Expression 1996 autocrine fibroblast growth factor 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

Apart from a minor direct effect on the proliferation and survival of cancer cells in other systems [ 15 ], and the recent report on its role in immune evasion via mediating B7-H1 expression on monocytes to suppress cytotoxic T cell activity [ 13 ], the major protumor role of IL-17 in inflammation-associated cancer relies on fostering angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. (genominfo.org)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
H-Ras isoform modulates extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation, and migration in fibroblasts. (univ-paris5.fr)
The TGF-β family forms an important group of growth factors, consisting of three isoforms in man, and is important for matrix deposition because it modulates fibroblast recruitment and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Reversible inhibition of normal human prokeratinocyte proliferation by type beta transforming growth factor-growth inhibitor in serum-free medium. (academicinfluence.com)
Local factors, including transcription factors such as SRY-box 9 protein (SOX9), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), along with signaling pathways such as the Wnt pathway, play critical roles in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. (pfmjournal.org)
Hypertrophic chondrocytes, a progeny of terminally differentiated chondrocytes from the proliferative zone, cease further proliferation, undergo hypertrophy in columns parallel to the axis of longitudinal elongation, and initiate the production of factors that trigger mineralization and vessel invasion. (pfmjournal.org)
Growth hormone (GH), sex hormone, thyroid hormone, as well as glucocorticoids affect chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. (pfmjournal.org)
Signals emanating from focal adhesions have been shown to promote survival, differentiation and proliferation [ 5 ]. (thno.org)

In contrast, the peritumoral stroma is highly infiltrated with various immune cells that actively secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines for enhancing cell growth, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Viallard et al demonstrated that, when stimulated, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eosinophilic fasciitis patients produce significantly higher amounts of five cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. (medscape.com)
The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Some cytokines act as competence rather than progression factors, some lack secretory signals, and some must be processed and released from the pericellular matrix or basement membranes (eg transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β ] binding to chondroitin or the keratan sulfate of biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, or basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor binding to the heparin sulfate of glypican, perlecan and syndecan). (biomedcentral.com)
TGF-β induces the expression of several growth factors and cytokines in prostate stromal cells, including IL-6, and BMP-6. (oncotarget.com)
Angiogenic Factors and Cytokines in Diabetic Retinopathy. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Members of the ADAM family contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulation of molecules like growth factors or cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
The mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was enhanced. (biomedcentral.com)
The suppressive effects of MSC-derived exosomes and the MSCs in this injury model were evaluated by the level of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathological examinations, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the population alteration of regulatory T cells (Treg) among non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs). (biomedcentral.com)
With high levels of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, this combination provides both a living bioscaffold and a multipotent cell replenishment source useful for enhanced musculoskeletal healing. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
Because these regions are related to complexed signal transduction pathways mediated by cytokines , it has been proposed that cytokines and neurotropic factors can induce NK-1. (wikidoc.org)
Also, SP can induce the cytokines that are capable of inducing NK-1 transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been frequently implicated in breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
18 These signal exchanges promote activation of some cellular pathways that are essential for DPC growth, function, and survival, such as the activation of Wnt signaling pathway. (benitonovas.com)

bFGF is a chemotactic and mitogenic factor for fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts through its receptor KDR, a receptor tyrosine kinase 85. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Endomembrane H-Ras controls vascular endothelial growth factor-induced nitric-oxide synthase-mediated endothelial cell migration. (univ-paris5.fr)
A number of molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) have been identified as positive regulators of angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

FGF5 is produced in the outer root sheath of the hair follicle as well as perifollicular macrophages, with maximum expression occurring in the late anagen phase of the hair cycle. (wikipedia.org)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

[ 7 ] IL-5 is known to activate mature eosinophils and to stimulate eosinophil chemotaxis, growth, and differentiation. (medscape.com)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
Growth, metabolism, and differentiation of chondrocytes, which are the key cellular players in this process, are regulated by systemic hormones, local factors, and cellular signaling pathways. (pfmjournal.org)
These factors regulate gene expression, cell differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. (pfmjournal.org)
Chondrocyte growth, metabolism, and differentiation are complex processes. (pfmjournal.org)
15 , 16 Some of these signals stimulate differentiation of SCs to keratinocytes which are important for HF growth. (benitonovas.com)
Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)

Instead, recent findings suggest that alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells undergoing EMT promote a pro-fibrotic microenvironment through paracrine signalling activating local fibroblasts. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine-like processes)) may not naturally subside in diseases marked by chronic inflammation (including cancer). (wikidoc.org)

In the tissues, the end effector cell of fibrosis is the fibroblast. (medscape.com)
Mori et al suggested that an autocrine stimulatory loop involving major basic protein, a product of eosinophil degranulation, IL-6, which enhances collagen production and is induced my major basic protein, and TGF-beta could account for the progressive fibrosis seen in several eosinophil prominent disorders. (medscape.com)
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are now considered to be the key contributors of pancreatic fibrosis (5, 11, 135). (pancreapedia.org)
Depletion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis induces immunosuppression and accelerates pancreas cancer with reduced survival. (academicinfluence.com)

The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)

The majority of FGF family members are glycosaminoglycan binding proteins which possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. (wikipedia.org)
T H 17, and its effector molecules interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22, are potent inducers of tissue inflammation and have been associated with a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Injury to vascular tissue initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade by releasing intracellular calcium and tissue factor that activate factor VII . (medscape.com)
Platelets elaborate a number of proinflammatory substances, such as adenosine diphosphate, tissue growth factor beta (TGF-ß), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF). (medscape.com)
Fibroblasts from lesional tissue of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis produce excess collagen in vitro and display elevated TGF-beta and type 1 collagen mRNA levels when examined via in situ hybridization with specific cDNA. (medscape.com)
Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
This growth factor also stimulates production of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, tenascin and thrombospondin, diminishes production of extracellularly active neutral endoproteinases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine proteinase families, and stimulates production of endogenous MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase [TIMP]) and serpins (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). (biomedcentral.com)
3 In veterinary medicine, AD-SC's have been utilized effectively for over ten years in the treatment of osteoarthritic joints 4, 5 and connective tissue injuries, showing an over 80% success rate in blinded placebo controlled canine clinical trials. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
[5] Its tissue distribution and biologic actions were further investigated over the following decades. (wikidoc.org)

Among one of the actionable targets is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. (123dok.org)
The FGFR family is characterized by four receptors, binding to 18 ligands called fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), employing heparin as a co-factor [2-4]. (123dok.org)
Aberrant expression and activities of c-Met and RON in cancer are attributed to various mechanisms including increased expression of their ligands or receptors and by activating mutations [ 4 , 15 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Exosomes are a nanoparticle containing microRNA and many ligands and are recognized as important factors secreted from MSC to express their function. (biomedcentral.com)

The development of isolation and culture methods for PSCs in 1998 helped to unravel the mechanisms involved in the process of pancreatic fibrogenesis (5, 11) and also helped researchers to investigate the functions of these cells both in health and disease. (pancreapedia.org)

Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In numerous genetic studies of long haired phenotypes of animals it has been shown that small changes in the FGF5 gene can disrupt its expression, leading to an increase in the length of the anagen phase of the hair cycle, resulting in phenotypes with extremely long hair. (wikipedia.org)
Microarray gene expression performed in 251 sarcomas revealed significantly higher expression of TYRO3 and GAS6 in LMS than other sarcomas. (nature.com)
The complex dephosphorylates NFAT (NFAT‐P), which can now translocate to the nucleus where it alters gene expression. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cholinergic sprouting in the hippocampus after removal of entorhinal cortical inputs, we evaluated trophic factor gene expression in the denervated hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Several molecular mechanisms may count for this AR re-activation in CRPC, including AR gene amplification/overexpression, AR mutation, the presence of AR splice variants, enhanced AR co-regulators signaling, alterations in steroid metabolism, growth factor and/or cytokine induced AR activation etc [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Over expression of c-Met but seldom RON is linked to gene amplification [ 16 - 18 ]. (oncotarget.com)
These findings are associated with a reduced gene expression of osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, calcitonin receptor (CTR), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and RUNX2. (biomedcentral.com)
IGF-I replacement therapy normalized CTR gene expression and reduced markers of osteoclastic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

These recent data highlight a growing appreciation for LTs as pleiotropic effectors, which are integral components in the network of molecules that mediate the expression of asthma. (springer.com)
However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
The majority of studies has investigated the function of nerve growth factor (NGF), the best-characterized member of the neurotrophin family of trophic molecules ( Korsching, 1993 ). (jneurosci.org)
These therapies include FDA-approved medications, non-prescription physical or chemical agents, natural ingredients, small molecules, biologic factors, and signals derived from SCs. (benitonovas.com)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)

Kay et al report increased VEGF and bFGF in the supernatant of CLL cells grown in vitro and upregulation of mRNA encoding VEGF and its receptors and bFGF, suggesting that angiogenic factors are important in the biology of the malignant B-cell clone [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
7 It has been shown that proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), also exert signals to maintain the capacity of DPCs to induce HF growing in vivo and in vitro. (benitonovas.com)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

The change in morphology is accompanied by molecular change initiated by several pathways and signalling factors which regulate expression of transcription factors (EMT-TFs), including Snail, ZEB, Twist and others 6 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
Pleotropic signalling factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt/β-catenin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) can initiate EMT, in turn, these factors regulate expression of EMT-TFs. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)

Aggressive, transformed or transfected mesenchymal cells containing proto-oncogenes can act in the absence of lymphocytes, but whether these cells represent regressed fibroblasts, chondrocytes or bone marrow stem cells is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Biologic factors that include signaling from stem cells, dermal papilla cells, and platelet-rich plasma are some of the current therapeutic agents being studied for hair restoration with milder side effects. (benitonovas.com)
Its receptor - the neurokinin type 1 - is distributed over cytoplasmic membranes of many cell types (neurons, glia, endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics, fibroblasts, stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. (wikidoc.org)

Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. (springer.com)

These promote the repression of epithelial features by suppressing E-cadherin expression, and induction of mesenchymal features, in part, through the activation of mesenchymal genes N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin, which are responsible for cell-cell adhesion, cell motility, and migration 6-11 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a polypeptide growth factor that acts on the growth, migration and morphogenesis of many cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)
The regulatory proteins, SMADs activate nuclear transcription factors through MAPK 132. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Despite many types of investigation that have been performed, the most critical genes and signaling pathways taking part in the etiology of the disease have not been fully demonstrated [ 5 ]. (genominfo.org)
Schematic inflammatory pathways involving growth factors, vasomodulators, and infectious stimuli in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
In this review, we summarized key regulatory factors and signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte functions, to understand how they affect chondrocyte growth and development. (pfmjournal.org)

Extracellular factors that influence integrin activation are ligand binding, divalent cation concentration, chemokine signaling and mechanical stress. (thno.org)

EGF (epidermal growth factor), TNF‐α, and PDGF (platelet‐derived growth factor) act through tyrosine kinase receptors and are partially transduced by intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) 95. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Approximately 30% of the adult cases harbor an internal tandem duplication ( FLT3 -ITD) and 5- 10% a tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) amino acid substitution ( FLT3-TKD ). (dovepress.com)

The extent of enhanced bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and relationship to proangiogenic factors and prognostic indicators is largely unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
Long bone growth is a fundamental determinant of final height. (pfmjournal.org)
This review provides an overview of the structural aspects of the growth plate, factors influencing chondrocyte function, and their impact on longitudinal bone growth. (pfmjournal.org)
Long bone growth plays a pivotal role in determining overall height. (pfmjournal.org)
This, in turn, precipitates chondrocyte apoptosis, thereby, osteoblasts invade the hypertrophic zone and bone formation occurs [ 5 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
Bone is one of the major target tissues for Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I). Low doses of IGF-I were able to improve liver-associated osteopenia. (biomedcentral.com)
Low doses of IGF-I constituted a real replacement therapy that normalized IGF-I serum levels improving the expression of most of these proteins closely involved in bone-forming, and reducing bone resorption by mechanisms related to osteoprotegerin, RANKL and PTH receptor. (biomedcentral.com)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). (spandidos-publications.com)

These data suggest that the germline Int7G24A variant may represent a risk factor for invasive breast cancer and a marker for breast cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
In recent years, the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer initiation, progression and metastasis of an important subset of human cancers [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
c-Met and RON show increased expression or activity in a variety of tumors leading to tumor progression and may play a role in acquired resistance to therapy. (oncotarget.com)

Although the development of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, which suppress interleukin (IL)-2 expression and T cell-mediated immune responses, was a breakthrough, their adverse effects are still a major problem in the long-term follow-up of transplant recipients. (biomedcentral.com)

Although much evidence supports the role of endogenous NGF in promoting neuronal survival in vivo ( Barde, 1989 ), less is known about its ability to influence axonal growth. (jneurosci.org)
AR signaling is essential for the growth and survival of prostate cancer (PCa), including most of the lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). (oncotarget.com)
27 Together, dermal blood vessels and DPCs orchestrate a suitable microenvironment for the growth and survival of HFSCs. (benitonovas.com)

1997;97(3):32-5. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
1996) and were found capable of secreting neurotransmitters (Elwan and Sakuragawa, 1997). (scielo.org.ar)

MMPs now comprise a group of 18 different enzymes in man, including the classic fibroblast collagenase MMP-1 (collagenase-1), the mesenchymal form of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (biomedcentral.com)
Transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism. (academicinfluence.com)

These growth factors act on surrounding cells and stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, monocytes, and fibroblasts to the area of injury. (medscape.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic factors have almost no higher impact in most neonatal tumors. (bvsalud.org)
A careful analysis of c-Met/RON expression or activity and a better elucidation of how they influence cell signaling will be useful in predicting which tumors respond best to these inhibitors as well as determining which agents can be used with these inhibitors for combined therapy. (oncotarget.com)

High expression of TYRO3 and AXL was detected in LMS cell lines. (nature.com)
In general, the pathophysiology underlying eosinophilic fasciitis is postulated to involve an inflammatory response resulting in an activated inflammatory cell infiltrate of affected tissues and subsequent dysregulation of extracellular matrix production by lesional fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) up-regulates cell behaviors and subsequent wound healing. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
We performed in-house TGR IFA by using R. typhi strain Wilmington and R. prowazekii strain Madrid E grown in L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture. (cdc.gov)
By virtue of expressions of glial and neural surface markers and capability of neurotransmitter metabolism, amniotic epithelial cells are considered as candidate cell type for transplantation strategies to treat neurological disorders. (scielo.org.ar)
Further studies will establish the nature of this novel factor which will enhance the application of this interesting cell type for neural transplantations. (scielo.org.ar)
Based on the neurotropism exerted by amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium, a diffusible neurotrophic factor produced by them had been suggested as a possible cause apart from direct cell-to-cell effects (Uchida et al. (scielo.org.ar)
Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The effects were also observed at very low peptide concentrations (10 -13 M) with no apparent linear correlation between peptide dosage and increase of fluorescence intensity,which implied co-expression of different corticotropin releasing factor receptor forms in the same cell. (biologists.com)
In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)
The stemness of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by sphere formation assay and western blot analysis for expression levels of cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44).The expression levels of cancer-associated fibroblast markers (FAP-α and α-SMA) were employed to evaluate pathologic activation of LX-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stemness was induced by condition mediumfrom hepatic stellate cellline LX-2(HSC-CM) that was activated by liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line (SMMC-7721-derived LCSLCs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The fate of the cell is deter- mined by coordinated and dynamic interactions among a number of factors, acting in a defined microenviron- ment. (unicyte.ch)

CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) causes upregulation of its receptor CX3CR1 on CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes 5. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
CCL5 (RANTES) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) attract T and B lymphocytes. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Other growth factors involved in vascular remodeling include platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
The vascular endothelium of the mature ovarian follicle maintains the capacity for rapid growth in response to angiogenic signals elaborated during the periovulatory process. (biomedcentral.com)

Amniotic epithelial cells were believed to secrete an 'Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) - like' factor and exact identification was not made. (scielo.org.ar)
As E18 cortical neurons would not normally respond to neurotrophic factors other than Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), they hypothesized that it could be EGF. (scielo.org.ar)
[11] The SP receptor promoter contains regions that are sensitive to cAMP , AP-1 , AP-4 , CEBPB , [12] and epidermal growth factor . (wikidoc.org)

PSPN not only binds GFRα4 but also signals in neurons mediated by GFRα1 [ 5 ]. (medsci.org)
[10] They are found in close association with serotonin (5-HT) and neurons containing norepinephrine that are targeted by the currently used antidepressant drugs. (wikidoc.org)

Fibroblasts produce proteolytic enzymes (in particular, MMPs). (biomedcentral.com)

Due to the expression of neural markers, PSCs were initially thought to be of neuroectodermal origin. (pancreapedia.org)

The growth plate can be stratified into three distinct zones based on the size, morphology, orientation, proliferative potential, and function of chondrocytes: resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zone. (pfmjournal.org)
The resting zone, a source of stemlike progenitor cells that restores the reservoir of proliferative chondrocytes, is located farthest from the primary ossification center and assumes responsibility for preserving the architectural integrity of the growth plate [ 4 ]. (pfmjournal.org)

A tight spatial and timing regulation of growth factor action during embryonic development has been suggested [4]. (unicyte.ch)

In this paper, the potential linkage between these three factors and the possible therapeutic implications of probiotics to modulate T H 17-mediated response for tumor growth will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
The method included the use of two therapeutic factors: magnetotherapy and electromagnetostimulation of peripheral branches of facial nerve. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
c-Met and RON have essential functional roles in embryonic development and organogenesis [ 3 , 4 ] and are over expressed and/or aberrantly activated in various cancer types suggesting their potential importance as therapeutic targets [ 5 - 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying normal growth plate function has provided valuable insights into the genetic defects that impact growth and foundation for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for individuals with growth disorders. (pfmjournal.org)

IPF is thought to be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors with repetitive micro-injuries to alveolar epithelial cells playing a central role. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
However, lineage tracing in transgenic mice suggests the contribution of epithelial cells, which have undergone EMT, to the fibroblast population may be negligible. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
During EMT, epithelial cells lose apical-basal polarity, tight and adherens junctions in favour of front-back polarity, N-cadherin junctions and vimentin stress fibres 4,5 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
It is interesting to note that while factor secreted by amniotic epithelial cells resembles EGF and/or FGF-2 in its biological action, known isoforms of them were not detected. (scielo.org.ar)
Considering the biological closeness between EGF and FGF-2, results indicate the possibility of a novel isoform of these growth factors secreted by amniotic epithelial cells. (scielo.org.ar)

[ 8 , 9 ] Therefore, the pathogenesis appears to involve the concomitant increase in the expression of genes for TGF-beta and extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
Meanwhile, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity caused by relative expression of target on normal tissues is another issue that should be reckoned. (ijbs.com)

The granulosa cells and theca cells of the developing antral follicle and the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum produce and respond to angiogenic factors and vasoactive peptides. (biomedcentral.com)

The receptor (5‐HTR) and transporter (5‐HTT) of serotonin (5‐HT), and VPAC [the receptors of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] are all coupled to G‐protein 128,136. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
5‐HT promotes PASMC hyperplasia through the serotonin transporter via production of ROS and MAPK activation 73. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

These receptors have pivotal roles in embryogenesis and metabolism [5,6], and play a critical role in the development of the skeletal system [7,8]. (123dok.org)

The presence of VEGF receptors on CLL cells implies an autocrine effect for VEGF. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite factors in codon, all apoptotic dwarfism genes person three employed cells( CRs) and each is with RAS and MEK synapses, although with pulmonary cyclins. (evakoch.com)
The effect of CTGF silencing on the TGF-β2-modulated expression of these genes was investigated by transfection of CTGF small interfering (si)RNA before TGF-β2 treatment. (arvojournals.org)
Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)

Cells can communicate via physical interactions, in- cluding membrane bridge formation, such as tunneling nanotubes and cytonemes, and/or through the release of soluble factors [1-3]. (unicyte.ch)

Similar results have also been observed in animal models, whereby limiting tumor T H 17 expansion reduced the growth of transplanted liver tumor in rodents [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Liver and serum samples were collected 24 h later to evaluate the macro- and microscopic images, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. (biomedcentral.com)

This may be due to a number of factors, including the molecular heterogeneity of breast tumours, intrinsic tumour resistance to conventional therapy, or inadequate therapy due to borderline pathological features. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy39

Organisms11

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Proliferation10

Cytokines13

Signaling pathway2

Endothelial4

Macrophages2

Differentiation9

Paracrine3

Fibrosis4

Receptor and ligand1

Tissue9

Ligands4

19981

Gene11

Molecules4

Stromal1

Vitro3

Regulate2

Stem cells3

Mediators1

Migration3

Transcription factors2

Pathways3

Ligand1

Tyrosine2

Bone7

Hepatocyte growth1

Progression4

Interleukin1

Survival3

19972

Mesenchymal2

Monocytes1

Tumors2

Cell16

Lymphocytes2

Vascular2

Epidermal3

Neurons2

Proteolytic1

Markers1

Chondrocytes2

Regulation1

Therapeutic4

Epithelial cells5

Tissues2

Angiogenic factors1

Serotonin2

Metabolism1

VEGF1

Genes3

Soluble1

Liver2

Tumour1