AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
FormaldehydeEnvironmental ExposureOccupational ExposurePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsInhalation ExposureFetal Alcohol Spectrum DisordersAir Pollution, IndoorEnvironmental MonitoringEthanolAir PollutantsMethanolAir Pollutants, OccupationalEnvironmental PollutantsAldehyde OxidoreductasesOzoneFixativesCentral Nervous System DepressantsPregnancyOccupational DiseasesLeadTime FactorsDose-Response Relationship, DrugFumigationParticulate MatterRats, Sprague-DawleyDisinfectantsMice, Inbred C57BLGlutaralNose NeoplasmsDisease Models, AnimalAnimals, NewbornFormatesSterilizationLungSteamBehavior, AnimalBiological MarkersAldehydesSmokingBrainFormic Acid EstersWoodAcetaldehydeIrritantsCells, CulturedAnalysis of VarianceAlcohol OxidoreductasesMethylobacteriumSemicarbazidesEcotoxicologySignal TransductionResins, PlantRisk FactorsMethenamineEnterobacter aerogenesChemical IndustryMethylococcaceaeTissue FixationCross-Linking ReagentsPathology Department, HospitalPterinsNasal MucosaMethylobacterium extorquensRibulosephosphatesFuneral RitesMethaneConstruction MaterialsHistocytological Preparation TechniquesOxidation-ReductionMethylaminesFormate DehydrogenasesAlcohol DehydrogenaseCarcinogensMolecular Sequence DataSperm Immobilizing AgentsAldehyde-LyasesRespiratory Tract NeoplasmsEuryarchaeotaSalicylanilidesFuraldehydeAcroleinTungstenGasesMortuary Practice
CarcinogenContain formaldehydeConcentrationsHigher levels of formaldehydeNasalResinsLevel of formaldehydeToxicInhalation exposureEmissionsUrea-formaldehyde foam insulationWorkers exposed to formaldehydeColorless gasPreservativeIrritationConcentrationChemicalsDust and formaldehydeVaporCompoundsRisksOccurForm of formaldehydeAmount of formaldehydeAnalysis of formaldehydeCalifornia Air RRemove formaldehydeFlammableHCHOAdverse health effectsOccupational exposuresVaporsCarcinogensATSDRCarcinogenicTissuesAirborneAcetaldehydeLevelsRespiratoryXyleneAmounts2022Benzene50000ChemicalRisk of exposureSubstancesWorker exposuresWorkplace exposuresAssessmentContaminantHealthContaminationProductsFormic acidHazardsFumesSubstanceReduceRatsCancerIndoor airGaseousVolatilePlywood
Carcinogen13
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) determined in 2011 that formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen based on sufficient human and animal inhalation studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen (cancer-causing substance) and prolonged exposure to low levels can cause adverse health effects. (homeaircheck.com)
  • Formaldehyde is classified as a carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 1 million European workers are exposed to formaldehyde (1B carcinogen), being the main sectors concerned the following ones: production and transformation of wood sector, health services and textile industries. (roadmaponcarcinogens.eu)
  • Formaldehyde is also classified as a probable carcinogen and long-term exposure, even at lower doses, may lead to the development of cancers such as leukemia and sinus cancer. (bcit.ca)
  • Formaldehyde is listed as a a probable human carcinogen (cancer causing agent) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . (keeperofthehome.org)
  • In 2011, the National Toxicology Program named formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen in their 12th Report on Carcinogens . (keeperofthehome.org)
  • New research, led jointly by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the University of North Texas, advances our understanding of how the wood in our homes and offices can release formaldehyde, a potent carcinogen, at levels that can exceed certain health limits. (umass.edu)
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless, odorless gas and a potent carcinogen. (umass.edu)
  • Formaldehyde was declared a toxic substance by Canadians in 1999 , some uses have been banned in Europe and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has called it a known carcinogen. (time.com)
  • Recommendations include designing and installing a new local exhaust system where gross tissue examinations are conducted, performing tissue examinations in a hood, and informing all employees of the hazards of formaldehyde, which is considered a potential carcinogen by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
  • The EPA classifies benzene as a known human carcinogen from all routes of exposure. (gerson.org)
  • The EPA has classified formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen after prolonged exposure. (gerson.org)
Contain formaldehyde5
Concentrations16
  • An indoor air guideline for formaldehyde is appropriate because indoor exposures are the dominant contributor to personal exposures through inhalation and indoor concentrations may be high enough to cause adverse health effects. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Regulatory agencies in many countries have established guideline values for concentrations of formaldehyde in indoor air. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Formaldehyde is a nearly colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor even at very low concentrations (below 1 ppm). (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde, formed in the metabolism of the amino acids serine and threonine, is found in the bloodstream of humans and other primates at concentrations of approximately 0.1 millimolar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Direct-reading monitors based on electrochemical and chemoresistive sensors have problems of sensitivity, selectivity and usually cannot be recovered after exposure to very high concentrations of formaldehyde. (roadmaponcarcinogens.eu)
  • Method: GASTEC formaldehyde 91D passive dositubes were used to quantify the concentrations of formaldehyde present at laminate flooring installation job-sites. (bcit.ca)
  • To study in detail possible effects of low concentrations of formaldehyde on the nasal epithelium, Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 0.3, 1 and 3 ppm formaldehyde vapour for 6 h/day, 5 days/week during 3 days or 13 weeks, using in vivo [3H]thymidine labeling for cell proliferation studies, and light and electron microscopy for detecting morphological effects. (tno.nl)
  • You can often detect formaldehyde by its smell, and a high concentrations of it can irritate your eyes, nose and lungs. (greenhomeguide.com)
  • While the most intense source of exposure will be for workers in some manufacturing plants - who might encounter large concentrations of formaldehyde on a frequent basis - ordinary consumers should seek to avoid exposure to the chemical as well. (time.com)
  • During tissue examination, formaldehyde concentrations ranged up to 0.81ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • The author concludes that the pathologist is potentially exposed to toxic concentrations of formaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
  • It then summarizes the information available on secondhand-smoke concentrations and exposures before and after the implementation of smoking bans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • It is difficult to articulate, for example, that while OSHA fines may not be levied for exposures just below the Permissible Exposure Limits, such concentrations aren't necessarily "safe. (cdc.gov)
  • This is especially puzzling when external formaldehyde exposures do not upset the homeostasis of these internal concentrations. (acsh.org)
  • Alternatively, the recent Alliance for Risk Assessment ( ARA ) Beyond Science and Decisions workshop XIII, found in a case study that formaldehyde cannot penetrate the cell nucleus at low concentrations. (acsh.org)
  • Organic particle concentrations are often high indoors, which promotes the sorption of DEHP and other SVOCs, which in turn may contribute to increased human exposure to DEHP and other SVOCs. (lu.se)
Higher levels of formaldehyde3
  • Indoor air contains higher levels of formaldehyde than outdoor air. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of formaldehyde found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
  • If your home is new, or you've done recent remodeling such as laminate flooring or cabinets, there is a good chance you are being exposed to higher levels of formaldehyde as wood naturally emits this gas and it may have been added to products like adhesives and paints. (homeaircheck.com)
Nasal8
  • Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa. (bmj.com)
  • Recent animal studies found nasal cancer among rats exposed to formaldehyde, but no excess of this tumor occurred in this study. (yarchive.net)
  • One of the main acute effects of formaldehyde exposure is irritation of the nose, throat, eyes, and nasal cavity. (essaywriter.org)
  • Based on animal studies, there is strong evidence that links nasal respiratory epithelium and lesions to the chronic inhalation of formaldehyde (NCI, 2011). (essaywriter.org)
  • In laboratory studies conducted in 1980, formaldehyde was linked to nasal cancer in rats. (essaywriter.org)
  • Studies of mortuary workers exposed to high levels of formaldehyde have shown increased incidences of certain kinds of rare nasal cancers. (time.com)
  • Prolonged exposure and inhalation of these products may cause cancer of the nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx, as well as leukaemia . (cancer.org.au)
  • It is estimated that around 16% of cancers of the nose and nasal sinuses in men and 2% in women could be due to exposure to wood dust. (cancer.org.au)
Resins12
  • It is used in the production of fertilizer, paper, plywood, and urea-formaldehyde resins. (cdc.gov)
  • The highest potential exposure occurs in the formaldehyde-based resins industry. (cdc.gov)
  • It is among the 25 most abundantly produced chemicals in the world and is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, and urea- formaldehyde foam insulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde or formaldehyde- containing resins are used in the manufacture of chelating agents, a wide variety of organic products, glass mirrors, explosives, artificial silk, and dyes. (cdc.gov)
  • The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work published a case study on minimizing formaldehyde exposure through substitution of resins. (roadmaponcarcinogens.eu)
  • Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of resins, as a disinfectant and fixative and as a preservative in consumer products. (oecd.org)
  • Background: Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound (VOC) present in resins that bind the wood fibre core of laminated flooring products. (bcit.ca)
  • Exterior grade pressed wood products are made with phenol resins instead of urea-formaldehyde resins. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Phenol resins emit significantly less formaldehyde. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Formaldehyde-a colorless gas-is commonly found in resins, or glues, that are used to bind wood chips or fibers into plywood, particleboard and other engineered or pressed wood products. (greenhomeguide.com)
  • Furthermore, menstrual disorders have been observed among females that use urea-formaldehyde resins at work. (essaywriter.org)
  • Formaldehyde can be a significant component in resins used as adhesives or binders in composite wood products. (gc.ca)
Level of formaldehyde3
Toxic15
  • The EPA issued a final rule to implement the Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products Act, which added Title VI to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless, highly toxic, and flammable gas at room temperature that is slightly heavier than air. (cdc.gov)
  • The staff report provides a detailed examination of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) production, approval and release of a 2007 health consultation the agency did on formaldehyde levels in unoccupied travel trailers. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is a highly toxic, colorless, flammable, strong-smelling gas producing a pickle-like odor, not only found in mortuaries and laboratories, but also in everyday building materials and household products. (homeaircheck.com)
  • Formaldehyde is one of the most common toxic substances found in indoor air. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Formaldehyde is a toxic gas that is used to manufacture a myriad of products. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Formaldehyde is a toxic and carcinogenic substance. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has even classified formaldehyde as a toxic air contaminant because of its potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. (greenhomeguide.com)
  • If you're not able to find products that are completely formaldehyde-free, look for materials that have low formaldehyde emissions levels that meet the CARB airborne toxic control measure (ATCM). (greenhomeguide.com)
  • There are both acute and chronic toxic effects of exposure to formaldehyde. (essaywriter.org)
  • CO 2 is heavier than air, and that contributes to the development of toxic exposure situations in enclosed spaces. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Despite the plethora of data on the toxic contaminants contained in tobacco smoke and their impact on health, only recently has there been recognition that exposure to long-lived tobacco smoke components in indoor environments where smoking has taken place may result in possible adverse health consequences. (springer.com)
  • It describes "five validation trials of new vacuum sealing technologies that change the approach to the preanalytic 'front end' of specimen transport, handling, and processing, and illustrate their adaptation and integration into existing Lean laboratory operations with reduction in formalin use and personnel exposure to this toxic and potentially carcinogenic fixative. (darkdaily.com)
  • We evaluated the conditions favoring the risk of exposure to this toxic reagent and the effect of measures to prevent it. (darkdaily.com)
  • The overall impression of EPA's current draft is that formaldehyde is toxic at levels below what is often found indoors or in outdoor air. (acsh.org)
Inhalation exposure5
Emissions7
  • The purpose of TSCA Title VI is to reduce formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products, which will reduce exposure to formaldehyde and result in the benefits of avoided adverse health effects. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • This ruling also requires records, including testing, production, purchaser, transporter, and non-complying lot information, must be kept for 3 years along with other provisions to keep the public safe by reducing formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products, and thereby reduce exposures to formaldehyde and avoid adverse health effects in our places of work, school, or residence. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Formaldehyde emissions increase as temperature and humidity increase. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • The Composite Panel Association (CPA) recently submitted extensive public comments criticizing EPA's proposed formaldehyde emissions regulations, claiming it is ignoring specific Congressional directives and the established model in use by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). (dwmmag.com)
  • Researchers now report that heavy use and secondhand emissions could lead to inhaled levels of toxins that exceed set exposure limits. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 16, 2020 Accurately labeling e-cigarette emissions as 'chemicals' or 'aerosols' rather than 'vapor' increases the perceived risk of exposure, researchers have found. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To protect the health of Canadians, the Government of Canada is developing regulations to reduce emissions of formaldehyde from composite wood products. (gc.ca)
Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation1
  • Before the 1980s, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) was one of the main compounds used to insulate homes. (essaywriter.org)
Workers exposed to formaldehyde4
Colorless gas1
Preservative3
  • No longer limited to mortuaries and medical laboratories (where it is used as a preservative), formaldehyde is now in many personal care products, furniture, and building supplies. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Nurses, operating in surgical theatres, are traditionally exposed to formaldehyde because of the common and traditional practice of immersing surgical samples, of a size ranging between two and 30 centimeters, in this preservative liquid (three to five liters at a time) to be later transferred to a [histopathology] lab," the authors wrote. (darkdaily.com)
  • Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous chemical owing to its use in many common products, including as a preservative in household and personal care products. (bvsalud.org)
Irritation9
  • An example, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a concentration of 0.1 mg/m 3 (0.081 ppm) formaldehyde as a guideline for preventing sensory irritation and long term health effects in the general population. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Formaldehyde can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat and neurological effects. (cdc.gov)
  • It is very likely that breathing formaldehyde will result in nose and eye irritation. (cdc.gov)
  • Ocular exposure to formaldehyde vapors produces irritation and lacrimation. (cdc.gov)
  • Depending on the concentration, formaldehyde solutions may cause transient discomfort and irritation or more severe effects, including corneal opacification and loss of vision. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, it can cause respiratory and skin irritation upon exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to formaldehyde can lead to acute health effects such as watery eyes, nausea, skin irritation, wheezing, and even death. (bcit.ca)
  • Short-term exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat and may worsen asthma symptoms, particularly in children. (gc.ca)
  • Short-term health effects of formaldehyde exposure include watery or burning eyes, coughing, wheezing, nausea and skin irritation. (gerson.org)
Concentration11
  • Action level means a concentration of 0.5 part formaldehyde per million parts of air (0.5 ppm) calculated as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration. (cornell.edu)
  • The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of formaldehyde which exceeds 0.75 parts formaldehyde per million parts of air (0.75 ppm) as an 8-hour TWA. (cornell.edu)
  • For patients, an increase in the patch test formaldehyde concentration from 1% to 2% is more likely to detect contact allergy, the authors note. (medscape.com)
  • It is now recommended to patch test formaldehyde at a concentration of 2%," she told Medscape Medical News in an email. (medscape.com)
  • Results: A one-sample T-test indicated that the mean concentration of formaldehyde that the test subjects were exposed did not exceed the 0.75 ppm TWA standard (p=0.000). (bcit.ca)
  • After 3 days of exposure a nearly log-linear relationship was found between cell turnover and exposure concentration reaching a 10-fold increase in the 3 ppm group, and suggesting challenge of the mucociliary and/or regenerative defence systems not only at 3 ppm but also at 0.3 and 1 ppm. (tno.nl)
  • EPA's own text indicates that the choice of dosimeter for the formation of formaldehyde-related tumors is related more to the peak concentration rather than the cumulative exposure. (acsh.org)
  • Therefore, predicting indoor formaldehyde concentration is essential for environmental control. (bvsalud.org)
  • We study the variation trend of fabric formaldehyde mass transfer characteristics coefficient and the temporal and spatial distribution of indoor formaldehyde concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • The theoretical model is applied to practical problems by pre-evaluating the indoor formaldehyde concentration of decorated residential buildings in typical climate areas of China before occupancy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The authors obtain the variation rule of indoor formaldehyde concentration of residential buildings under typical hot and humid climate conditions, building materials, furniture, and fabrics. (bvsalud.org)
Chemicals10
  • The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
  • The Decision-Recommendation is composed of two parts: Part A focuses on the development of harmonised hazard and exposure assessment methodologies for chemicals and Part B focuses on risk prevention and reduction. (oecd.org)
  • Risks to human health and the environment posed by chemicals is determined by the chemical-specific hazard properties and the extent of exposure to chemicals. (oecd.org)
  • Read more on the OECD work in developing and harmonising methods for assessing the exposure of chemicals to humans and the environment. (oecd.org)
  • For workers in a variety of industries, exposure to chemicals is commonplace. (cdc.gov)
  • In mice, the application of 10 percent formaldehyde accelerated the rate of cancer development caused by other chemicals. (essaywriter.org)
  • Histology technicians and anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories regularly handle dangerous chemicals such as formaldehyde . (darkdaily.com)
  • In the early months of our work, CROET learned that many stylists and salons chose Brazilian Blowout solution because it was advertised and labeled as "formaldehyde free" and "containing no harsh chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • It is difficult to understand how the EPA can continue to propose safe levels for chemicals such as formaldehyde that approach, or in some cases are lower than, levels that occur naturally or are produced in human metabolic pathways. (acsh.org)
  • Because employment in the paint trades can involve exposure to hundreds of different chemicals, gases, vapours, and dusts, the book also presents a detailed evaluation of the cancer risk posed by overall occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting. (who.int)
Dust and formaldehyde5
Vapor4
  • Persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with a solution of formaldehyde can cause secondary contamination by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde vapor is readily absorbed from the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • In comparison to secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke, the researchers computed that "disability-adjusted life years" lost due to exposure to secondhand vapor would be one to two orders of magnitude lower under typical vaping use. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The original Falck-Hillarp method was based on the exposure of freeze-dried tissue to formaldehyde vapor, allowing dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin to be converted to molecules that emit a yellow-green fluorescence in the microscope. (lu.se)
Compounds7
  • Formaldehyde is more complicated than many simple carbon compounds in that it adopts several diverse forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane, as well as of other carbon compounds, e.g. in forest fires, automobile exhaust, and tobacco smoke. (wikipedia.org)
  • Workspaces can harbour pollutants such as viruses, bacteria, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), pollen and formaldehyde. (dyson.co.uk)
  • The evaluation was requested by the Environmental Health Section of the Indian Health Service to determine employee exposure to the compounds in the histology laboratory. (cdc.gov)
  • Pollutants such as benzene from cigarette smoke, copy machine fumes, cleaning compounds, paints and formaldehyde from carpeting, drapes and particle board in furniture can create a condition called "sick building syndrome. (gerson.org)
  • Indoor air pollution resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant health concern, especially formaldehyde. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting / this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans which met in Lyon, 18-25 October 1988. (who.int)
Risks9
  • Workers in various industries and occupations can face health risks from exposure to airborne chemical and biological agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Can Workplace Exposures Increase Risks of Birth Defects? (cdc.gov)
  • The medical community is one of the most highly occupationally exposed communities of the world with a wide spectrum of exposures and risks ranging from chemical to biological hazards. (ijhas.in)
  • Proactive communications efforts are ongoing to provide Canadians with clear and consistent information on the health risks associated with asbestos exposure, as well as protective actions people can take to reduce their exposure. (gc.ca)
  • They understand the risks exposure brings and take precautions to minimize those risks. (darkdaily.com)
  • Now, motivated by increasing formaldehyde regulations in Europe, as well as the need to increase awareness of exposure risks, the University of Turin (Unito), and other hospitals in Italy's Piedmont region, conducted a cross-sectional study of 94 female nurses who were being potentially exposed to formaldehyde. (darkdaily.com)
  • The request concerned evaluation of the health risks associated with worker exposures to old rock wool insulation and a large accumulation of bat droppings during the removal of these materials from the church's attic. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to assess the variability and potential health risks of exposure to aldehydes (including formaldehyde) in schoolchildren. (bvsalud.org)
  • Radoï and Luce14 (2013) emphasized the importance of knowl- in Puerto Rico appeared to be low, however, elevated risks were edge about the distribution of the incidence and mortality rates of seen among sugarcane farmers and subjects with high cumula- malignant tumors, including OSCC, for establishing public policy tive exposure to solvents8. (bvsalud.org)
Occur9
  • Releases of formaldehyde into the air occur from industries using or manufacturing formaldehyde, wood products (such as particle-board, plywood, and furniture), automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, paints and varnishes, and carpets and permanent press fabrics. (cdc.gov)
  • Most formaldehyde exposures occur by inhalation or by skin or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptomatic irritations can occur with low levels of formaldehyde exposure, especially in those who are chemically sensitive to the chemical compound. (homeaircheck.com)
  • Employee exposure means the exposure to airborne formaldehyde which would occur without corrections for protection provided by any respirator that is in use . (cornell.edu)
  • The present study was undertaken to assess the ventilatory derangements that occur on this exposure. (ijhas.in)
  • Lastly, formaldehyde exposure can also occur through the skin as individuals come into contact with liquids containing the toxicant (NCI, 2011). (essaywriter.org)
  • Allergic reactions may occur suddenly, or develop after months or years of exposure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Loss of consciousness can occur within a minute of exposure at 300,000 ppm and within 5-10 minutes (min) of exposure at 100,000 ppm (HSDB 2004). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Symptoms of acute respiratory histoplasmosis, including fever and cough, occur within two weeks of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Form of formaldehyde1
Amount of formaldehyde3
  • As concerns about the safety of e-cigarettes continues to mount, a new study suggests that people who use the electronic smoking devices at a high voltage may be exposed to a greater amount of formaldehyde, placing them at an increased risk of developing cancer. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • At higher voltages, a greater amount of formaldehyde was released, amounts far higher than seen in conventional cigarettes. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • Contain: putting items such as nail polish, glues, and disinfectants into an airtight container when not in use helps to lessen the amount of formaldehyde continuously being introduced at low levels. (homeaircheck.com)
Analysis of formaldehyde1
  • The proposed microscale method was successfully applied to the analysis of formaldehyde in commercial household products. (bvsalud.org)
California Air R2
  • The EPA works with California Air Resources Board to reduce exposure to formaldehyde vapors from certain wood products produced domestically or imported to the United States. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Consumers can reduce their exposure to formaldehyde by avoiding pressed-wood products or buying only those that are labeled as U.L.E.F. (ultra-low-emitting formaldehyde), N.A.F. (no added formaldehyde) or C.A.R.B. (California Air Resources Board) Phase 1 or Phase 2 compliant. (time.com)
Remove formaldehyde3
  • There are numerous ways to help remove formaldehyde from indoor air: remove, contain, and dilute are the primary recommendations. (homeaircheck.com)
  • 2. Snake plant ( Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii'), also called mother in law's tongue, will remove formaldehyde. (gerson.org)
  • 4. English Ivy and golden pothos ( Scindapsus aures ) will remove formaldehyde and are ideal for hanging pots due to their vine like structure. (gerson.org)
Flammable3
  • At room temperature, formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas that has a distinct, pungent smell. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless and strong-smelling gas that is flammable at room temperature. (essaywriter.org)
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical used in building materials and many household products. (gerson.org)
HCHO2
  • Formaldehyde means the chemical substance , HCHO, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 50-00-0. (cornell.edu)
  • Chemically, formaldehyde (HCHO) is an aldehyde which is produced by the oxidation of methyl alcohol. (ijhas.in)
Adverse health effects1
  • Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects in humans, with special concern for exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). (lu.se)
Occupational exposures2
  • The second half of the book provides a detailed assessment of the likelihood that occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting can cause cancer in humans. (who.int)
  • Occupational exposures are evaluated separately for workers engaged in the manufacture of paints and related products, construction painting, painting and related operations in the furniture industry, and painting in the metal industry, including painting of cars and other vehicles. (who.int)
Vapors1
  • Formaldehyde vapors are slightly heavier than air and can result in asphyxiation in poorly ventilated, enclosed, or low- lying areas. (cdc.gov)
Carcinogens2
  • The Australian Work Exposures Study (AWES) was a national survey conducted by the Western Australian Institute of Medical Research (WAIMR) in 2011-12 that investigated work-related exposures among Australian workers to 38 known or suspected carcinogens. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • The industrial chemical formaldehyde and a botanical known as aristolochic acids are listed as known human carcinogens. (time.com)
ATSDR3
  • Nor does it encompass or include a number of other CDC and ATSDR initiatives that were undertaken in the past two years to assess formaldehyde levels or address formaldehyde exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC/ATSDR recognizes that the agencies should have moved more forcefully to address the emerging concern related to formaldehyde levels in FEMA-provided trailers, particularly as it became apparent that people were living in them for longer periods of time, not as a short term solution as they had been widely considered in the past. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC/ATSDR also shares the desire of advocates and Congressional investigators to ensure the best public health processes and science are used to understand the health effects associated with exposure to formaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
Carcinogenic3
  • In the production process, binders and various additives are introduced to the mixture, among which the carcinogenic substance formaldehyde. (roadmaponcarcinogens.eu)
  • Although in Europe, contrary to the United States, the use of free formaldehyde in cosmetics is nowadays forbidden, mainly due to its carcinogenic properties, it can still be found as a hidden impurity in them," they add. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to selected organic solvents, resin monomers, and pigments used in paint. (who.int)
Tissues8
  • Formaldehyde cannot be reliably measured in blood, urine, or body tissues following exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is produced in the body and would be present as a normal constituent in body tissues and fluids. (cdc.gov)
  • Experiments in which animals are exposed to an atmosphere containing isotopically labeled formaldehyde have demonstrated that even in deliberately exposed animals, the majority of formaldehyde-DNA adducts found in non-respiratory tissues are derived from endogenously produced formaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
  • We tested and validated formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde inactivation procedures for animal tissues infected with virulent B. anthracis , Burkholderia pseudomallei , Francisella tularensis , and Yersinia pestis . (cdc.gov)
  • A common way to inactivate infectious agents in tissues before histologic analysis is formaldehyde fixation, coincidentally first characterized in 1893 with the fixation of B. anthracis- infected tissue ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This purpose of the study is to know the effect of formaldehyde exposure and yogurt supplementation on profile and characters of rats (Rattus norvegicus) protein hepar tissues. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Nurses must place biopsies and other tissues into buckets of formaldehyde to preserve the tissue between the operating room (OR) and histology laboratory. (darkdaily.com)
  • In a paper published in Toxicology Research , a journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry , the researchers noted a marked difference related to the adoption of the under-vacuum sealing procedure, as an alternative to formaldehyde for preserving tissues. (darkdaily.com)
Airborne3
  • This chapter discusses the constituents of secondhand smoke and the measurement of exposure to secondhand smoke, beginning with measurement of airborne tracers of secondhand smoke and of its main biologic markers (or biomarkers)-the nicotine metabolite cotinine and metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Schoolchildren are sensitive to airborne aldehyde exposures. (bvsalud.org)
  • A human exposure study was conducted to elucidate the dermal and inhalation uptake in 16 volunteers from exposure to airborne gas- and particle phase phthalates, with participants wearing clean clothing. (lu.se)
Acetaldehyde1
  • The dominant three abundant aldehydes identified in personal exposure samples were formaldehyde (geometric mean, GM = 12.2 µg/m3), acetaldehyde (GM = 5.53 µg/m3), and hexaldehyde (GM = 8.79 µg/m3), accounting for approximately 80% of the total selected aldehydes. (bvsalud.org)
Levels23
  • Levels of formaldehyde measured in indoor air range from 0.02-4 parts per million (ppm). (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde levels in outdoor air range from 0.0002 to 0.006 ppm in rural and suburban areas and 0.001 to 0.02 ppm in urban areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is usually found in the air, and levels are usually higher indoors than outdoors. (cdc.gov)
  • Not smoking and not using unvented heaters indoors can lower the formaldehyde levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Children exposed to the same levels of formaldehyde as adults may receive larger doses because they have greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and increased minute volumes:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
  • iv) Representative samples for each job classification in each work area shall be taken for each shift unless the employer can document with objective data that exposure levels for a given job classification are equivalent for different work shifts. (cornell.edu)
  • Its ruggedness, selectivity and sensitivity, smart auto-regeneration, and low maintenance satisfy the requirements for a powerful analytical tool to in situ monitor formaldehyde levels in industrial environments. (roadmaponcarcinogens.eu)
  • In addition, there was no observed relationship between origin of laminate flooring and levels of formaldehyde exposure. (bcit.ca)
  • Formaldehyde a colorless, pungent-smelling gas, can cause watery eyes, burning sensations in the eyes and throat, nausea, and difficulty in breathing in some humans exposed at elevated levels (above 0.1 parts per million). (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Even low exposure levels have been linked to some types of cancers and leukemia. (umass.edu)
  • However, it turns out that wood-including the wooden furniture and woodwork in our houses-can release low levels of formaldehyde even at room temperature. (umass.edu)
  • By simply mixing these antioxidants and chelators with wood, or, in some cases, spraying them on wood surfaces, the researchers have shown that the release of formaldehyde can be mitigated and brought down to safe levels. (umass.edu)
  • The study predicted that heavy users inhaling at a high rate of 250 puffs per day with devices at 3.8 to 4.8 volts would potentially inhale levels of acrolein (up to 10 mg per day), formaldehyde (up to 49 mg per day) and diacetyl (up to 0.5 mg per day) that exceed U.S. occupational limits of 1.3 mg per day, 0.1 mg per day and 7 micograms per day, respectively. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Also, a model of indoor exposure estimated that in bars where vaping is permitted, formaldehyde and acrolein levels would often exceed California reference exposure limits. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These data provide little evidence that mortality from cancer is associated with formaldehyde exposure at levels experienced by workers in this study. (yarchive.net)
  • Also, tobacco smoke contains formaldehyde, and both the smoker and those in the vicinity are exposed to significant levels of the toxicant. (essaywriter.org)
  • The Government of Canada and other jurisdictions have concluded that formaldehyde is a human health concern at elevated levels. (gc.ca)
  • Knowing the specific contaminant and exposure levels is important to determine the appropriate respirator and cartridge for your work environment. (3m.com)
  • We reported on the Occupational Health and Safety Administration's warning in April about the Brazilian blowout hair treatment , which can expose salon workers and customers to dangerous levels of formaldehyde. (time.com)
  • The subcommittee considered all of that information in its evaluation of the Navy's current and proposed 1-hour (h), 24-h, and 90-day exposure guidance levels for CO 2 . (nationalacademies.org)
  • The subcommittee's recommendations for CO 2 exposure levels are provided at the conclusion of this chapter along with a discussion of the adequacy of the data for defining those levels and the research needed to fill the remaining data gaps. (nationalacademies.org)
  • However, exposure levels in settings like construction sites are always changing and air sampling alone is not enough. (cancer.org.au)
  • The Unito study showed that nurses using an under-vacuum sealing (UVS) system in ORs are exposed to levels of formaldehyde 75% lower than those who did not use the system. (darkdaily.com)
Respiratory4
  • Subsequent exposure can also cause allergic reactions of the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. (homeaircheck.com)
  • iii) If the employer receives reports of signs or symptoms of respiratory or dermal conditions associated with formaldehyde exposure , the employer shall promptly monitor the affected employee 's exposure . (cornell.edu)
  • Regarding the long-term effects, exposure to formaldehyde via inhalation is linked to numerous respiratory symptoms. (essaywriter.org)
  • Prolonged ozone exposure may injure respiratory tissue, leading to the development or exacerbation of chronic lung diseases such as fibrosis or emphysema. (healtheffects.org)
Xylene4
  • Environmental and breathing zone samples were analyzed for formaldehyde (50000), ethanol (64175), and xylene (1330207) at the Alaska Native Hospital (SIC-8071), Anchorage, Alaska , in November, 1984 and March, 1985. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde, along with toluene , and xylene , is used to process and preserve biopsy tissue, displace water, and to create glass slides. (darkdaily.com)
  • 6. Red-edged dracaena ( Dracaena marginata ) removes xylene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde. (gerson.org)
  • 7. Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina ) also removes xylene, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde and benzene. (gerson.org)
Amounts5
  • Everyone is exposed to small amounts of formaldehyde in air and some foods and products. (cdc.gov)
  • Small amounts of formaldehyde are naturally produced by plants, animals, and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Wood itself can also release formaldehyde, and high-temperature wood-processing is known to release large amounts of the chemical. (umass.edu)
  • But it's FAR higher than the average person is exposed to, because people who ARE exposed to far higher amounts of formaldehyde than the average person is exposed to, seem to little worse for it. (yarchive.net)
  • The report found that concerning amounts of formaldehyde could be encountered in plywood and particle boards, as well as in hair salons and in mortuaries. (time.com)
20221
Benzene2
  • However, four more pollutants are making their way into everyday life as well: trichloroethylene, benzene, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide. (gerson.org)
  • 1. Aloe removes formaldehyde and benzene, and its gel can be used to heal cuts and burns. (gerson.org)
500001
  • Worker exposures to formaldehyde (50000) were investigated on April 21, 1982 at the United States Customs Service Patrol Division Office (SIC-9999) at Treasure Island, San Francisco, California. (cdc.gov)
Chemical7
  • Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde (2011) advises that formaldehyde is a common environmental chemical that is found in ambient and indoor air. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • The agency has implemented a congressionally enacted formaldehyde emission standards in an important press release under the chemical safety and pollution prevention (OCSPP). (pureaircontrols.com)
  • To identify potential formaldehyde exposure, the authors recommend chemical analyses of products and chemical-based spot test kits, as well as good manufacturing practices by the producing companies, improved regulation, and inspection of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives. (medscape.com)
  • This useful, comprehensive review highlights why it is so challenging for our patients with formaldehyde allergy to avoid exposure to this chemical, and why the prevalence of sensitization is so high," she said. (medscape.com)
  • Our chemical safety system is an outdated mess - and for years, the failure of the government to act on formaldehyde was proof positive of that fact. (time.com)
  • Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical widely used to manufacture building products and in embalming fluid. (time.com)
  • The chemical industry, which Sass notes has fought against the Environmental Protection Agency's scientific assessment of formaldehyde for over a decade, complained that the new report would cost American jobs. (time.com)
Risk of exposure2
Substances2
  • Because formaldehyde is sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals substances for the body. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Most of these are exposures to inhaled substances in the workplace.Other risk factors are similar to those for other cancers in the head and neck area, such as smoking. (cancer.org)
Worker exposures1
  • Air monitoring can also be helpful to determine the effectiveness of controls that are used to minimize worker exposures. (cdc.gov)
Workplace exposures1
  • Several of these PAHs are known or suspected to cause, or increase the risk of developing cancer, but to date there has been no published research on workplace exposures to coal-tar-based sealant. (cdc.gov)
Assessment3
  • Yet, EPA staff had not approached him for his opinion on the developing formaldehyde assessment since the early 2000s. (acsh.org)
  • The toxicology community appreciates EPA sharing this formaldehyde draft for comments, but it needs to up its game before we can all applaud this assessment. (acsh.org)
  • On the basis of this assessment, the book concludes that occupational exposure as a painter causes a significant increase in the risk of several cancers. (who.int)
Contaminant1
  • The most effective way to reduce your exposure to formaldehyde is to remove or reduce sources of the contaminant from products in your house. (greenhomeguide.com)
Health15
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about formaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
  • How can formaldehyde affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • A small number of studies have looked at the health effects of formaldehyde in children. (cdc.gov)
  • The initial report should have acknowledged the potential long-term health effects of formaldehyde exposure, including cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Below we will address where formaldehyde can be emitted from, how this off-gassing can affect health, and what we can do to reduce the level. (homeaircheck.com)
  • Now that we know how formaldehyde is introduced into indoor air, which health effects pose a concern? (homeaircheck.com)
  • Formaldehyde exposure can be harmful to human health. (oecd.org)
  • Overexposure to formaldehyde can lead to many health issues, including cancer. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • The findings, published recently in Green Chemistry , promise to advance public health, and their solution, for which the team has filed a patent, is an effective, low-cost way to mitigate the damage wrought by formaldehyde. (umass.edu)
  • But under typical use, secondhand exposure would have a lower impact on health than second- and third-hand cigarette smoke. (sciencedaily.com)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidance for U.S. health-care providers caring for women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure to include recommendations for counseling women and men with possible Zika virus exposure who are interested in conceiving. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is a potent, odorous gas and a serious health hazard, as outlined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration . (livestrong.com)
  • Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulation 50 states air monitoring must be conducted if there is a possible risk to health or if there is potential of exceeding the exposure limit. (cancer.org.au)
  • Research on active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure has led to policy changes to protect individuals from the adverse health impacts of tobacco smoke. (springer.com)
  • These scientific conclusions have led to a broad range of policy actions and public health programs in the USA and worldwide aimed at reducing smoking prevalence and exposure to SHS in public places. (springer.com)
Contamination2
  • Formaldehyde contamination through food or feeding diet continuously is very dangerous for the body, especially for bodies organ for instances likes hepar and kidney. (ugm.ac.id)
  • This study differs from other similar tests because the level of exposure is not just potential, due to environmental contamination, but confirmed with analytic data from specific urine analyses. (darkdaily.com)
Products20
  • The Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products Act of 2010 established emission standards for formaldehyde from composite wood products and directed the EPA to finalize a rule on implementing and enforcing a number of provisions covering composite wood products. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • The EPA ruling as described above specifically lists the threshold and other conditions for formaldehyde emission limits from composite wood products. (pureaircontrols.com)
  • Formaldehyde is given off from a number of products used in the home. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde is introduced into indoor air from building products, some personal care products, glues and adhesives, fireplaces, along with many other sources. (homeaircheck.com)
  • Hidden formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers found in many cosmetics and other products, including personal protective equipment to shield healthcare workers from COVID-19, provoke allergic reactions in some people, report the authors of a clinical review update . (medscape.com)
  • The five main formaldehyde releasers - quaternium-15, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (bronopol) - found in cosmetics and many other products are linked to contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis, the authors write. (medscape.com)
  • Since formaldehyde is in so many products, it's a fairly safe bet that this gas is present in your home, especially if you have a lot of pressed wood furniture. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • Keeping your home on the cool side will help prevent formaldehyde "off-gasing" from furniture and other household products. (keeperofthehome.org)
  • The rules aim to ensure that composite wood products produced domestically or imported into the U.S. meet the formaldehyde-emission standards established by Congress. (dwmmag.com)
  • It has long been known that certain manufactured household products, ranging from particleboard to curtains and carpets, can release formaldehyde into living spaces. (umass.edu)
  • Formaldehyde mitigation may be possible for commercial wood-based products as well. (umass.edu)
  • Goodell and Shi are looking for cooperators that are interested in reducing formaldehyde generation from wood and wood-based products, and in developing products that can be used in the home and workplace to mitigate formaldehyde release from products in those environments. (umass.edu)
  • Because formaldehyde is used in many products - from building materials to pharmaceuticals - this unscientific decision by HHS could risk thousands of U.S. jobs. (time.com)
  • Formaldehyde is a colourless, strong-smelling gas that is used in the production of glues for the manufacturing of pressed wood products. (cancer.org.au)
  • These products are made from breaking down softwood or hardwood into wood fibres that are then glued together with a formaldehyde-based resin. (cancer.org.au)
  • Wood dust exposure is highest amongst woodworking machine operators, cabinet makers, furniture finishers, carpenters and workers employed in the manufacture of wood products. (cancer.org.au)
  • On January 30, 2012, the California Attorney General announced a settlement with the manufacturer of Brazilian Blowout products that requires the company to warn consumers and hair stylists that two of their most popular hair-smoothing products emit formaldehyde gas. (cdc.gov)
  • In September of 2011, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Board determined, based on review of toxicological data, that hair-smoothing products should not contain methylene glycol/formaldehyde because of the increased exposure potential caused by the heat used during the smoothing process. (cdc.gov)
  • Even with the recent California settlement, those working on campaigns for safer products in cosmetics question why formaldehyde-containing hair smoothers continue to be allowed in the United States, given the CIR determination. (cdc.gov)
  • To prevent overexposure to formaldehyde, a simple method for determining and controlling the formaldehyde content in commercial products is required. (bvsalud.org)
Formic acid2
Hazards1
  • Eliminate or reduce exposure to hazards by following the risk management process and using the hierarchy of control (Figure 1). (cancer.org.au)
Fumes1
  • In 2010, it was reported that 14% of Australian workers (i.e. machinery operators, drivers, technicians, trades workers, labourers) were exposed to wood and related dust, and 13% were exposed to industrial and medical cases and fumes (formaldehyde included). (cancer.org.au)
Substance1
  • Formaldehyde is a harmful substance that can cause sick building syndrome and other diseases, such as contact allergy, asthma, leukemia, cancer, and brain/neuron disorders. (bvsalud.org)
Reduce4
  • Removing formaldehyde sources in the home can reduce exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Now that we are aware of what formaldehyde is and what it can be emitted by, how do we reduce the level? (homeaircheck.com)
  • Reduce exposure to this potentially hazardous material. (doityourself.com)
  • NOx, formaldehyde, and gas-phase PAHs showed less variation between candle types and proved difficult to reduce by altering the wax and wick composition. (lu.se)
Rats3
  • The result showed that formaldehyde exposure through the feeding diet of rats affect on profile of hepar protein tissue, that characterized by appear of new band of specific protein with molecule weigh is 29.6 kDa (PSForm 29.6). (ugm.ac.id)
  • or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)
  • The present investigation was undertaken on rats to demonstrate the structural changes that took place after the exposure of the gingiva to a dental visible light curing unit. (who.int)
Cancer17
  • Formaldehyde inhaled as a gas is associated with a higher risk of leukemia and nasopharyngeal cancer, which affect the upper part of the throat. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • Researchers calculated the lifetime risk of developing a formaldehyde related cancer from e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes and found the risk with e-cigarettes was 1 in 200 compared to 1 in 1,000 with cigarettes. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • How likely is formaldehyde to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • Long-term exposure increases the risk of some types of cancer. (homeaircheck.com)
  • However, the installers are still exposed to formaldehyde on a daily basis and chronic exposure could increase the risk of developing cancer. (bcit.ca)
  • Aflatoxin exposure contributes to the development of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Cancer overall was not related to formaldehyde exposure. (yarchive.net)
  • Mortality from brain cancer and leukemia among these industrial workers was not excessive in contrast to reported excesses among professional groups (e.g., anatomists, embalmers, and pathologists) with exposure to formaldehyde. (yarchive.net)
  • Based on the information provided by American Cancer Society, animal tests done in the lab have shown that formaldehyde can cause cancer. (essaywriter.org)
  • Occupational exposure to wood dust is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer ( 17 , 18 ). (cancer.gov)
  • Certain industrial exposures, including exposures to asbestos and synthetic fibers, have been associated with cancer of the voice box, but the increase in risk remains controversial ( 19 ). (cancer.gov)
  • Formaldehyde exposure is also considered a cancer risk. (livestrong.com)
  • Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer at the American Cancer Society, said that formaldehyde is both worrisome and inescapable. (time.com)
  • Nearly three decades have also passed since the US Surgeon General and other scientific authorities concluded that exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) causes disease in nonsmokers, including lung cancer in adults [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • The EPA's choice of dosimeter for cumulative exposure for its cancer modeling is wrong. (acsh.org)
  • The most extensive section assesses the design and findings of epidemiological studies of carcinogenicity in the paint trade, including data suggesting an increased risk for cancers at several sites, for leukaemia, and for cancer in children associated with parental exposure. (who.int)
  • ynx (OSCC)11 Workers in mechanical and industrial workshops, Studies have analyzed the relationship between occupation- such as metal works and petrochemical plants, as well as paint- al exposure and risk for cancer of the oral cavity2-10. (bvsalud.org)
Indoor air3
Gaseous1
  • The precise molecular geometry of gaseous formaldehyde has been determined by gas electron diffraction and microwave spectroscopy. (wikipedia.org)
Volatile1
  • Formaldehyde is volatile, meaning it will readily convert to a gas at room temperature from a liquid or solid state. (homeaircheck.com)
Plywood1