• It has become a prevalent technology, allowing an efficient genome-wide relative quantification of gene expression and, in particular, it is the method of choice to find differentially expressed genes between two or more biological conditions of interest. (frontiersin.org)
  • The RNA-seq revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEG), particularly 679 upregulated genes and 360 downregulated genes within the gills, and 206 upregulated genes and 170 downregulated genes in head kidney. (esb2017.org)
  • We have developed a fast, pattern-based computational approach, named openSESAME (Search of Expression Signatures Across Many Experiments), that identifies datasets enriched in samples that display coordinate differential expression of a query signature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One approach to this problem is to create sets of genes with common biological characteristics, such as chromosomal location, biochemical function, or observed differential expression in some experimental condition, and then to determine whether the genes in these sets are coordinately induced or repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-Seq is a widely used technology that allows an efficient genome-wide quantification of gene expressions for, for example, differential expression (DE) analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The comparison of the D vs. H group at 15 days of healing yielded the largest number of genes with significantly differential expression, among which various genes associated with the ossification process (bmp4, ltbp4, thra and cd276) were identified. (unipr.it)
  • The article "Differential expression of the glucose transporter gene glcH in response to glucose and light in marine picocyanobacterial" by Moreno-Cabezuelo et al. (peerj.com)
  • To analyze microarray datasets (34760 variables) and obtain functional implications of differential expression patterns, we used Linear Models for Microarray Data (limma) followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using ClusterProfiler. (lu.se)
  • Identifying similarities between patterns of differential gene expression provides an opportunity to identify similarities between the experimental and biological conditions that give rise to these gene expression alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • openSESAME is a tool for leveraging the growing body of publicly available microarray data to discover relationships between different biological states based on common patterns of differential gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These relationships may serve to generate hypotheses about the causes and consequences of specific patterns of observed differential gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a challenge for scientists performing genome-wide gene expression microarray analysis has been using these data to generate hypotheses about biological processes responsible for the patterns of differential gene expression associated with a particular trait or experimental variable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different gene expression patterns, shown by tools such as quantitative PCR, microarrays, and high-throughput RNA sequencing, reveal how organisms respond to different environments. (nature.com)
  • Despite its stochasticity, TRAs are co-expressed in clusters which however, rather mirror their co-localization on chromosomes than co-expression patterns from particular tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • We robustly grouped these transcripts by K-means clustering into modules with distinct temporal expression patterns, shared regulatory motifs, and biological functions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The algorithm can effectively remove the noise data reflected by calculating the topological structure characteristic values in the PPI network through the similarity of gene expression patterns, and also properly use the information hidden in the gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calculating the similarity between gene expression patterns (co-expression degree) by using gene expression data has an important guiding function in understanding the relationship between the corresponding proteins of the gene, and can help to identify whether different proteins have same or similar functions and whether they can be composed as protein complexes or functional modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of genes with altered expression patterns in the spinal cords of estrogen-treated mice provides unique insight into the process that ultimately results in protection against EAE. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For genes encoding the disrupted interactions, we evaluate their expression patterns across developing brains and within specific cell types, using both bulk and inferred cell-type-specific brain transcriptomes. (springer.com)
  • Using the newly released and larger ASC dataset, we confirm these observations and take them in several new directions: (1) By defining a set of genes encoding these disrupted protein interactors in ASD subjects and another for their siblings, we evaluate their expression patterns in developing brain from fetal to early postnatal development and within general cell types of brain tissue. (springer.com)
  • COVID-19 and alcohol use disorder: putative differential gene expression patterns that might be associated with neurological complications. (cdc.gov)
  • Developmental regulation of lck gene expression in T lymphocytes. (rupress.org)
  • Information on gene expression and regulation is expanding rapidly, and the complexity of the experimental design and data makes unique demands on databases to store the results. (psu.edu)
  • This approach affords an efficient and rapid means of re-introducing genetically modified tissue into intact organisms and provides a system whereby the expression and regulation of cloned genes can be followed within the context of a well characterized developmental programme. (nature.com)
  • In his postdoc at the Malhotra lab (CRG-Center for Genomic Regulation), he shifted to experimental cell biology and biochemistry to explore mechanisms of intracellular trafficking and the cooperation between lipids and proteins in organizing Golgi membranes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Changes in expression with maze task occurred in 789 genes: up-regulation in 96 genes and down-regulation in 208 genes. (umich.edu)
  • Continued studies focused on genes showing minimal changes in the TMA-induced model but with clear up-regulation in the ovalbumin model. (cdc.gov)
  • The growing volume of gene expression data in open data repositories such as the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) presents an opportunity to identify these gene expression similarities on a large scale across a diverse collection of datasets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, openSESAME performs this search without prior knowledge of the phenotypic or experimental groups in the datasets being searched. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clustering gene expression datasets can provide accurate identification of cancerous cell lines, but this task is challenging due to the small sample size and high dimensionality. (arxiv.org)
  • Using the $K$-means clustering algorithm we determine the organisation of the solution space for a variety of gene expression datasets using energy landscape theory. (arxiv.org)
  • Reference datasets are often used to compare, interpret or validate experimental data and analytical methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the field of gene expression, several reference datasets have been published. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we describe a new type of standardized datasets representative for the spatial and temporal dimensions of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New technological platforms are also frequently assessed by generating data from control samples, resulting in baseline experimental datasets that can subsequently be used as a reference on these platforms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most publicly available datasets originate from a single experiment with few independent biological replicates and performed in a particular experimental setting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing one's own expression profiles with reference datasets composed of a variety of different experimental conditions allows interpreting similarities globally or at the level of individual gene signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper analyzes gene expression datasets from cervical cancer microarray data. (peerj.com)
  • Under developmental conditions, the Tubulin beta-1 chain (β-Tubulin) was the most stable reference gene, followed by translation elongation factor (eEF2) and ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3). (lu.se)
  • These cells were shown to uniquely express a protein called autoimmune regulator (Aire), which drives the expression of approximately 40% TRAs, referred to as Aire-dependent, and is so far the only well characterized driver of PGE. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, the level of TRA expression and numbers of alternative-splicing protein variants in the thymus correspond to the peripheral tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNase One gene is isolated from prokaryotic genomic DNA , expressed as a tagged protein , affinity purified, and tested for activity and substrate specificity . (bvsalud.org)
  • In gills, genes associated to the immune system (perforin, CC1) and protein binding have been upregulated. (esb2017.org)
  • Developing a protein function module recognition method ECTG based on Topological Features and Gene expression data for Protein Complex Identification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The experimental results show that the ECTG algorithm can detect protein functional modules better. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ECTG(Evolutionary Clustering Algorithm Based on Topological Features and Gene expression data for Protein Complex Identification). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This method is based on evolutionary algorithm (EA), which effectively fuses protein topology and gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Viral Protein Apoptin Associates with the Anaphase Promoting Complex to Induce G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis in the Absence of p53," Genes Dev. (wpi.edu)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • We investigate the functional relevance of de novo missense variants, specifically whether they are likely to disrupt protein interactions, and nominate novel genes in risk for ASD through integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. (springer.com)
  • Finally, we integrate protein interactions and cell-type-specific co-expression networks together with published association data to implicate novel genes in ASD risk in a cell-type-specific manner. (springer.com)
  • Consistent with other studies, genes identified by disrupted protein interactions are expressed early in development and in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages. (springer.com)
  • Disrupted protein interactions identify gene sets involved in risk for ASD. (springer.com)
  • Results from a new cell study suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can bring about long-term gene expression changes. (eurekalert.org)
  • We found that exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone was enough to change baseline gene expression in airway cells," said Nicholas Evans, a master's student in the laboratory of Sharilyn Almodovar, PhD, at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. (eurekalert.org)
  • The researchers found that cultured human airway cells exposed to both low and high concentrations of purified spike protein showed differences in gene expression that remained even after the cells recovered from the exposure. (eurekalert.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry was done to investigate the protein expression of E2F1, TS, and Survivin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The ABCB11 gene provides instructions for making a protein called the bile salt export pump (BSEP), which is found in the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Overview of Genetics A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A number of genes concerned in IFN associated pathways have been upregulated within the head kidney. (esb2017.org)
  • A misregulation of genes and pathways related to cell division, energy production, inflammation and osteogenesis may account for the impaired regeneration process in D rats. (unipr.it)
  • As human PPAR alpha expression is significantly less than that of rodents, potential PPAR alpha independence indicates that future research must explore mechanisms of action of these compounds, including PPAR alpha-dependent and -independent pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • In AAV groups, from the combined limma with GSEA using ClusterProfiler, we found both shared and unique gene sets and pathways for mice with wtHTT overexpression compared to mice with mHTT overexpression. (lu.se)
  • Multiple biosynthetic pathways such as sterol synthesis were among the top shared processes, where both unique and shared genes constituted leading-edge subsets. (lu.se)
  • Two of these genes, arginase 1 and eotaxin 1 are the focus of continuing investigations in mouse models of asthma regarding differences in mechanistic pathways depending on the allergen. (cdc.gov)
  • Array studies provide candidate genes to identify common mechanistic pathways in the effector phase, as well as mechanistic pathways unique to individual allergens. (cdc.gov)
  • G3, Genes/Genomes/Genetics. (usda.gov)
  • Both genetics and environmental factors influence the expression of asthma, and not all asthma is the result of a specific immune response to allergen. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, different sets of genes were shown higher stability in terms of expression under tissue-specific conditions, i.e. (lu.se)
  • We found a striking cluster of late expressed genes that form the structural and innate immune defences of the epithelial barrier. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adjustments within the expression of innate immune genes in gills and head kidney at 2, 3, 5, 7 and 23 dpi have been analysed utilizing real-time PCR. (esb2017.org)
  • To demonstrate the utility of openSESAME, we used gene expression signatures of two biological perturbations to query a set of 75,164 human expression profiles that were generated using Affymetrix microarrays and deposited in GEO. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If a preponderance of genes in any of these predefined groups of genes (gene sets) is coordinately differentially expressed, it may be reasonable to hypothesize that the biological characteristic upon which that gene set was defined is relevant to the experimental perturbation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For individuals working on tomato research, on the basis of the meta-analysis, we recommend at least four biological replicates per condition and 20 M reads per sample to be almost sure of obtaining about 1000 DE genes if they exist. (frontiersin.org)
  • The limitations and possibilities associated with expression profiling in intracellular amastigotes and promastigotes were assessed through a series of comparative experiments in which technical and biological parameters were scrutinized. (cambridge.org)
  • On the biological level, we demonstrate that gene expression levels fluctuate during in vitro development of both intracellular amastigotes and promastigotes. (cambridge.org)
  • We chose to use expression-curves rather than single, specific, time-point measurements to capture this biological variation. (cambridge.org)
  • We aim to review studies in which experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches, rooted in the physical sciences, are developed and/or applied to provide deep insights into the collective properties and function of multicomponent biological systems and processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • We picked up 12 candidate genes in conjunction with the memory. (umich.edu)
  • Different statistical methods with varying selection criteria resulted in identification of similar candidate genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Array data are intended to provide candidate genes for hypothesis generation and further experimentation. (cdc.gov)
  • Genome-wide gene expression microarrays have found widespread use because of their high throughput and ability to measure the expression of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, we created a genome-wide expression dataset representing the FDA tissue panel across 35 tissue types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also analyzed the impact of both the replicate number and library size on gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The reviewer also asked question about gene set enrichment analysis, which I believe is written slightly confusing way. (peerj.com)
  • As a continuation of these studies, we present here transcriptional changes in genes expressed in spinal cord tissue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hybridization in situ detected extensive rSP mRNA expression in the regenerative epithelia. (nih.gov)
  • There was a twofold increase in renal cortical alpha 1 (III) mRNA expression coincident with the onset of tubulointerstitial myofibroblasts infiltration in rats with PAN nephrosis beginning on day 6, which increased to a fivefold difference by day 10. (nih.gov)
  • By combining in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry, alpha 1(III) mRNA expression was colocalized to cells that labeled for alpha-smooth muscle actin identifying them as myofibroblasts. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, the major site of alpha 1(III) mRNA expression shifted to tubuloepithelial cells with the waning of myofibroblast infiltration on day 21. (nih.gov)
  • alpha 1(III) mRNA expression also localized to cells that labeled for alpha-smooth muscle actin. (nih.gov)
  • Hellqvist, A., Bornestaf, C., Borg, B. and Schmitz, M. (2004) Cloning and sequencing of the FSH-b and LH-b subunit in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and effects of photoperiod and temperature on LH-b and FSH-b mRNA expression. (scirp.org)
  • The recent identification of mammalian circadian clock genes now makes it possible to examine time zone adjustments from the perspective of molecular events within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the principal circadian oscillator. (jneurosci.org)
  • We describe a prototype database containing experimental results on the expression of mammalian β-like globin genes, along with several query methods for accessing the information. (psu.edu)
  • Several distinct types of baseline gene expression data exist: tissue, cancer or development profiles (usually absolute expression values), perturbations and diseases (relative values) and time courses and dose responses (absolute or relative values), or a combination of these spatial, temporal and response profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The outcomes indicated that the expression of cytokines (CC1, IL-8) and antimicrobial peptide (Hep) have been strongly stimulated and reached a peak at 5 dpi within the early infestation stage, adopted by a gradual discount within the restoration stage (23 dpi). (esb2017.org)
  • The lists of up- and downregulated genes were cross-matched with lists of genes known to be associated with cytokines or the extracellular matrix. (thejns.org)
  • Reported immunomodulation in experimental animals exposed to PFOA and PFOS has included altered inflammatory responses, production of cytokines and other proteins, reduced lymphoid organ weights, and altered antibody synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, the present study delivers a catalog of reference genes under varied experimental conditions for the coleopteran forest pest I. sexdentatus and paves the way for future gene expression and functional genomic studies on this species. (lu.se)
  • The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man ( OMIM ) database is a searchable catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Micro- array data from the ovalbumin and TMA model of asthma were also compared to previous data using Aspergillus as allergen to identify putative asthma `signature genes', i.e. genes up-regulated with all 3 allergens. (cdc.gov)
  • Defects in the expression of Aire lead to multiorgan autoimmunity in mice and cause a severe autoimmune syndrome called APECED in human. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is now well documented that experimental autoimmune encephalomyeltitis (EAE) can be effectively prevented by estrogen therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • That is, a user might like to (or rather should always carefully) examine whether there is a correlation between gene expression and technical parameters such as scanner, array batch, hybridization date, protocols, and so on. (lu.se)
  • The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Bilogy Journal. (usda.gov)
  • Gene expression profiles are essential in identifying different cancer phenotypes. (arxiv.org)
  • Better understanding of new mutations and the wide range of possible phenotypes led to the development of a new nomenclature proposal, based on the gene and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)
  • Gene Ontology analyses showed that undifferentiated keratinocytes were characterised by genes for motility and the adaptive immune response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 2023 0 0. (cdc.gov)
  • Evans will present the research at the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology annual meeting during the virtual Experimental Biology (EB) 2021 meeting, to be held April 27-30. (eurekalert.org)
  • Gefitinib and erlotinib would be effective for tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or increased EGFR gene copy numbers ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • [ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the ABCB11 gene can cause benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the ABCB11 gene that cause BRIC2 lead to a 40 to 50 percent reduction of bile salt transport. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More than 100 mutations in the ABCB11 gene have been found to cause a severe form of liver disease called progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) that usually leads to liver failure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the ABCB11 gene that cause PFIC2 result in a 70 percent reduction to complete absence of bile salt transport out of the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Aire is not classical transcription factor, because instead of recognition of specific consensus sequences, Aire seeks after genes marked by specific histone marks, such as the absence of H3K4me3 and presence of H3K27me3, which indicate transcriptionally inactive chromatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used RNA sequencing coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to analyze primed microglial inflammatory gene expression and modifications to histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at the promoters of primed genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The top genes included ones related to inflammatory response. (eurekalert.org)
  • We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that hypoxia would enhance or "prime" microglial pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to a later inflammatory challenge without programmatically increasing basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the current work, transgenic mice bearing a 2.6-kb fragment of the human distal promoter fused to the SV40 large T antigen gene express large T antigen in thymocytes and in peripheral lymphoid cells, and develop tumors of both the thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs. (rupress.org)
  • In order to identify the genes that mediate epithelial development we used a tissue model of the skin derived from primary human keratinocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A suitable reference gene selection is fundamental for quantitative gene expression analysis and functional genomics studies in I. sexdentatus. (lu.se)
  • The findings were validated further using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)-based target gene expression analysis. (lu.se)
  • As a global trend, we concluded that the replicate number has a larger impact than the library size on the power of the DE analysis, except for low-expressed genes, for which both parameters seem to have the same impact. (frontiersin.org)
  • three animals from each group were then randomly sacrificed at 7 and 15 days of healing and employed for gene expression analysis. (unipr.it)
  • Anonymous Reviewer ( 2018 ) Peer Review #2 of 'Integrative machine learning analysis of multiple gene expression profiles in cervical cancer (v0.3)' . (peerj.com)
  • Wong K ( 2018 ) Peer Review #1 of 'Integrative machine learning analysis of multiple gene expression profiles in cervical cancer (v0.2)' . (peerj.com)
  • Total RNA was extracted from the hippocampus and subjected to microarray analysis (maze experimental vs. control). (umich.edu)
  • Validation analysis was similar to the results of the microarray and the expression of Trh and Tnxa increased to about 4 and 3 times, respectively. (umich.edu)
  • An experiment include 20 rawbioassays, e.g., gene expression analysis of lung cancer biopsies. (lu.se)
  • Complementary DNA microarray analysis was performed for gene expression profiling. (thejns.org)
  • Functional clustering was performed with the Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) bioinformatics package. (thejns.org)
  • The EASE analysis yielded eight functional classes of gene expression. (thejns.org)
  • Suspecting that experimental procedures used during gene expression analysis might be influencing the results, they examined how stress-related genes behaved in cells collected under different conditions. (lu.se)
  • These annotations are used as experimental factors and the user can analyze differences in gene expression between the annotation type values. (lu.se)
  • Using the bioinformatics tool MAGICTRICKS and reversible pharmacological inhibition, we found that primed genes required the transcriptional activities of NF-κB. (frontiersin.org)
  • The nature of what are considered to be appropriate baseline conditions depends on community standards and on experimental design, but frequently they target unperturbed, healthy samples from a "wild-type" genetic background, or they represent a collection of perturbed states as reference for one's own data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such a broad repertoire of expressed genes wasn't shown in any other tissue of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • An infectious retrovirus vector has been used to transfer a bacterial gene encoding resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 into pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells present in explanted murine bone marrow tissue. (nature.com)
  • Subsequent transplantation of the cells into lethally irradiated mice results in engraftment of the animals with donor haematopoietic tissue containing the bacterial gene. (nature.com)
  • We found that estrogen therapy had a profound inhibitory effect on the expressions of many immune-related genes in spinal cords. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using inferred gene co-expression for three neuronal cell types-excitatory, inhibitory, and neural progenitor-we implicate several hundred genes in risk (FDR \(\le \hspace{0.17em}\) 0.05), ~ 60% novel, with characteristics of genuine ASD genes. (springer.com)
  • Surprisingly, however, the majority of primed genes were not enriched for H3K4me3 acutely following hypoxia exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we recommend to RNA-Seq practitioners the production of a pilot data set to strictly analyze the power of their experimental design, or the use of a public data set, which should be similar to the data set they will obtain. (frontiersin.org)
  • For example, several normalization methods for Affymetrix expression arrays have been benchmarked using the Latin square spike-in data from Affymetrix [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Affymetrix microarray system was used to screen more than 12,000 genes from E2-treated double transgenic (BV8S2 and AV4) female mice protected from EAE vs. control mice with severe EAE. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Twelve commonly used reference genes in Coleopterans were screened under different experimental conditions to obtain accurate and reliable normalization of gene expression data. (lu.se)
  • Experimental Biology is an annual meeting comprised of thousands of scientists from five host societies and multiple guest societies. (eurekalert.org)
  • Chronic alcohol intake regulates expression of SARS-CoV2 infection-relevant genes in an organ-specific manner. (cdc.gov)
  • It is caused by homozygous inheritance of genes for hemoglobin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gene expression studies could be considered as one of the key experimental approaches for such purposes. (lu.se)
  • Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are environmentally widespread and persistent chemicals with multiple toxicities reported in experimental animals and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • This allows openSESAME to identify perturbations of gene expression that are due to phenotypic attributes that may not have been described in the sample annotation included in the repository. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)
  • In line with their high expression of MHCII and very limited expression of costimulatory molecules, these cells were shown to establish tolerance by inactivation of autoreactive T cells rather than inducing apoptosis in them. (wikipedia.org)
  • As previously reported, transgenic mice bearing functional proximal promoter sequence juxtaposed with the SV40 large T antigen gene invariably develop lymphoid tumors confined to the thymus. (rupress.org)
  • Hence, developmentally regulated, lineage-specific transcription of the lck gene is mediated by distinct promoter sequences that appear to be capable of functioning independently. (rupress.org)
  • Estrogen significantly affected the transcription of 315 genes, 302 of which were down-regulated and only 13 that were up-regulated by ≥2.4 fold. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dynamic and physical clustering of gene expression during epidermal barrier formation in differentiating keratinocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We systematically identified calcium-binding genes, which may operate with the epidermal calcium gradient to control keratinocyte division during skin repair. (ox.ac.uk)