells with and without genomic aberrations. (ku.dk)
  • We did not find indications that CIS was derived from a meiotic cell, and the similarity to embryonic stem cells was modest compared with gonocytes. (ku.dk)
  • The further development of CIS into invasive germ cell tumors may depend on signals from their postpubertal niche of somatic cells, including hormones and growth factors from Leydig and Sertoli cells. (ku.dk)
  • To enable an even deeper understanding of the interactions and relationships between cells during development, Cao developed a third technique called sci-CAR, which captures multiple aspects of cellular biology within a single cell. (aaas.org)
  • NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • For integration into the FRT docking site, cells were co-transfected with the FLP expression vector pCSFLPe and the corresponding integration vector at a ratio of 9 to 1. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • For conditional expression of transgenes, cells were cultured in 1 g/ml doxycycline or 1 M Shld1. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • Transcription factor over-expression is a proven method for reprogramming cells to a desired cell type for regenerative medicine and therapeutic discovery. (nature.com)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
  • Although meningiomas commonly arise in locations where meningothelial cells are found, the embryonic origin of intraventricular and pulmonary meningiomas are intriguing. (medscape.com)
  • One remarkable case study exemplifying FNPS's commitment to advancing knowledge in prenatal development involves a premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation. (fnps-society.org)
  • In embryos, Brg1 promotes myocyte proliferation by maintaining Bmp10 and suppressing p57(kip2) expression. (ca.gov)
  • Our study is aimed at providing information for understanding the biological function of EZH2 in porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • We compare methods that use gene expression, biological networks and chromatin accessibility data, and comprehensively test parameter and preprocessing of input data to optimize performance. (nature.com)
  • Prenatal development encompasses the intricate physiological processes that occur during pregnancy, shaping the growth and maturation of the developing fetus. (fnps-society.org)
  • Through its collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and other stakeholders within the healthcare community, FNPS fosters interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at improving our understanding of prenatal development. (fnps-society.org)
  • This article will delve into key areas of focus for FNPS's research initiatives, delving into topics such as placental function, fetal programming, epigenetics , and the impact of environmental factors on prenatal health. (fnps-society.org)
  • It refers to the concept that events occurring during prenatal development can have long-lasting effects on an individual's health later in life. (fnps-society.org)
  • Epigenetics is an emerging field within prenatal development research that explores how gene expression can be influenced by environmental factors without altering the underlying DNA sequence. (fnps-society.org)
  • Our data suggest that alteration of intestinal microvascular development may be a key mechanism by which premature infants exposed to prenatal inflammation are at risk for NEC and preserving the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathway may help prevent NEC development. (northwestern.edu)