Experiments stomatal plant cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Guard cells perceive external and internal stimuli and regulate stomatal conductance in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
With the use of gas exchange analyzers, time-resolved stomatal conductance responses to light intensity, [CO 2 ] concentration and relative humidity changes can be measured. (biomedcentral.com)
A method to evaluate the dynamic effects of small molecules on stomatal conductance in a time-resolved fashion using gas exchange analyzers is presented here. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, the proposed technique was further developed and optimized for evaluation of stomatal conductance responses to small molecules in leaves of grasses using the reference plant Brachypodium distachyon . (biomedcentral.com)
Here we propose a less invasive technique which allows for time-resolved measurements of stomatal conductance responses to small molecules optimized for both Arabidopsis and Brachypodium distachyon leaves. (biomedcentral.com)
With the use of gas exchange analyzers, these parameters can be tightly controlled, and time-resolved stomatal conductance analyses have become a standard for investigating responses to these signals. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we propose an optimized method, which allows for time-resolved measurements of stomatal conductance and thus the kinetic response of the ensemble of hundreds of stomata in parallel to small molecules in intact leaves of both Arabidopsis and the grass model Brachypodium distachyon . (biomedcentral.com)
Such water use characteristics in the older culms may inhibit the stomatal conductance and lead to low sap flux density to avoid cavitation and water stress. (ncl.edu.tw)
Drought conditioning improves water status, stomatal conductance and survival of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. (afs-journal.org)
Here, we implement a mechanistic plant hydraulic module within the ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA r7236 land surface model to simulate the percentage loss of conductance (PLC) and changes in water storage among organs via a representation of the water potentials and vertical water flows along the continuum from soil to roots, stems and leaves. (copernicus.org)
During a 15-day treatment of water deficit by cessation of irrigation, the transgenic lines LM2 and LM14 showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration paired with lower photosynthesis, whereas transgenic line LM7 maintained its photosynthesis, declining stomatal conductance, and transpiration compared to WT plants, which is manifested into more efficient water use. (springer.com)
The panel was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20 K SNP array and SSR markers, and infrared thermography was applied to estimate stomatal conductance values during progressive water deficit. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic variation of VIT_17s0000g08960 coding for a raffinose synthase was further investigated by resequencing the gene of 85 individuals since a SNP located in the region (chr17_10,497,222_C_T) was significantly associated with stomatal conductance. (biomedcentral.com)
Stable oxygen isotope composition of tree ring cellulose (d 18 O cell ) has been increasingly used as a tool for reconstruction of environmental conditions (e.g. air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity) and ecophysiological variables (e.g. leaf temperature, stomatal conductance) that prevail during the period of tree growth. (copernicus.org)
In addition to ψ, there is a need to explore significance of additional plant parameters (i.e., stomatal conductance and photosynthetic status) in determining PWP. (nature.com)
Thereafter, ψ and θ within the root zone were measured along with corresponding leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic status. (nature.com)

Oxygen (O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. (wikipedia.org)
THE CONSTRUCTION COST OF VASCULAR PATHWAYS The development of a dense vein network represents a massive investment for the plant because lignified tissues are net carbon sinks that do not directly contribute to photosynthesis (Pantin et al. (ap26113.com)
2012). However, maximum net assimilation rate of photosynthesis depends on the capacity of the leaf vascular system to supply water to photosynthesizing mesophyll cells (Brodribb et al. (ap26113.com)
Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. (springer.com)
However, early stomatal closure decreases net photosynthesis by reducing photosynthetic activity of PSII, amounts of C fixed and activity of key photosynthetic enzymes resulting in a decrease in leaf area, leaf width and mean area per mesophyll cell and eventually losses in grain yield [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fast" process, such as photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal regulation are implemented on a time step of one day (or one month, interpolating between output values for adjacent months to obtain a value for each day). (lu.se)

This study highlights a role for GABA metabolism in fine tuning physiology and opens alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience. (nature.com)
The discovery that the activity of aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) can be regulated by GABA 18 represents a plausible mechanism by which GABA signals could be transduced in plants, providing a putative-but unproven-novel signalling link between primary metabolism and physiology 19 . (nature.com)
Due to the variable size of stomata in Arabidopsis and the limited dynamic response of stomata in isolated epidermal strips, evaluation of the effect of small molecules on stomatal physiology has been challenging and has led in some cases to inconsistent results. (biomedcentral.com)
In summary, we identified two opposing polarity domains that coordinate the SC division, a process crucial for grass stomatal physiology. (sciety.org)
Elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) is a determinant factor of climate change and is known to alter plant processes such as physiology, growth and resistance to pathogens. (portlandpress.com)
this in turn allowed the creation of a large gradient in d18O of leaf water, leaf sucrose, and phloem sucrose without disrupting plant physiology. (copernicus.org)
Improper determination of PWP without considering the plant physiology might result in over-irrigation, leading to excess water loss by evaporation and deep drainage. (nature.com)
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970228 and 31170237), the National Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2010CM024), and the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China (SKLPPBKF11001). (chinaagrisci.com)
Algae is not desirable in hydroponics and creates problems such as reduced yield and decreased dissolved oxygen, and affects the physiology of plants and, thus, needs to be controlled. (ashs.org)
1986 Exercises In Plant Physiology, AWS Publishers, Boston. (thetowertech.com)
Introduction To Plant Physiology. (thetowertech.com)

A plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), is produced in response to drought. (wikipedia.org)
This is more difficult to achieve when measuring stomatal responses to small soluble molecules such as the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) or the bacterial peptide flagellin 22 (flg22), in particular when investigating mutants with response phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

citation needed] Opening and closure of the stomatal pore is mediated by changes in the turgor pressure of the two guard cells. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Since guard cells control water loss of plants, the investigation on how stomatal opening and closure is regulated could lead to the development of plants with improved avoidance or slowing of desiccation and better water use efficiency. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, using the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) , the results showed that low concentrations of CAG induced stomatal closure, and high concentrations inhibited stomatal closure. (beds.ac.uk)
These results suggested that the NO accumulation was essential to induce stomatal closure under CAG treatment, and GPA1 and PLC1 acted upstream of NO. (beds.ac.uk)
Under the induction of ABA, the downstream signaling molecule IP 6 of PLC regulates the change of intracellular Ca 2+ level, thereby reducing the intracellular turgor pressure and finally causing stomatal closure [ 13 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Overexpression of AtVPS34 promoted stomatal closure while PI3K inhibitors blocked that after spray inoculation. (frontiersin.org)
Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production. (frontiersin.org)
ABA-induced stomatal closure was investigated by adding ABA to the transpiration stream of intact leaves placed in a microcentrifuge tube containing water. (biomedcentral.com)
When the bacterial peptide flg22 was added to the transpiration stream of intact wild-type leaves, a strong flg22-induced stomatal closure effect was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Applying many CLE peptides to plant roots showed that only CLE25 led to increased ABA in the leaves and pore closure. (riken.jp)
In the case of mild water stress, the partial closure of stomata can be sufficient to sustain plant performance, thus making guard cells a putative target to engineer drought avoidance in plants with minimal alterations of yield. (unibas.ch)
摘要 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signaling molecule in ethylene-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. (chinaagrisci.com)
In Arabidopsis epidermal peels, application of PAO inhibitors caused the failure of ethylene to induce H2O2 production and stomatal closure. (chinaagrisci.com)
Several factors which induce stomatal closure such as dehydration and high salinity all enhanced the expression of AtPAO2 and AtPAO4 to different degrees. (chinaagrisci.com)

Using Arabidopsis thaliana , we show guard cell GABA production is necessary and sufficient to reduce stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, which improves water use efficiency and drought tolerance, via negative regulation of a stomatal guard cell tonoplast-localised anion transporter. (nature.com)
Then, it further participates in cell growth and differentiation, hormone signal transduction, response to biological and abiotic stress, and regulation of polar growth. (beds.ac.uk)
The water status of plant leaves is dependent on both stomatal regulation and water supply from the vasculature to inner tissues. (ap26113.com)
We employ a diverse array of molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate the contribution of starch and sucrose metabolism in the regulation of stomatal movement in Arabidopsis guard cells over the diurnal cycle and in response to water deficit. (unibas.ch)

dark-to-light transition mimics night-to-day transition which opens stomatal pores ( a ) and light-to-dark transition mimics day-to-night transition which closes stomatal pores ( b ), light intensity 150 µmol m −2 s −1 . (nature.com)
The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells become turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. (wikipedia.org)
Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor pressure and stomatal pore size. (wikipedia.org)
Drought tolerance of plants is mediated by several mechanisms that work together, including stabilizing and protecting the plant from damage caused by desiccation and also controlling how much water plants lose through the stomatal pores during drought. (wikipedia.org)
The plant hormone ABA causes the stomatal pores to close in response to drought, which reduces plant water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere and allows plants to avoid or slow down water loss during droughts. (wikipedia.org)
Stomata are cellular pores on the leaf epidermis that Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. (sciety.org)
This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same pores - called stomata - to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. (washington.edu)
Stomata consist of two specialised guard cells which regulate CO 2 uptake and transpiration by changing the size of stomatal pores [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the total stomatal pore area is 5 % of the leaf surface, transpirational water loss through the stomatal pores contributes to 70 % of total water use by plants [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Early cuticle may not have had pores but did not cover the entire plant surface, so that gas exchange could continue. (pulseweighing.com)

A close-up image of the surface of an Arabidopsis plant, taken under a microscope. (washington.edu)
Torii and her team investigated which genes governed stomata formation in Arabidopsis thaliana , a small weed that is one of the most widely studied plants on the planet. (washington.edu)
In Arabidopsis , as in nearly all plants, stomata form from precursor cells known as guard mother cells, or GMCs. (washington.edu)
Without MUTE, Arabidopsis plants cannot produce stomata, and do not develop past the seedling stage. (washington.edu)
Dou H, Xv K, Meng Q, Li G, Yang X (2015) Potato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high-temperature stress. (springer.com)
To identify the precise metabolic origin of the increased sugar pool and the way the stress-induced reprogramming of carbon metabolism is regulated, we perform 14 CO 2 "pulse-chase" experiments in Arabidopsis wild type plants and a set of starch/sucrose-related mutants exposed to different levels of water stress. (unibas.ch)
In transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing AtPAO2 and AtPAO4, stomatal movement was more sensitive to ethylene treatment and H2O2 production was also significantly induced. (chinaagrisci.com)
Therefore, our results strongly indicated that PAO is a source of H2O2 generation in Arabidopsis guard cells and plays crucial roles in stomatal movement. (chinaagrisci.com)

The phototropins trigger many responses such as phototropism, chloroplast movement and leaf expansion as well as stomatal opening. (wikipedia.org)
Allelopathy mainly refers to plants releasing allelopathic substances into the environment through leaching, volatilization, root secretion, leaf decomposition, and residual strain. (beds.ac.uk)
Leaf epidermal peels can be isolated and treated with these and other molecules and stomatal apertures can be measured [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A high vein density limits the distance of photosynthate and water transport between veins, photosynthesizing mesophyll cells, and evaporative surfaces of the leaf (Amiard et al. (ap26113.com)
Moreover, while altered cell division had no influence on leaf organogenesis, induction of cell proliferation on young leaf primordia led to a dramatic change in cell layer architecture. (bvsalud.org)
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the different leaf cell layers, coupled with an abnormal proliferation of chloroplasts especially in the mesophyll cell layers, resulted in the typical interveinal leaf banding. (bvsalud.org)
These discrepancies in leaf cell structure were depicted by an abnormal rate of cellular division of the leaf interveinal areas infected by the nematode, promoting significant increase of cell size and leaf thickness. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we constructed a multi-segment C4 leaf metabolic model of S. viridis with two cell types (bundle sheath and mesophyll cells) across four leaf segments (base to tip). (bvsalud.org)
Gyenge J.E., Fernández M.E., Dalla Salda G., Schlichter T., Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. (afs-journal.org)
Before investigating how CLE25 induces ABA synthesis once it arrives at the leaf, the team created mutant plants that lacked CLE25 or ABA and performed several control experiments that confirmed that their findings. (riken.jp)
In particular, after only three hours of dehydration, plants without CLE25 already showed 7 times less leaf ABA and had lost more water than control plants. (riken.jp)
Moreover, transgenic lines were more tolerant to saline stress and presented a greener phenotype with increased chlorophyll content in leaf discs compared to WT plants. (springer.com)
This de novo assembly of a red clover transcriptome from leaf material of droughted and non-droughted plants provides a rich source for gene identification, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and short sequence repeats (SSR). (biomedcentral.com)
The current tree-ring d 18 O cell mechanistic model assumes no oxygen exchange/biochemical fractionation effect during sucrose loading from the source leaf to the phloem, but is has been debated as to whether or not such an assumption is valid. (copernicus.org)
We will present data collected from this experiment to examine the d18O relationships among the various water and sucrose pools, which may provide some insights into the possible isotope effects associated with sucrose translocation from leaf to the phloem. (copernicus.org)
This study introduces a new framework for determining PWP by integrating plant leaf response and ψ during drought. (nature.com)
Stomata are specialized leaf epidermal cells which regulate photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and water loss by transpiration. (biomedcentral.com)
We applied a leaf imprinting method for rapid and non-destructive phenotyping to explore genetic variation and identify quantitative traits loci (QTL) for stomatal traits in wheat grown under greenhouse and field conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The genetics of stomatal traits on the adaxial surface of the flag leaf was investigated using 146 double haploid lines derived from a cross between two Australian lines of Triticum aestivum , RAC875 and Kukri. (biomedcentral.com)
A negative correlation was found between stomatal size and density, reflecting a compensatory relationship between these traits to maintain total pore area per unit leaf surface area. (biomedcentral.com)
Stomatal and epidermal cells play an important role in the control of water evaporation and gas exchange in leaf [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inside the leaf at the cellular level, water on the surface of mesophyll cells saturates the cellulose microfibrils of the primary cell wall. (pulseweighing.com)
The main anatomical characteristics are three types of unicellular hairs, unequally sized epidermis cells of the leaf and a sclerenchyma belt in the stem. (who.int)

The higher endogenous sucrose content in 5% sucrose treated plants than that in 3 or 1% treated plants suggested the uptake of exogenously available sucrose by plants. (scialert.net)
Plant response to drought was dependent on the relative porosity and mineralogy of the soil, which governs the ease at which roots can grow, assimilate soil O 2 , and uptake water. (nature.com)
Contrastingly, fine root hair formation in silty sand facilitated higher plant water uptake and doubled the plant survival time. (nature.com)

The stomatal aperture of plc1 , gpa1 , and plc1/gpa1 was higher than that of WT under CAG treatment. (beds.ac.uk)
Exogenous application of c-PTIO to WT significantly induced stomatal aperture under CAG treatment. (beds.ac.uk)
Moreover, potential signals from the mesophyll are missing when using epidermal peels to evaluate stomatal aperture responses. (biomedcentral.com)

The turgor pressure of guard cells is controlled by movements of large quantities of ions and sugars into and out of the guard cells. (wikipedia.org)

Stomata close when there is an osmotic loss of water, occurring from the loss of K+ to neighboring cells, mainly potassium (K+) ions. (wikipedia.org)
Clifford S.C., Arndt S.K., Corlett J.E., Joshi S., Sankhla N., Popp M., Jones H.G., The role of solute accumulation, osmotic adjustment and changes in cell wall elasticity in drought tolerance in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk. (afs-journal.org)
Fan S., Blake T.J., Blumwald E., The relative contribution of elastic and osmotic adjustment to turgor maintenance of woody plants, Physiol. (afs-journal.org)
Hinckley T.M., Duhme F., Hinckley A.R., Richter H., Water relations of drought hardy shrubs: osmotic potential and stomatal reactivity, Plant Cell Environ. (afs-journal.org)

5. The strain caused by transpiration pulls water upward in the plants xylem, much like you do while sucking on a straw. (pulseweighing.com)
Fossil plants with anatomically preserved xylem are known from the Silurian (more than 400 million years ago), and trace fossils resembling individual xylem cells may be found in earlier Ordovician rocks. (pulseweighing.com)
The water moves from the xylem cells into these mesophyll cells by osmosis. (pulseweighing.com)
Xylem vessels are tubular structures that extend from the roots to the plants crown. (pulseweighing.com)
When plants release water via transpiration, cohesion is responsible fo Ans: As per the definitions, adhesion is the tendency of two or more distinct Ans: The strain caused by transpiration pulls water upward in the plants xylem, much like you d Ans: Water molecules cohesiveness enables plants to absorb water at their roots. (pulseweighing.com)

Plant defense involves two overlapping tiers of responses, PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) ( Jones and Dangl, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
In contrast to PTI, ETI induces stronger and long-lasting responses, which is frequently accompanied by programmed cell death, a process known as the hypersensitive response (HR), leading to pathogen resistance. (frontiersin.org)
As first author Fuminori Takahashi explains, "Although we know that some peptide hormones in plants mediate cellular development, until now nobody had identified any that regulate responses to physical stresses such as dehydration. (riken.jp)
Our study aims to decipher the effect of eCO 2 on plant responses to PM. Oak seedlings were grown in controlled environment at ambient (aCO 2 , ∼400 ppm) and eCO 2 (∼1000 ppm), and infected with Erysiphe alphitoides, the causal agent of oak PM. Plant growth, physiological parameters and disease progression were monitored. (portlandpress.com)
Dodd I, Ryan A (2016) Whole-Plant Physiological Responses to Water-Deficit Stress. (springer.com)
Chapter 3 Biochemistry and cell biology of calcium channels and signaling involved in plant growth and environmental responses. (globalsciencebooks.info)
2. Zhu J K, Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants. (sustech.edu.cn)
Airborne, space-borne and hand-held remote sensing technologies are commonly used to investigate the spectral responses of vegetation to plant stress. (moam.info)

Understanding the mechanisms controlling stomatal size, and their opening under drought, is critical to reduce plant water loss and maintain a high photosynthetic rate which ultimately leads to elevated yield. (biomedcentral.com)

Four-week-old seedlings of tomato were grown in a pot containing autoclaved commercial soil with basil, peppermint and hyssop as a companion plant separately in different density. (scirp.org)
However, 1 and 5% sucrose was to be affecting stomatal and trichome density, including the germination rate in comparison to 3% sucrose. (scialert.net)
Fresh, however, stomatal density can change and applied in archeological excavations dating back pain. (myjuicecup.com)

Unlike other plants, the genes encoding enzymes CDPS, KS and KO were reported to be present in duplicate functional forms in Stevia . (scialert.net)
MUTE directs the activity of other genes that tell cells when to divide and not to divide - much like how a conductor tells musicians when to play and when to stay silent. (washington.edu)
The MUTE gene encodes instructions for a cellular protein that can control the "on" or "off" state of other plant genes. (washington.edu)
They discovered that many of the activated genes control cell division - a process that is critical for stomatal development. (washington.edu)
Since their data showed that MUTE proteins switched on genes that regulated cell division, Torii and her team wondered if MUTE is the gene that activates this single round of cell division. (washington.edu)
The genes Cs RafS1 and CsGolS1 showed similar or greater expression in one of the transgenic lines with respect to control plants. (springer.com)
Before onset of drought the sensitive plants overexpressed a number of genes annotated as senescence-related. (biomedcentral.com)
GWAS detected 24 significant marker-trait associations along the various stages of drought-stress experiment and 13 candidate genes with a feasible role in drought response were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
Plants also defend themselves against pathogens through antimicrobial compounds, strengthened cell walls, and the activation of defense-related genes. (mdpi.com)
A way to improve the drought tolerance of crops is to discover new genes and alleles that allow plants to continue to grow and maintain or increase grain yield under water-limited growing conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

The GMI is a research institute devoted to plant biology. (oeaw.ac.at)
Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid, a senior research scientist and consultant at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, highlights the need for a scientifically-based public dialogue on GMO regulations, in response to a revised EU directive on gene technology. (oeaw.ac.at)
Yasin Dagdas, group leader at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), is a newly elected member of the OeAW's Young Academy. (oeaw.ac.at)
The MUTE gene acts as a master regulator of stomatal development," said senior author Keiko Torii , a UW professor of biology and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . (washington.edu)

In the plants being exposed to environmental stresses, ion channels are likely activated to convert these external stimuli into intracellular signals. (globalsciencebooks.info)

provided by Plant & Soil Sciences eLibraryPRO at the University of Nebraska Lincoln. (plantingscience.org)
The model was evaluated against observed seasonal variability in stand-scale sap flow, soil moisture and productivity under both control and drought setups at the Caxiuanã throughfall exclusion field experiment in eastern Amazonia between 2001 and 2008. (copernicus.org)
Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan have discovered a small hormone that helps plants retain water when none is available in the soil. (riken.jp)
Permanent wilting point (PWP) is generally used to ascertain plant resistance against abiotic drought stress and designated as the soil water content (θ) corresponding to soil suction (ψ) at 1500 kPa obtained from the soil water retention curve. (nature.com)
PWP is defined as the percentage amount of water per unit weight or bulk volume of the soil that cannot be absorbed by plant roots 9 . (nature.com)
Lunchbox Red' was significantly greater than 'Early Jalapeno' in all growth parameters, except soil plant analysis development (SPAD). (ashs.org)
1. In his book De plantis libri XVI (On Plants, in 16 books) (1583), the Italian physician and botanist Andrea Cesalpino proposed that plants draw water from soil not by magnetism (ut magnes ferrum trahit, as magnetic iron attracts) nor by suction (vacuum), but by absorption, as occurs in the case of linen, sponges, or powders. (pulseweighing.com)

Mesophyll tissues often have a low cell packing and are largely composed of airspaces. (ap26113.com)
Histological sections revealed a dramatic cell change composition of these nematode-infected tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Starch it is extracted from many different plants and tissues, like tubers (e.g. potato) or seeds (e.g. cereals). (uzh.ch)

Furthermore, all transgenic lines exhibited significantly less accumulation of reactive oxygen species than WT plants. (springer.com)
Thus, a low pH medium allows greater accumulation and metabolism of auxin into plant cells in the base of cuttings, thereby increasing rooting performance. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Starch accounts for about 60% of dry matter in scales just before planting, and over 60% of the starch decreases during the first three months after planting, coupled with a high accumulation of sucrose and oligofructans. (globalsciencebooks.info)

Guard cells contain phototropin proteins which are serine and threonine kinases with blue-light photoreceptor activity. (wikipedia.org)
The authors demonstrate that the opposing polarity domains of these proteins are linked to cell division orientation. (sciety.org)
While both proteins have been studied previously in other systems, there was no prior evidence of cooperative functions in a single cell type, as shown here. (sciety.org)
Total soluble proteins and amino acids were the highest in plants from the MS medium with 1 mg·L −1 mT. Increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity were observed on media with 1 mg·L −1 BA. (mdpi.com)

In this first study to decifer genetic relationships between wheat stomatal traits and yield in response to water deficit, no significant correlations were observed among yield and stomatal traits under field conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Fang Y, Xiong L (2015) General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. (springer.com)
The compounds that are found in some spices and produced by herbs act as self-defense mechanisms to protect the plant against infectious organisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Plants have evolved mechanisms to cope with environmental stressors such as temperature extremes, drought, salinity, and pathogens. (mdpi.com)

Guard cells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. (wikipedia.org)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. (frontiersin.org)
The plant scientists at RIKEN CSRS wanted to find out whether any plant hormones respond to physical-abiotic-stress. (riken.jp)
As Takahashi notes, "Our research absolutely has applications in the real world and should contribute to the development of abiotic stress-resistant crops that take advantage of the mobile peptide system in plants. (riken.jp)

An interesting fact regarding sucrose responsiveness is that a specific concentration of sucrose is a necessity for plant growth and survival and at the same time mere increase or decrease from the normal concentration produces adverse results. (scialert.net)

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Lamiaceae herbs companion planting on growth and secondary metabolites changes in tomato plants. (scirp.org)
Ahmad, H. , Kobayashi, M. and Matsubara, Y. (2020) Changes in Secondary Metabolites and Free Amino Acid Content in Tomato with Lamiaceae Herbs Companion Planting. (scirp.org)

In cells of the mammalian immune system, PI3K is activated by receptors for antigen, cytokines, costimulatory molecules, and so on. (frontiersin.org)
Our research ranges from molecules to ecosystems, involving a wide variety of plants - all depending on the question. (oeaw.ac.at)
Conserved signaling molecules, called RHO GTPases, define where growth occurs on the surface of eukaryotic cells. (oeaw.ac.at)

CDPS, KS, KO, UGT85C2 and UGT76G1 in 5% sucrose treated plants compared to that in 1 and 3% treated plants. (scialert.net)
Furthermore, the quantitative estimation of steviol glycosides in leaves revealed that approximately 4.5 times higher glycosides accumulated in 5% sucrose treated plants than that in 3 and 1% treated plants. (scialert.net)
From times till date, studies have well documented the multifarious important functions of carbon source sucrose during plant development from their germination to maturity. (scialert.net)

QTL were identified for stomatal traits on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, and 7A under field and controlled conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

In pepper, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight were found to be significantly greater with Zerotol 35 mL biweekly, Zerotol 70 mL weekly, PERpose Plus 35 mL biweekly, and PERpose Plus 70 mL weekly compared with the control. (ashs.org)

Results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and pharmacological experiments showed that AtPAO2 and AtPAO4 transcripts and activities of PAOs were both induced by ethylene. (chinaagrisci.com)

Although it has been shown that the lateral SC contributes to rapid stomatal opening and closing, little is known about how the SC is generated from the subsidiary mother cell (SMC) and how the SMC acquires its intracellular polarity. (sciety.org)

To form a working stoma - singular for stomata - a GMC divides once to yield to paired guard cells. (washington.edu)
However we found some overlaps between QTL for stomatal traits and yield across environments. (biomedcentral.com)
This suggested that stomatal traits could be an underlying mechanism increasing yield at specific loci and used as a proxy to track a target QTL in recombinant lines. (biomedcentral.com)

Such studies have revealed strong linear relationships between plant pigment concentration and the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance, while plant water content has been linked to specific bands in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region of the spectrum. (moam.info)

Detecting functional peptide hormones is very difficult in living cells because the amounts are so small. (riken.jp)
Now that they have discovered the CLE25 peptide hormone and determined how it helps plants retain water, the team is confident that this is just the beginning. (riken.jp)

A review of literature has shown that additions of biochar to soils or growth media may improve plant nutrition through enhanced acquisition of nutrients by crops grown in biochar-amended media. (umass.edu)
Thus, tomato plants grown with herb companion planting in 1:1 ratio seems to have a positive impact on growth of tomato. (scirp.org)
Plants respond to environmental change in order to maximize growth and reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS It is of note that, beyond developmental factors, the functioning and hydraulic resistance of the vascular pathway depends on the plant growth conditions (Brodribb et al. (ap26113.com)
Water may cross cell membranes only for cell water homeostasis, during rehydration and expansion growth (Heinen et al. (ap26113.com)
As in most plants, during their growth from immature to mature stages, the leaves of Setaria viridis, a model C4 bioenergy plant, have differential growth rates from the base (immature or growing) to the tip (most mature). (bvsalud.org)
Grossnickle S.C., Importance of root growth in overcoming planting stress, New For. (afs-journal.org)
Plants from a full sib mapping family were used in a drought experiment, in which the growth rate and relative water content (RWC) identified two pools of ten plants contrasting in their tolerance to drought. (biomedcentral.com)
pH has a strong influence upon the availability of mineral nutrients needed for plant growth and developmental processes. (globalsciencebooks.info)
The results from both plants as well as algae analysis suggest that weekly application of 70 mL of either Zerotol or PERpose Plus produced the best results in terms of controlling algae and improving the growth of pepper and tomato plants. (ashs.org)

We find GABA modulation of stomata occurs in multiple plants, including dicot and monocot crops. (nature.com)
Guard cells have cell walls of varying thickness(its inner region, adjacent to the stomatal pore is thicker and highly cutinized) and differently oriented cellulose microfibers, causing them to bend outward when they are turgid, which in turn, causes stomata to open. (wikipedia.org)
A key feature of stomata is the subsidiary cell (SC), which laterally flanks the guard cell (GC). (sciety.org)
This study reveals a unique developmental process of grass stomata, where two opposing polarity factors form domains in the SMC and ensure asymmetric cell division and SC generation. (sciety.org)
Understanding how stomata form is critical basic information toward understanding how plants grow and produce the biomass upon which we thrive. (washington.edu)
In a paper published May 7 in the journal Developmental Cell , a University of Washington-led team describes the delicate cellular symphony that produces tiny, functional stomata. (washington.edu)
MUTE exerts precision control over the proper formation of stomata by initiating a single round of cell division - just one - in the precursor cell that stomata develop from. (washington.edu)
Stomata resemble doughnuts - a circular pore with a hole in the middle for gas to enter or leave the plant. (washington.edu)
If plants cannot make stomata, they are not viable - they cannot 'breathe,'" said Torii, who also is a professor at Nagoya University in Japan. (washington.edu)

Specifically, we find that GABA concentration increases under a water deficit and this reduces stomatal opening in an ALMT9-dependant manner. (nature.com)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial gas signal molecule in plants. (beds.ac.uk)

2008. Plant Signaling and Behavior 3(10): 778-783. (plantingscience.org)
Actually, phosphoinositide signaling plays a vital role in plant immunity. (frontiersin.org)

The scientists discovered that a gene in plants known as MUTE orchestrates stomatal development. (washington.edu)
Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
Cervera M, Ortega C, Navarro A, Navarro L, Peña L (2000) Generation of transgenic citrus plants with the tolerance-to-salinity gene HAL2 from yeast. (springer.com)

We adapt a fire-behavior and effects module for use in a size-structured vegetation demographic model to test how climate, fire regime and fire-tolerance plant traits interact to determine the distribution of tropical forests and grasslands. (copernicus.org)
Significant differences between the lines were observed for stomatal densitity and size related traits. (biomedcentral.com)

The genetic program would have to switch on cell division in the GMC, and then quickly switch it right back off to ensure that only a single round of division occurs. (washington.edu)
The experiment aimed to compare the effects of BA and mT on the regeneration from explants of Daphne mezereum , on the levels of several chemical components, the catalase activity, and to assess genetic diversity of microcuttings. (mdpi.com)

Fig. 1: Guard cells respond to light signals. (nature.com)
Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. (wikipedia.org)
CAG increased the fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells. (beds.ac.uk)
The fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells of plc1 , gpa1 , and plc1/gpa1 was lower than WT, indicating that PLC1 and GPA1 were involved in the NO production in guard cells. (beds.ac.uk)
Evidence suggests that guard cells have higher rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)-mediated dark CO2 assimilation than mesophyll cells. (bvsalud.org)
However, it is unknown which metabolic pathways are activated following dark CO2 assimilation in guard cells. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, it remains unclear how the metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and associated pathways are regulated in illuminated guard cells. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we report the involvement of polyamine oxidases (PAOs) in ethylene-induced H2O2 production in guard cells. (chinaagrisci.com)
Moreover, GFPAtPAOs fusion protein localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell wall of the guard cells. (chinaagrisci.com)

Blood cells genesis and differentiation. (thetowertech.com)

The potential output of the model include current values of the ecosystem state variables (e.g. biomass for different plant functional types, PFTs) as well as biogeochemical fluxes of CO2 and H2O from ecosystems to the atmosphere or hydrosphere. (lu.se)

With further clarification of some of the localization findings, this study will be of strong interest to plant cell biologists and those interested in asymmetric cell division generally. (sciety.org)

Among the ions taken up by the plant cells, Ca2+ plays an essential role as an intracellular secondary messenger in plants and thus the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is strictly regulated. (globalsciencebooks.info)

Four weeks after companion planting, tomato plants under 1:1 companionship with the herbs showed significant increase in dry weights of shoots compared to control. (scirp.org)
By the LC-MS analysis, shikimic acid and apigenin were identified as the major secondary compounds found in tomato plants and 1:1 companionship with basil seemed to have a positive influence on their content in tomato shoots. (scirp.org)
On the other hand, in case of peppermint and hyssop, the increase was observed in all parts of tomato plants. (scirp.org)
In addition, promotion in several free amino acid contents w as also observed in tomato plants with basil companion planting compared to control. (scirp.org)

Anatomy36

Organisms79

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture24

Information Science4

Health Care4

Conductance16

Photosynthesis6

Physiology11

Abscisic acid2

Closure14

Regulation4

Pores10

Arabidopsis8

Leaf23

Uptake3

Aperture3

Turgor pressure1

Osmotic4

Xylem5

Responses8

Photosynthetic1

Density3

Genes10

Biology4

Stimuli1

Soil7

Tissues3

Accumulation3

Proteins4

Response to water deficit1

Mechanisms3

Epidermis1

Abiotic3

Survival1

Secondary metabolites2

Molecules3

Sucrose3

Chromosomes1

Significantly1

Quantitative1

Contributes1

Yield3

Pigment1

Peptide2

Growth10

Stomata9

Deficit1

Crucial1

Signaling2

Gene3

Traits2

Genetic2

Guard cells9

Differentiation1

Biomass1

Asymmetric cell div1

Intracellular1

Tomato plants4