Exposure human carcinogen known carcinogens. Medical search. Frequent questions

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Surgeon General, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have classified secondhand smoke as a known human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) ( 5 , 11 , 12 ). (cancer.gov)
Approximately 7,300 lung cancer deaths occur each year among adult nonsmokers in the United States as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke ( 1 ). (cancer.gov)
Human cancer criterion (HCC). (cornell.edu)
A Human Cancer Value (HCV) for a pollutant that meets the minimum data requirements for Tier I specified in appendix C. (cornell.edu)
Human cancer value (HCV). (cornell.edu)
or consuming fish from the water, and water-related recreation activities, will represent a plausible upper-bound risk of contracting cancer of one in 100,000 using the exposure assumptions specified in the Methodologies for the Development of Human Health Criteria and Values in appendix C of this part. (cornell.edu)
It is consistent with a no-threshold model of carcinogenesis, i.e., exposure to even a very small amount of the substance is assumed to produce a finite increased risk of cancer. (cornell.edu)
A dose of a known or presumed carcinogenic substance in (mg/kg/day) which, over a lifetime of exposure, is estimated to be associated with a plausible upper bound incremental cancer risk equal to one in 100,000. (cornell.edu)
Eight substances have been added to the Report on Carcinogens, bringing the total list to 256 substances that are known, or reasonably anticipated, to cause cancer in humans. (nih.gov)
A Data Exploration Dashboard (https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/cancer/roc/data/index.html?utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=roc15d) for the 15th Report on Carcinogens provides an easy-to-understand visual breakdown of all substances listed in the document and their associated cancers. (nih.gov)
As the identification of carcinogens is a key step in cancer prevention, publication of the report represents an important government activity towards improving public health. (nih.gov)
Tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of dry-cleaning-worker studies. (cdc.gov)
Background: In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified tetrachloroethylene , used in the production of chemicals and the primary solvent used in dry cleaning, as "probably carcinogenic to humans based on limited evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners. (cdc.gov)
Objectives: We assessed the epidemiological evidence for the association between tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer from published studies estimating occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene or in workers in the dry-cleaning industry. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners, reported in both cohort and case-control studies, and some evidence for an exposure-response relationship. (cdc.gov)
Although dry cleaners incur mixed exposures, tetrachloroethylene could be responsible for the excess risk of bladder cancer because it is the primary solvent used and it is the only chemical commonly used by dry cleaners that is currently identified as a potential bladder carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
More than 70 of these compounds are carcinogens, which has led the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer to classify SHS as a group A and group 1 carcinogen, respectively, indicating the most hazardous cancer-causing compounds. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Exposure to secondhand smoke can lead to lung cancer, acute and chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), and eye and nasal irritation in adults. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Occupational cancers are those that occur due to exposure to carcinogenic (cancer-causing) agents in the workplace. (cancer.org.au)
Occupational exposures to carcinogens are estimated to cause over 5000 new cases of cancer in Australia each year. (cancer.org.au)
Cancer Council has developed fact sheets about various occupational carcinogens, designed for both employers and employees. (cancer.org.au)
One of those challenges is the long-time gap between a particular exposure and a cancer diagnosis. (cancer.org.au)
Cancer potency factors were available for 40 of these compounds and reference exposure levels (RELs) for non-cancer effects were found for 17. (bmj.com)
A comparison of CRI estimates with estimates of smoking related cancer deaths in the USA showed that the CRI underestimates the observed cancer rates by about fivefold using ISO yields in the exposure estimate. (bmj.com)
In a written statement, an FDA official told NPR that aspartame being labeled by the WHO "as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans' does not mean that aspartame is actually linked to cancer. (wmuk.org)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer used a classification system to rank the potential of aspartame to cause cancer in humans, landing on 2B, which translates to "possibly carcinogenic to humans. (wmuk.org)
The agency found "limited" evidence that aspartame may cause liver cancer, based on a review of several studies that used intake of artificially sweetened beverages as a proxy for aspartame exposure. (wmuk.org)
Thus, the evidence for cancer in humans was deemed "limited " for liver cancer and " inadequate " for other types of cancers, according to the analysis published in Lancet Oncology . (wmuk.org)
A second committee, the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, or JECFA, also reviewed the evidence and concluded that "the evidence of an association between aspartame consumption and cancer in humans is not convincing," according to a summary released by the WHO. (wmuk.org)
ABSTRACT To meet the country's health goals for 2011-2016, a qualitative review of exposure to risk factors for cancer in Qatar was conducted in 2013. (who.int)
The review included exposure to environmental agents carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer classification), as well as lifestyle factors known to affect cancer risk. (who.int)
RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
Les risques de cancer les plus élevés pour les Qatariens proviendraient de facteurs associés aux modes de vie, en particulier l'obésité, la sédentarité et le tabagisme. (who.int)
Benzene is considered a confirmed human carcinogen by ACGIH, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (ohsonline.com)
Benzene is known to cause cancer in humans according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization, and other regulatory agencies. (consumerlab.com)
Rationale: Benzene has been classified as carcinogenic to humans, but there is limited evidence linking benzene exposure to lung cancer. (researchgate.net)
Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer. (researchgate.net)
Introduction Little is known about joint effects between occupational carcinogens on lung cancer risk. (researchgate.net)
We investigated pairwise exposure to five occupational exposures: asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, metals (i.e. nickel, chromium VI), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah), on lung cancer risk, both overall and by major subtypes, whil. (researchgate.net)
Introduction To summarize the epidemiological evidence on occupational asbestos exposure and the risk of esophageal, stomach and colorectal cancer. (researchgate.net)
Cancer is also a major concern from asbestos exposure, as inhalation exposure can cause lung cancer and mesothelioma (a rare cancer of the thin membranes lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding internal organs), and possibly gastrointestinal cancers in humans. (astm.org)
BACKGROUND: Studying carcinogens in tobacco and non-tobacco sources may be key to understanding the pathogenesis and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer. (bvsalud.org)
and contribution to the burden of cancer posure to chemicals and pollutants medical diagnostics (e.g. exposure to worldwide ( 2 ). (who.int)
It was later decided to include nitions of carcinogens were based on pollution, occupational exposure to a review of lifestyle factors that are the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic compounds, and lifestyle known to influence cancer risk. (who.int)
Sunlight exposure predisposes to lip cancer. (medscape.com)
Human cancer genome sequencing studies have generated ample, publicly available data, and analyses of these data have substantially broadened the knowledge of somatic mutations accumulating in tumours. (who.int)
Analysis of mutational signatures focuses on how characteristic somatic DNA mutation patterns reflect the contributions of particular mutagenic processes to cancer development, and it is thus of key importance for cancer etiology and carcinogen exposure studies. (who.int)
These include in vitro and in vivo exposure models, suitable collections of human cancer and non-cancer tissues, and data from large-scale public repositories (see the figure). (who.int)
The toxicogenomic signatures from analysed samples are subsequently linked to -omics patterns found in the human cancer genomics databases. (who.int)
The obtained toxicogenomic signatures, when confirmed in collections of human samples, also have the potential to serve as biomarkers applicable to cancer etiology studies, early detection, and prevention measures. (who.int)

Those include the carcinogenic potency of the substance, the level and duration of exposure, and an individual's susceptibility to the carcinogenic action of the substance. (nih.gov)
The carcinogenic to humans (group 1) in factors such as dietary choices and ex- findings were compared with similar the IARC monographs programme posure to tobacco smoke. (who.int)

It is one of 13 chemicals regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration despite not having an established permissible exposure limit. (wikipedia.org)
Only 2.9 percent of workers were exposed above the current ACGIH TLV of 0.5 ppm and 1.6 percent of workers were exposed above the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 1 ppm as an eight-hour TWA. (ohsonline.com)

Chronic exposure can increase the incidence of respiratory cancers, including small cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
A substance which causes an increased incidence of benign or malignant neoplasms, or substantially decreases the time to develop neoplasms, in animals or humans. (cornell.edu)
Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, women had higher age- and stage-specific lung ADC incidence rates than men in Taiwan for both never and ever smokers, suggesting the possibility of differential exposures between sexes to risk factors other than smoking and the potential modification of ADC risk factors by sex. (bvsalud.org)

The goal of the human health criteria for the Great Lakes System is the protection of humans from unacceptable exposure to toxicants via consumption of contaminated fish and drinking water and from ingesting water as a result of participation in water-oriented recreational activities. (cornell.edu)
While there remain legitimate concerns about the relation between smoking machine "yield" and actual human uptake in absolute terms, the relative concentrations of toxicants within a set of tobacco products can still be compared. (bmj.com)

The flame-retardant chemical antimony trioxide, and six haloacetic acids (HAAs) found as water disinfection byproducts are listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (nih.gov)

2 Crystalline silica has also been determined to be an occupational lung carcinogen 4,5 and there is evidence that inhaling respirable silica dust causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic renal (kidney) disease and various autoimmune diseases. (cdc.gov)

5.1.2 The World Health Organization states: "Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibres primarily from contaminated air in the working environment, as well as from ambient air in the vicinity of point sources, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing friable asbestos materials. (astm.org)

In 1928, medical experts recognized a connection between benzene exposure and leukemia. (ohsonline.com)
The API study concluded that the only "safe" level of benzene exposure is no exposure at all. (ohsonline.com)

In a study published in July in Environmental Science & Technology , researchers found significant levels of 31 harmful chemical compounds in e-cigarette vapors, including two that had yet to be detected: propylene oxide and glycidol, both of which health researchers have described as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. (scienceblogs.com)
Scientists have discovered at least two different compounds in sunscreens that are carcinogens - benzene and benzophenone . (consumerlab.com)
We measured urinary concentrations of 33 exposure biomarkers of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). (bvsalud.org)
By applying this integrated research strategy, the MUTSPEC 2.0 project delineates signatures of various candidate carcinogens, including food contaminants (e.g. mycotoxins), dietary compounds, components of medicinal products, chemicals in tobacco smoke, and various environmental contaminants. (who.int)

Immune defects or immunosuppression, defects of carcinogen metabolism, or defects in DNA-repair enzymes underlie some cases of SCC. (medscape.com)

1 However, despite the public health significance of these toxicant exposures, comparatively little effort has been spent to assess and quantify the health risks associated with the individual chemicals in cigarette smoke, and almost nothing has been done in terms of product regulation to reduce human exposure to these constituents. (bmj.com)
These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the harms of indoor tanning and support public health campaigns and regulation to reduce exposure to this carcinogen. (bmj.com)

In the new report, chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is listed as known to be a human carcinogen. (nih.gov)
5.1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that "Effects on the lung are a major health concern from asbestos, as chronic (long-term) exposure to asbestos in humans via inhalation can result in a lung disease termed asbestosis. (astm.org)

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines benzene as a carcinogen and lists 'inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact' as exposure routes. (consumerlab.com)

The evidence is clear that all workplaces should be reassessed for benzene vapor to determine occupational exposure if the ACGIH TLV and STEL are reduced. (ohsonline.com)

CMME is a known human carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
When the two solvents, which the study noted are found in most e-liquids, were heated and began to decompose, it led to emissions of acrolein, a known irritant, and formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. (scienceblogs.com)

Relatively crude approaches in exposure assessment in the studies of " tetrachloroethylene -exposed workers" may have attenuated the relative risks. (cdc.gov)
Typically, people with lower educational attainment are less knowledgeable about SHS exposure risks. (tobaccoatlas.org)
The limited data on occupational exposure suggests that the greatest risks for workers in the construction industry are likely to be from environmental dust and related air pollutants. (who.int)
By about the end of World War II, the ACGIH recommended limits on industrial exposure to the chemical, recognizing health risks associated with exposure. (ohsonline.com)

The dangers from SHS also extend to the e-cigarette aerosols that users exhale, which contain harmful and potentially harmful substances, including nicotine, heavy metals, and carcinogens. (tobaccoatlas.org)

The application of toxicological risk assessment methods to cigarette smoke provides a plausible and objective framework for the prioritisation of carcinogens and other toxicant hazards in cigarette smoke. (bmj.com)
All of the necessary components of the risk assessment framework-hazard identification, hazard characterisation, exposure assessment, and risk characterisation-can be used to address cigarette smoke constituents. (bmj.com)
Currently the assessment of individual exposure to mycotoxins in man and animals is usually based on the analysis of toxin and/or metabolite contamination in the blood or urine. (frontiersin.org)
These four substances were identified as priorities for assessment as they met categorization criteria under subsection 73(1) of CEPA or were considered a priority on the basis of other human health concerns. (canada.ca)
b This substance was not identified under subsection 73(1) of CEPA but was included in this assessment as it was considered a priority on the basis of other human health concerns. (canada.ca)

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Appendix B - Thirteen OSHA-Regulated Carcinogens "40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355-The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities" (PDF) (July 1, 2008 ed. (wikipedia.org)
Water pollution is any contamination of water with chemicals or other hazardous substances that are detrimental to human, animal, or plant health. (nih.gov)

These diseases usually arise decades after the onset of asbestos exposure. (astm.org)

Highest exposure occurs among workers who produce the substance or use it to make flame retardants. (nih.gov)
To investigate potential worker health hazards in this rapidly expanding industry and address the existing lack of information on occupational dust and chemical exposures associated with hydraulic fracturing, NIOSH initiated the NIOSH Field Effort to Assess Chemical Exposures in Oil and Gas Extraction Workers . (cdc.gov)
Initial hazard assessments identified exposure to crystalline silica during hydraulic fracturing as the most significant known health hazard to workers and this has been the focus of the NIOSH study to date. (cdc.gov)
The significance of these findings is that even if workers are properly using half-mask air-purifying respirators, they would not be sufficiently protected because half-mask air-purifying respirators have a maximum use concentration of 10 times the occupational health exposure limit. (cdc.gov)
Occupational groups where exposure was greatest included farmers, drivers, miners and transport workers. (cancer.org.au)
The U.S. National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981-1983) estimated that about 272,300 workers (143,000 women) were potentially exposed to benzene in the U.S. alone. (ohsonline.com)

Cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke cause about 480,000 premature deaths each year in the United States ( 1 ). (cancer.gov)
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) was one of the leading risk factors for deaths globally in 2019, accounting for approximately 1.3 million deaths and contributing to 37 million Disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs), with 11.2% of the burden in children under the age of 5 years. (tobaccoatlas.org)

Governments must enact measures to eliminate exposures to SHS in public and workplaces and homes. (tobaccoatlas.org)

Exposure to secondhand smoke irritates the airways and has immediate harmful effects on a person's heart and blood vessels. (cancer.gov)
There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible tobacco products. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Evidence shows persistent disparities in secondhand smoke exposure by ethnicity, education, and income level. (tobaccoatlas.org)

For further international information and free resources on workplace carcinogens including solar UV radiation, diesel engine exhaust, silica dust and asbestos please visit the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health's No Time to Lose webpage . (cancer.org.au)

Those differences are a particularly interesting takeaway because they touch on ways that manufacturers, or even users, may be able to minimize potentially harmful exposures. (scienceblogs.com)
Because it is potentially modifiable, indoor tanning is a particularly important type of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (bmj.com)

The RSC reflects the percent of total exposure which can be attributed to surface water through water intake and fish consumption. (cornell.edu)
Examples follow of potential drinking water contaminants and reported health effects, which can range from subtle to severe depending on the chemical and total exposure. (nih.gov)

Given the central role that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) plays in the pathogenesis of cSCC, methods aimed at decreasing UVR exposure form the cornerstone of cSCC prevention. (medscape.com)
1 2 NMSC is by far the most common human malignancy, and nearly 30% of white people living in areas of exposure to high ultraviolet radiation will develop an NMSC in their lifetime. (bmj.com)
7 8 Besides older age and male sex, major risk factors for development of NMSC include light skin, family history, residence at latitudes near the equator, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (bmj.com)

The classification of carcinogens is discussed in section II.A of appendix C to part 132. (cornell.edu)
The ERC is a risk-based approach that employs multiple metrics for both hazard and exposure, with weighted consideration of multiple lines of evidence for determining risk classification. (canada.ca)

Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and vaccine-induced antibody response. (researchgate.net)

Cigarettes are probably the single most significant source of toxic chemical exposure and chemically mediated illness in humans. (bmj.com)

The effect of POPs on human and environmental health was discussed, with intention to eliminate or severely restrict their production, by the international community at the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. (wikipedia.org)
Extended monitoring of the composition of and human exposure to air pollutants is recommended. (who.int)

Researchers also said that propylene oxide, a likely impurity of propylene glycol, is probably present in most e-liquids now on the market, which is concerning because propylene oxide is also considered a probable carcinogen as well as a known respiratory and eye irritant. (scienceblogs.com)

A risk matrix is used to assign a low, moderate or high level of potential concern for substances on the basis of their hazard and exposure profiles. (canada.ca)

NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
The defi- such as exposure to environmental air humans. (who.int)

Metrics considered in the exposure profiles include potential emission rate, overall persistence, and long-range transport potential. (canada.ca)

It is widely recognized through scientific evidence that there is no safe level of exposure to SHS. (tobaccoatlas.org)

The Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch's (EGM's) results to date indicate that the MUTSPEC 2.0 project can generate important knowledge on carcinogen properties. (who.int)

However, a recent study found e-cigarette emissions contain a variety of concerning chemicals, including some considered to be probable carcinogens. (scienceblogs.com)

There is concern about an ongoing increase in younger patients and in women, in particular, without known risk factors, as well as in the oropharynx due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. (medscape.com)

To indicate the potential hazard, a substance is listed as either known to be a human carcinogen or reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (nih.gov)

However, rapidly fatal cases of acute silicosis resulting from very intense exposures over only a few months or years are well documented among sandblasters, tunnelers, miners, and some other occupational groups. (cdc.gov)

The list can be found in the Occupational Exposures to Carcinogens in Australia monograph, page 3. (cancer.org.au)

NIOSH recently collected 116 air samples at 11 different hydraulic fracturing sites in five different states (AR, CO, ND, PA and TX) to evaluate worker exposure to crystalline silica. (cdc.gov)

An estimate of the maximum daily dose of a substance which is not expected to result in adverse noncancer effects to the general human population, including sensitive subgroups. (cornell.edu)

Methods: Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out separately for occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene and employment as a dry cleaner. (cdc.gov)

Great Lakes States and Tribes shall adopt provisions consistent with this appendix C to ensure protection of human health. (cornell.edu)
or consuming fish from the water, and water-related recreation activities using the Methodologies for the Development of Human Health criteria and Values in appendix C of this part. (cornell.edu)
This is the 15th Report on Carcinogens (https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc15) , which is a cumulative report mandated by Congress and prepared by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (nih.gov)
[1] They are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. (wikipedia.org)
However, study co-author Hugo Destaillats, a staff scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and deputy leader of its Indoor Environment Group, stressed that while the study's findings are concerning, they are not a definitive statement as to whether e-cigarettes are less, just as or more harmful to human health than regular cigarettes. (scienceblogs.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms4

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care7

Cancer50

Carcinogenic2

Permissible expos2

Incidence3

Toxicants2

Listed as reasonably anticipated1

Occupational lung1

World Health Organ1

Benzene exposure2

Compounds4

Metabolism1

Regulation to reduce2

Chronic2

Inhalation1

ACGIH TLV1

Known human2

Risks4

Nicotine1

Assessment5

Hazardous2

Asbestos exposure1

Workers6

Tobacco smoke2

Workplaces1

Secondhand smoke3

Dust1

Potentially2

Total exposure2

Ultraviolet3

Classification2

Pollution1

Chemical1

Pollutants2

Respiratory1

Substances1

Environmental3

Emission1

Evidence1

Important1

Cigarette1

Factors1

Potential1

Acute1

Found1

Evaluate1

Estimate1

Meta-analyses1

Health5