Exploit host parasite interactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

He has characterized large numbers of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from several P. yoelii parasites and performed various genetic crosses to identify parasite genes linked to parasite development, virulence, and drug resistance. (nih.gov)
Here, we briefly review the social behaviours of parasites and microbial pathogens, including their contributions to virulence, and outline how inclusive fitness theory has helped to explain their evolution. (ed.ac.uk)
We then take a mechanistically inspired 'bottom-up' approach, discussing how key aspects of the ways in which parasites and pathogens exploit hosts, namely public goods, mobile elements, phenotypic plasticity, spatial structure and multi-species interactions, contribute to the emergent properties of virulence and transmission. (ed.ac.uk)
Thereby, glycans are crucial for parasite virulence and survival and the study of the glycobiology of these organisms offers unique opportunities to devise novel strategies to tackle parasitic-caused diseases . (isglobal.org)
here the authors use field studies, experiments and models to show that non-consumptive predation pressure in Trinidadian guppy shoals increases parasite transmission and selects for higher virulence. (springernature.com)
Thanks to this rich literature, I was able to develop and parametrize a theoretical model of how predation would shift the coevolution of host contact rate and parasite virulence. (springernature.com)
The model predicted that predation would have little direct impact on virulence evolution but would drive hosts toward much higher contact rate as they grouped for defense against predators. (springernature.com)
Higher contact rate, in turn, would greatly increase the rate of multiple infections, causing multiple parasite strains to compete on one hosts, selecting for higher virulence. (springernature.com)
Further, the model gave quantitative predictions for how virulence parasites should evolve in low or high predation populations. (springernature.com)
Thus, the guppies in low predation populations were able to "social distance", leading to parasite evolution of lower virulence. (springernature.com)
By predicting parasite virulence, the model predicts infected host death rate imposed by worms from low or high predation regimes. (springernature.com)
She exploits genomic, comparative genomic, quantitative genetic and molecular approaches to identify genes underlying resistance in cereals to different genetic ecotypes of Striga species and to identify virulence/avirulence genes in the parasite to understand the molecular basis of host-parasite specificity. (wcpp2019.org)
This is unique in nature and essential for parasite virulence. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Active projects include those focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning microbial virulence and immune evasion, the origins and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the adaptation of pathogens to hostile environments, host-microbe interactions, the epidemiology and evolution of disease-causing microbes, and the biotechnological or pharmaceutical applications of microbes and their products. (bath.ac.uk)
Theoretical models addressing the evolution of virulence have considered two within host infection outcomes, namely superinfection and coinfection. (biorxiv.org)
Toxoplasma strains possess strain specific virulence determinants that allow them to override innate host immune mechanisms. (wustl.edu)

He is studying host immune signaling pathways in response to parasite infections, focusing on innate signaling and regulation of type I interferon production and inflammatory responses after malaria infection. (nih.gov)
Dr. Duffy conducts human and animal studies of malaria pathogenesis and host immunity, including population-based studies in African communities exposed to Plasmodium falciparum , and controlled human infection studies. (nih.gov)
His controlled human infection studies at the Clinical Center and in the field seek to understand immunity against preerythrocytic parasites and to model parasite transmission to mosquitoes. (nih.gov)
We quantified coccidia burdens prior to and following experimental infection with M. gallisepticum , exploiting the birds' range of natural coccidia burdens. (edu.au)
However, this exploitation can make parasites more lethal (virulent), causing infection to end prematurely with host death. (springernature.com)
The basic stumbling block in the design of suitable antifilarial drugs is beset with our poor knowledge about the metabolic activities of adult and various developmental stages of filarial worms as well as the disorders generated in the host harbouring the infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Barber I, Huntingford FA (1996) Parasite infection alters schooling behaviour: deviant positioning of helminth-infected minnows in conspecific groups. (springer.com)
The field somehow became limited by this dichotomy that does not correspond to an empirical reality, as other infection patterns, namely sets of within-host infection outcomes, are possible. (biorxiv.org)
We afterwards highlight eight infection patterns using an explicit modelling of within-host dynamics that captures a large range of ecological interactions, five of which have been neglected so far. (biorxiv.org)
This characterisation of infection patterns opens new perspectives for understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of parasites. (biorxiv.org)
Using a multidisciplinary combination of genetic, cell biology and biochemistry approaches, we currently focus on characterizing the mode of action and role of various "effector" proteins the bacterium delivers into host cells during infection that remodel specific cellular functions involved in bacterial vacuole biogenesis, intracellular growth and egress from infected cells. (uvm.edu)
This finding is common during acute infection (10%-40% to as high as 75%-80%), intermittent during chronic infection (often the only abnormal laboratory test result), and frequently absent in severe strongyloidiasis and in the immunocompromised host. (medscape.com)

Areas of study include the antimalarial drug resistance and factors that affect clinical outcome after treatment, malaria protection conferred by human hemoglobinopathies and other red cell polymorphisms, antigenic variation by Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and molecular mechanisms of malaria parasite infectivity and pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
Dr. Su's laboratory develops and uses genetic and genomic approaches to study host-malaria parasite interaction and molecular mechanisms of the interaction using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii as a model. (nih.gov)
Areas of study include the role of vector and host factors for sporozoite infectivity, and molecular mechanisms required for Plasmodium sexual reproduction. (nih.gov)
Classic examples include interactions between vertebrate hosts and tapeworms, flukes, the malaria-causing Plasmodium species, and fleas. (definitions.net)
López-Gutiérrez B, Dinglasan RR, Izquierdo L . Sugar nucleotide quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reveals a distinct profile in Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage parasites. (isglobal.org)
2019. Rapid antigen diversification through mitotic recombination in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. . (cornell.edu)

Arthropod vectors transmit viruses, bacteria, parasites, and nematodes to humans resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic countries. (nih.gov)
It filters 99.9% bacteria, parasites, and microplastics. (responsibletravel.com)
Most pathogenic microbes, from viruses to bacteria to protozoan parasites, undergo a lifecycle inside cells of their host, exploiting cellular functions to their advantage and ultimately causing infectious diseases. (uvm.edu)
The Celli lab is focused on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms used by intracellular vacuolar bacteria to exploit cellular functions and generate niches of survival and proliferation. (uvm.edu)

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. (definitions.net)
There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophically-transmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. (definitions.net)
Like predation, parasitism is a type of consumer-resource interaction, but unlike predators, parasites, with the exception of parasitoids, are typically much smaller than their hosts, do not kill them, and often live in or on their hosts for an extended period. (definitions.net)
Although parasitism is often unambiguous, it is part of a spectrum of interactions between species, grading via parasitoidism into predation, through evolution into mutualism, and in some fungi, shading into being saprophytic. (definitions.net)
Tick- Borrelia interaction is a very interesting and complex example of parasitism. (am-online.org)
Parasitism has long been considered as a one-to-one interspecific interaction [ 1 ]. (biorxiv.org)
In this case, the most common host genotypes are also the most susceptible to parasitism, because the parasite genotypes that specialize on those host genotypes dominate. (biomedcentral.com)

The mission of the Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section (HPISV) is to define molecular mechanisms required for infectious diseases pathogenesis, and to elucidate the fundamental phenomena necessary to develop potent and durable vaccines through structural vaccinology. (nih.gov)
Through structural, functional, and mechanistic studies, we define critical host-pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of protective antibody neutralization. (nih.gov)
Our laboratory studies the mechanisms by which highly complex behaviors are mediated at the neuronal level, mainly focusing on the example of dynamic social interactions and the neural circuits that drive them. (stanford.edu)
From microscopic parasites like protozoa to larger organisms such as worms and ticks, these pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to exploit their hosts for survival and reproduction. (sigmachihq.org)
Evolution of Host Specificity by Malaria Parasites through Altered Mechanisms Controlling Genome Maintenance. (cornell.edu)
Theory readily predicts that parasites can promote host diversity through mechanisms such as disruptive selection. (biomedcentral.com)
Human viruses are cell parasites that have evolved mechanisms shared with the host cell to support their own replication and spreading. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying this cross-talk between host and microbiota is critical for development of microbiome- or host-targeted therapeutics and prevention strategies. (ersjournals.com)

We now use organotypic tissue models for broad discovery and dissection of the specific structure-function relationships by which glycans drive normal epithelial formation, transformation and interaction with viruses and the microbiome. (ku.dk)
This encompasses the study of important bacterial and fungal species, viruses, and eukaryotic parasites. (bath.ac.uk)
Many viruses exploit the strategy of using homologs of cellular cytokines or cytokine receptors to shield virus-infected cells from immune defenses and enhance virus survival in the host. (stackexchange.com)
Thus, it seems likely that herpes viruses acquire many advantages by using IL-10-specific biological activities either of virus-encoded or host IL-10s. (stackexchange.com)
The diversity of parasites that can manipulate insect behavior ranges from viruses to worms and also includes other insects that have evolved to become parasites ( Hughes and Libersat, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
Contrary to human host cells, viruses display a diverse array of nucleic acid types, which include DNA or RNA in single-stranded or double-stranded conformations. (frontiersin.org)

Parasites reduce host fitness by general or specialised pathology, from parasitic castration to modification of host behaviour. (definitions.net)
Parasitic refers to a type of relationship between organisms where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the host organism. (definitions.net)
Parasite life cycles are very complex, exploiting sequentially various host species to complete the different stages involved in parasitic survival and development. (isglobal.org)
Prof Scholes' research is focused on understanding the physiological and molecular interactions between plants and their symbionts particularly the root parasitic witchweeds of the genus Striga. (wcpp2019.org)
Understanding the biology of parasitic infections is crucial in unraveling the intricate relationship between host and parasite, shedding light on animal diseases and health. (sigmachihq.org)
To better understand the intricacies of these parasitic interactions, an overview of their prevalence and impact is essential. (sigmachihq.org)
Cuevas-Reyes P, Fernandes GW, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Pimenta M (2011) Effects of generalist and specialist parasitic plants (Loranthaceae) on the fluctuating asymmetry patterns of ruprestrian host plants. (springer.com)
Another example is the parasitic wasp, which induces a guarding behavior in its ladybug host in collaboration with a viral mutualist. (frontiersin.org)
B) A multiple sequence alignment in the vicinity of TgENR Asn130 (shown by an asterisk) of a number of parasitic and plant ENR enzymes showing full sequence conservation across HS3ST1 parasite and plant families. (lacbiosafety.org)

Moreover, Gupta's contributions have advanced the understanding of signal transduction in apicomplexan parasites, with potential implications in infectious disease medicine and biotherapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
One attractive target for Cetilistat (ATL-962) chemotherapeutic intervention against apicomplexan parasites is the prokaryotic-like type II fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS-II) pathway.17C21 In and scholarly studies.21 Type II FAS is divergent from the analogous FAS I pathway in mammals fundamentally. (lacbiosafety.org)

To ensure successful attachment by this group of eukaryotic pathogens, normal developmental programs are often arrested at critical points that include seed germination, differentiation of the host attachment organ (the haustorium), host attachment, and apical meristem initiation. (dadospdf.com)
Krüger T, Engstler M. (2015) Flagellar motility in eukaryotic human parasites. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

NIAID conducts and supports research on basic microbiology of and host response to these pathogens as well as development of medical countermeasures. (nih.gov)

Sub-objective 3B: Characterize genomic variation among sheep parasites, for correlation with anthelmintic resistance and animal genotype. (usda.gov)
One explanation involves frequency-dependent selection by parasites resulting from host-parasite genotype interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
The data also supported an interaction between smoking and NAT2 genotype, which is one of the few consistent gene-environment interactions described to date. (nih.gov)

Other pathogens exploit our built infrastructure, colonizing water systems or air conditioning. (johnhawks.net)

By understanding how these pathogens are transmitted and how they interact with different host species, scientists can better prevent and control zoonotic diseases. (sigmachihq.org)
The technologies support and depend on development of research populations with pertinent phenotypes that broadly sample industry genetics, continuing improvement in annotation of animal genomes, identification and characterization of microbial species relevant to animal production, and continued assessment of the interaction of genome variation and production phenotypes. (usda.gov)
This vision is gradually changing due to increasing evidence of the multiplicity of genotypes [ 2 ] (in its broadest sense, i.e. including strains and species) infecting the same species of plant, animal or bacterial host [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biorxiv.org)
It offers the possibility of discovering how one species (the parasite) modifies a particular neural network, and thus particular behaviors, of another species (the host). (frontiersin.org)
Cannibalism is a common ecological interaction in the animal kingdom and has been recorded in more than 1,500 species . (wikipedia.org)

Barber I, Hoare D, Krause J (2000) Effects of parasites on fish behaviour: a review and evolutionary perspective. (springer.com)
And I knew that an accidental host of Toxoplasmosis is humans, a dead end for the parasite, but whose behaviour, nevertheless, is altered in curious ways. (margaretmorgan.info)

Next, the researchers used a quick-freeze/cryomilling extraction technique to preserve RNP-host protein interactions, the better to identify which host proteins thwart the jumping genes, and which assist them. (genengnews.com)
Reflecting on the implications of their findings, the authors write, "physical interactions between L1 proteins and host factors likely reflect a longstanding evolutionary battle between the parasite, which exploits opportunities to proliferate, and the host, which fights to suppress L1 accumulation. (genengnews.com)
We have identified O-linked glycosylation signatures on proteins and developed a series of cancer specific mAbs to exploit O-glycan signatures for the precise targeting of cancer. (ku.dk)
To survive in the vector and to enter the host, spirochetes utilize their lipoproteins anchored in the external bacterial membrane and tick-encoded proteins. (am-online.org)
5. Tick proteins exploited by B. burgdorferi during host infestation. (am-online.org)

understanding, this is actually the initial review that features and discusses immune system response on the web host cellCparasite molecular user interface against infections in different prone hosts. (thetechnoant.info)
infections are adjustable with regards to the kind of web host significantly, mode of infections, physiological elements (age group, sex, being pregnant), as well as the parasite. (thetechnoant.info)
In the same web host with equivalent physiological statuses Also, the sequelae of infections may be mixed, supporting proof an essential function for the disease fighting capability [3]. (thetechnoant.info)
Regarding to our understanding, this is actually the initial review that features and discusses immune system response on the web host cellCparasite molecular user interface against infections in Rabbit polyclonal to EGFLAM different prone hosts. (thetechnoant.info)
These research areas have led to a great breakthrough of potential web host effectors and signaling pathways worried about the combating of infections. (thetechnoant.info)
These infections occur when parasites, such as protozoa, helminths, or arthropods, establish themselves within the host's body and exploit its resources for survival. (sigmachihq.org)
Factors such as climate change, globalization, intensification of agricultural practices, and wildlife-human interaction contribute to the increasing incidence of these infections. (sigmachihq.org)
Complete eradication of the parasite before the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is essential in patients with uncomplicated infections to ensure that hyperinfection syndrome does not develop. (medscape.com)

Some parasites that affect animals can also infect humans, causing zoonotic diseases. (sigmachihq.org)
B. burgdorferi is so well adapted to the vector that it is also capable of employing tick strategies to more effectively infect mammalian hosts. (am-online.org)

To complete the various stages of their gymnastic routines, jumping genes rely on host factors, which are usually uncooperative or even hostile. (genengnews.com)
To exert long-term behavioral manipulation of the host, parasite must secrete compounds that act through secondary messengers and/or directly on genes often modifying gene expression to produce long-lasting effects. (frontiersin.org)

During his postdoctoral training, funded by Marie Curie and EMBO Fellowships , in the School of Life Sciences ( University of Dundee , Scotland), he studied the glycobiology of protozoan parasites that cause neglected tropical diseases. (isglobal.org)

One of the most striking facts about parasites and microbial pathogens that has emerged in the fields of social evolution and disease ecology in the past few decades is that these simple organisms have complex social lives, indulging in a variety of cooperative, communicative and coordinated behaviours. (ed.ac.uk)
Objective 3: Identify and characterize microbes, microbial populations, and parasites associated with normal and diseased populations. (usda.gov)
Sub-objective 4C: Synthesize variant genotypes and annotation from Objective 1, animal phenotypes from Objective 2, and microbial profiles from Objective 3, by partitioning microbial variation into host genetic and enviromental influences on phenotypic expression. (usda.gov)
Third, host-microbe interactions show priority for efforts directed at bioterrorism, great variability related to host-microbial research advances in infectious diseases of the genetics and host-microbial cross-talk. (nih.gov)

Some diseases rely on nonhuman vectors for transmission to new hosts, such as mosquitoes or ticks. (johnhawks.net)

Dr. Tolia became the Chief of the Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology section in the Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology in May 2018. (nih.gov)
2018. Antimalarial proteasome inhibitor reveals collateral sensitivity from intersubunit interactions and fitness cost of resistance. . (cornell.edu)

Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, in particular by feeding on them and by using intermediate (secondary) hosts to assist in their transmission from one definitive (primary) host to another. (definitions.net)
A major goal is to define how processes required for malaria parasite survival are mediated and can be exploited for preventative, therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. (nih.gov)

He has pioneered the structural and biophysical studies of host-pathogen interactions, antibody neutralization and immunogen design for malaria. (nih.gov)
The genetically engineered cells and organotypic tissue model have provided evidence of the importance of glycans in tissue differentiation, cancer, and host-pathogen interactions. (ku.dk)
He obtained in 2004 an NIH investigator position at the NIH Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, where he further developed cellular and molecular studies of bacterial pathogen interactions with phagocytes. (uvm.edu)

DHFR, however, is present in both host and parasite, as it is required in essentially all organisms to maintain a constant supply of fully reduced (tetrahydro) forms of folate for essential one-carbon transfer reactions, including the provision of nucleotides for DNA synthesis, whether the folate is made endogenously or salvaged from the diet/environment. (medscape.com)
We exploit the complex, gene regulatory network underlying dorsoventral patterning to assess the determinants - and their interactions - that lead to robust developmental outcomes in multicellular organisms. (upenn.edu)
Babesia (Theileria) equi, a tick transmitted protozoan parasite and one of the causative organisms of equine babesiosis is widespread in South Africa. (ufs.ac.za)

A key player in this cascade is the chromatin remodelling complex SWR1, which replaces the canonical histone H2A with its variant H2A.Z. Transcriptional regulation of polycistronic transcription units in the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been shown to be highly dependent on acetylation of H2A.Z, which is mediated by the histone-acetyltransferase HAT2. (bvsalud.org)
We found that depending on their location and developmental stage, the unicellular parasites move either singly or in huge swarms. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

We are investigating cell culture methods for the continuous in vitro propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum , a protozoan parasite that causes severe gastrointestinal disease in the developing world ( PMID: 23680352 ). (wustl.edu)

Host social behavior is difficult to manipulate, experimentally, and may change quickly before parasites have had an opportunity to adapt to it. (springernature.com)
Uppaluri S, Nagler J, Stellamanns E, Heddergott N, Herminghaus S, Engstler M, Pfohl T (2011) Impact of microscopic motility on the swimming behavior of parasites: straighter trypanosomes are more directional. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
As outlined in an article published in Frontiers in Psychology , understanding how parasites "hack" their host's nervous system to achieve a particular goal could provide new insights into how animals control their own behavior and make decisions. (frontiersin.org)
But how exactly do these parasites affect their host's behavior? (frontiersin.org)
The ability of parasites to alter the behavior of their hosts has recently generated an unusual interest in both scientists and non-scientists. (frontiersin.org)
One reason is that parasites alter the behavior of their host in such a way as to suggest a hijacking of their ability to make decisions. (frontiersin.org)
For the sake of clarity, we have classified these into three general categories: (1) those that affect the compass or navigation of the host that leads to a suicidal behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we discuss how kleptoparasitism could vary in function of host behavior and how the high behavioral variability of Argyrodes elevatus could be explained. (bvsalud.org)
ii) scramble , if the food item is simultaneously exploited by the host and one or more kleptoparasites with little or no aggressive behavior, and (iii) stealth , when the kleptoparasite take the food away avoiding to be perceived by the host. (bvsalud.org)
This Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for biomedical and behavior research. (nih.gov)

We argue that unravelling the complexities of within-host ecology is interesting in its own right, and also needs to be better incorporated into theoretical evolution studies if social behaviours are to be understood and used to control the spread and severity of infectious diseases. (ed.ac.uk)
Infectious diseases can transmit during social interactions. (springernature.com)
Many infectious diseases transmit when hosts are in close proximity. (springernature.com)
As a result, many animal hosts "social distance" in response to infectious disease outbreaks. (springernature.com)

In early modern times, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed Giardia lamblia in his microscope in 1681, while Francesco Redi described internal and external parasites including sheep liver fluke and ticks. (definitions.net)
3. Ticks as a parasites. (am-online.org)

In some of the most fascinating manipulations, the parasite taps into the host brain neuronal circuities to manipulate hosts cognitive functions. (frontiersin.org)
In this short review, we will focus on mind control or the manipulation of cognitive functions in Parasite-Insect associations. (frontiersin.org)

Dr. Desai's group studies the molecular and cellular biology of malaria parasite adaptation to intracellular growth within erythrocytes. (nih.gov)

We will use step-by-step genetic deconstruction of glycosylation capacities in organotypic tissue models for broad discovery and dissection of specific structure-function relationships driving normal epithelial formation, cancer transformation and interaction between the host and the microbiome. (ku.dk)
These results provide rare empirical support for parasite-driven increases in host genetic diversity, and suggest that this increase can occur rapidly. (biomedcentral.com)
We then use both traditional methods and a novel maximum likelihood approach to document disruptive selection on the host population during the epidemic and to show that the resulting increase in genetic variance was maintained even after a generation of sexual reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
I have also worked on the evaluation of genetic susceptibility factors for bladder cancer and the interaction of those factors with environmental and occupational exposures. (nih.gov)

2020. Vive la Différence: Exploiting the Differences between Rodent and Human Malarias. . (cornell.edu)

We use Brucella abortus as a model vacuolar pathogen, as it modulates various intracellular pathways and functions, such as endocytic and exocytic transport, secretory functions and autophagy, to build a niche of replication and proliferate in the host. (uvm.edu)

We are in the final stages of a comprehensive program to describe the ecology of free-ranging cats, and cats associated with Trap-Neuter-Return colonies, and the interactions between cats and native mesocarnivores such as raccoons. (osu.edu)

As a reply to the inflammatory milieu, tachyzoites differentiate quickly to bradyzoites (dormant stage) that may hide through the web host arsenals by representing in immune system effectors [4]. (thetechnoant.info)

This Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) invites applications to stimulate multidisciplinary research to better understand pathogen/vector interactions to identify approaches to prevent pathogen transmission to the vertebrate host. (nih.gov)
Advancements in understanding pathogen/vector interactions are paramount to identifying and exploiting approaches that inhibit transmission of vector-borne diseases. (nih.gov)

Dr. Vega-Rodriguez's group, the Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, LMVR/NIAID/NIH, studies the biology of the malaria parasite during sexual reproduction in the mosquito and during sporozoite transmission, by characterizing essential vector-parasite and host-parasite interactions. (nih.gov)

Regarding is undoubtedly a potential and exciting model pathogen for learning the research worried about pathogenesis, immune system response, and areas of hostCparasite interactions for most intracellular protozoan parasites [5] particularly. (thetechnoant.info)
Regulatory Cells and Immunosuppressive Cytokines: Parasite-Derived Factors Induce Immune Polarization. (stackexchange.com)
600/mL) probably represents an immune response to larvae migrating through host tissues. (medscape.com)

These morphological traits, together with evidence of social integration (direct contact with host brood, protective morphology, slow movement, no host aggressiveness), suggest that P. agave is a symbiotic, social parasite of N. villosa , preying on its host brood. (nature.com)
Therefore, herein we would exploit the prosperity of information designed for in concluding those we attained for associated with areas of parasite organelles features and morphology, pathogenesis and hostCparasite connections as talked about in later areas. (thetechnoant.info)
Although considerable research has been done in the field of morphology, life cycle and taxonomy of filarial parasites, comparatively little attention has been paid to the physiology and metabolism of the filarial worms and their effects on the host. (biomedcentral.com)

The enzootic cycle of the Lyme disease pathogen involves both a mammalian host and an Ixodes tick vector. (am-online.org)
As an adaptation to the varying microenvironments within the mammalian host, trypanosomes modulate the beat direction of their flagellum in response to purely biomechanical cues. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This enzyme has been extensively studied from mammalian sources but relatively less attention has been paid towards its characterization from filarial parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
Relatively, 40 times higher sensitivity of filarial PFK towards suramin as compared to the analogous enzyme from the mammalian system indicates that this enzyme could be exploited as a potential chemotherapeutic target against filariasis. (biomedcentral.com)

living on or in some other animal or insect in such a way as to derive all nourishment from the tissues of the host. (definitions.net)
Interventions to control some of these diseases have focused on the human host ( e.g. , therapeutics, vaccines) or the insect host ( e.g. , insecticides). (nih.gov)
The article describes some of the sophisticated, cunning and gruesome ways that various parasites outwit and exploit their insect hosts. (frontiersin.org)
In another type of interaction, called "bodyguard manipulation," the parasite forces the infected insect to guard its young. (frontiersin.org)

The host microenvironment thus determines in which direction the trypanosome flagellum beats, and hence in which direction the cell moves. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The concept of pathogens biomechanically exploiting the host microenvironment for efficient motility and hence for persistence is interesting, as is the triggering of flagellar beat reversal under confinement. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Pertaining to a biological or symbolic parasite. (definitions.net)
This parasite has a remarkable ability to cross biological barriers and exploit the ho. (worktribe.com)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded IL-10 (ebvIL-10), the first viral homolog of IL-10 identified, shares many but not all of the biological activities of cellular IL-10 and may play an important role in the host-virus interaction. (stackexchange.com)

Conversely, situations where several parasite genotypes present in the population that cannot coexist in the same individual host can be referred to as 'superinfection' [ 23 ] (here understood as 'within-host replacement') or 'mutual exclusion' [ 24 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Upon investigation, it is discovered that these symptoms are caused by an infestation with gastrointestinal parasites. (sigmachihq.org)

Parasites have evolved, through years of co-evolution with their host, a significant 'understanding' of their hosts' neuro-chemical systems," explains one of the article's authors, Professor Frederic Libersat from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. (frontiersin.org)
Such parasite-host interactions, developed over millions of years of evolution, provide unique tools by which one can determine how neuromodulation up-or-down regulates specific behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
A mismatch has emerged between models and data of host-parasite evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
If parasites have large impacts on host fitness, they should play an important role in the evolution of host populations. (biomedcentral.com)
I am particularly interested in how intra- and inter-specific interactions shape the evolution of life-history traits. (waw.pl)

I knew of this occurring with Toxoplasmosis gondii -infected rodents, losing their fear of predators - cats - so that they virtually invite themselves to be consumed, allowing the parasite to relocate into new hosts, to reproduce within the cat and continue their life-cycle. (margaretmorgan.info)

Neuro-parasitology is an emerging branch of science that deals with parasites that can control the nervous system of the host. (frontiersin.org)

Using this method, we were able to see a wide range of events, such as the theft of stored preys, the sharing of a prey with the host, the theft of the egg sacs, the predation of host spiders, and others. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, studying the interactions between hosts and parasites can also have implications for human health. (sigmachihq.org)
The general objective is to provide a better understanding as to how coyotes are successfully exploiting the urban landscape, and the implications of this success for people, pets, and other wildlife. (osu.edu)

Similarly, Aspirin different parasite derived-molecules had been identified that may manipulate web host factors and, incredibly, establish successful attacks. (thetechnoant.info)

Here we review and discuss the most recent knowledge on the continuous reciprocal interaction between the host and microbes in health and respiratory disease. (ersjournals.com)
The reciprocal interaction between microbes and host in the lung is increasingly recognised as an important determinant of health. (ersjournals.com)

However, how parasites manipulate their hosts is not an esoteric topic, fascinating with its evocation of gruesome zombie movies involving body snatchers. (frontiersin.org)

Nestlings' phenotypic polymorphism and co-evolutionary arms race in a host-brood parasite system in New Caledonia. (waw.pl)

Here we exploit the transparent young Striga asiatica seedling to (i) localize the site of H2O2 accumulation to the surface cells of the primary root meristem, (ii) demonstrate the accumulation of H2O2 within cytoplasmic and apoplastic compartments, and (iii) document precise regulation of H2O2 accumulation during development of the host attachment organ, the haustorium. (dadospdf.com)
For example, in Striga asiatica, an obligate hemi-parasite of grasses, the hydroquinone sorghum xenognosin for Striga germination (SXSg) is necessary and sufficient for inducing Striga seed germination (Chang et al. (dadospdf.com)

Among social parasites, the ant nest beetles ( Paussus ) are obligate myrmecophiles able to move throughout the colony at will and prey on the ants, surprisingly never eliciting aggression from the colonies. (plos.org)

Nishith Gupta's research focuses on metabolic interactions between intracellular parasites and host cells. (wikipedia.org)
Nevertheless, in today's review, we will discuss mobile and humoral immunities with a particular concentrate on the reputation and signaling pathways of web host cells and triggering parasite elements in a thorough survey approach to previous reports. (thetechnoant.info)
Large-scale coordination of cells may well be mediated by hydrodynamic interactions that do not depend on the exchange of chemical signals. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In the human bloodstream, the deadly parasites are precisely biomechanically adapted to the presence of blood cells and exhibit very rapid forward movement, which is essential for clearing host antibodies from the cell surface. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Dissecting the dynamics of this L1-host 'arms race' will help to better decipher our genome dynamics in relation to cancer, brain development, reproduction, and potentially to other human diseases. (genengnews.com)

For the parasites (and pathogens) that cause these diseases in animals, social interactions are a golden opportunity to transmit. (springernature.com)
The computations underlying social interactions are highly distributed across many brain areas. (stanford.edu)

However, many such parasites produce their effects by releasing compounds that act on the neural circuitry of the host. (frontiersin.org)

To name just a few examples, some worms induce crickets and other terrestrial insects to commit suicide in water, enabling the exit of the parasite into an aquatic environment favorable to its reproduction. (frontiersin.org)

Organisms1

Phenomena and Processes2

Virulence16

Infection12

Plasmodium6

Bacteria4

Parasitism7

Mechanisms8

Viruses6

Parasitic9

Apicomplexan parasites2

Eukaryotic2

Microbiology1

Genotype3

Pathogens exploit1

Species5

Behaviour2

Proteins5

Infections8

Infect2

Genes2

Neglected tropical1

Microbial4

Vectors1

20182

Survival2

Pathogen interactions3

Organisms3

Unicellular2

Protozoan parasite1

Behavior10

Infectious4

Ticks2

Cognitive Functions2

Intracellular growth1

Genetic4

20201

Proliferate1

Ecology1

Effectors1

Approaches2

Biology1

Immune3

Morphology3

Mammalian4

Insect4

Microenvironment2

Biological3

Genotypes1

Infestation1

Evolution5

Predators1

Parasitology1

Predation1

Implications2

Derived-molecules1

Microbes2

Manipulate1

Evolutionary1

Striga2

Obligate1

Cells4

Genome1

Social interactions2

Compounds1

Aquatic environment1