IntermittentEsotropiaStrabismusTypes of exotropiaMisalignmentDeviationInfantile exotropiaConsecutive exotropiaSensoryAccommodativeCommon form of exotropiaChildren with exotropiaType of exotropiaDiplopiaOphthalmologyCongenital exotropiaManagement of ocularDivergenceRestriction or tightnessHeadachesDisordersRefractive errorOccursTumorsNeurologicCornealSymptomsChildhoodHereditaryPostoperativePrismExaminationUnderwentTraumaSurgeryLensesGlaucomaSymptomPatientsConditions
Intermittent41
- Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. (wikipedia.org)
- According to a study published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology, over 90 percent of children with intermittent exotropia become nearsighted by the time they reach 20. (wikipedia.org)
- vision therapy has shown promising results if the consecutive exotropia is intermittent, alternating, and of small magnitude. (wikipedia.org)
- The different types of acquired exotropia are intermittent exotropia, sensory exotropia, exotropia with neurologic causes and field defects, and consecutive exotropia. (medscape.com)
- This deviation may later progress to intermittent exotropia, during which the deviation may be manifest (exotropia) or latent (exophoria). (medscape.com)
- When intermittent exotropia develops in a child whose visual system is still immature, bitemporal suppression develops, and the child does not perceive 2 separate images ( diplopia ). (medscape.com)
- As suppression increases, intermittent exotropia may finally progress to constant exotropia. (medscape.com)
- Patient with intermittent exotropia at distance only. (medscape.com)
- Patient with intermittent exotropia at both distance and near. (medscape.com)
- Contrary to a previous belief, intermittent exotropia can have an early onset, with 25-40% of cases occurring before the second year of life. (medscape.com)
- Figueira EC, Hing S. Intermittent exotropia: comparison of treatments. (medscape.com)
- Largest angle to target' in surgery for intermittent exotropia. (medscape.com)
- Intermittent exotropia. (medscape.com)
- Caltrider N, Jampolsky A. Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. (medscape.com)
- Medial rectus resection(s) with adjustable suture for intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. (medscape.com)
- Current models of concomitant, intermittent strabismus, heterophoria, convergence and accommodation anomalies are either theoretically complex or incomplete. (reading.ac.uk)
- When focused on a word or object at a close distance, one eye will frequently turn outward (intermittent exotropia). (eyeclinic-karachi.com)
- Intermittent exotropia is detectable after six months of age, and is considered a progressive disorder that can lead to constant exotropia if left untreated. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Of the 59 exotropes (age range, 10 to 21 years) included in this study, 33 had basic constant exotropia (group 1) and 26, intermittent exotropia (group 2). (ozhurnal.com)
- Quantifying variability in the measurement of control in intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- Stereopsis before and after surgical treatment for constant versus intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- Beneish R, Flanders M. The role of stereopsis and early postoperative alignment in long-term results of intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- Wang L, Zhao K. Hot topics in treatment of intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- The Success of Unilateral Surgery for Constant and Intermittent Exotropia and Factors Affecting It in a Large Scandinavian Case Series. (ozhurnal.com)
- Patients with moderate or severe exophoria are more likely to develop intermittent exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
- Intermittent exotropia causes the eye to sometimes move outward, often when you're tired, sick, daydreaming, or looking in the distance. (diseasesdic.com)
- Exotropia, especially intermittent exotropia, sometimes has no known cause. (diseasesdic.com)
- Interventions for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
- Survey of current management of intermittent exotropia in the USA and Canada. (jamanetwork.com)
- An initial study of the treatment of intermittent exotropia by minus overcorrection. (jamanetwork.com)
- Overminus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
- Intervention for intermittent distance exotropia with overcorrecting minus lenses. (jamanetwork.com)
- Goodacre H. Minus overcorrection: conservative treatment of intermittent exotropia in the young child-a comparative study. (jamanetwork.com)
- Intermittent exotropia, overcorrecting minus lenses, and the Newcastle scoring system. (jamanetwork.com)
- Overcorrecting minus lens therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: should it be the first therapeutic choice? (jamanetwork.com)
- A randomized trial evaluating short-term effectiveness of overminus lenses in children 3 to 6 years of age with intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
- A randomized clinical trial of overminus spectacle therapy for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
- An office-based scale for assessing control in intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
- Improved assessment of control in intermittent exotropia using multiple measures. (jamanetwork.com)
- It is an acquired exotropia that manifests as an intermittent outward deviation of the eyes. (nvisioncenters.com)
- age 5-39 years (average 12.3), 16 children) with intermittent exotropia used a dichoptic virtual reality training program to improve eye positioning. (seevividly.com)
Esotropia8
- Consecutive exotropia arises after an initial esotropia. (wikipedia.org)
- Consecutive exotropia may however also spontaneously develop from esotropia, without surgery or botulinum toxin treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Methods Thirty-two subjects with exotropia, 30 subjects with esotropia and 38 orthotropic subjects were included. (bmj.com)
- Exotropia (also known as wall-eye or divergent strabismus) differs from its opposite form, esotropia (eye turns in toward nose), in that exotropic eyes point outward or away from the nose. (eyehealthweb.com)
- We treat binocular (two-eyed) vision disorders such as convergence insufficiency, focusing (accommodative) dysfunctions, strabismus (exotropia, esotropia) and amblyopia (lazy eye). (fvdcpc.com)
- One eye can either be intermittently or constantly turned inward (esotropia) or outward (exotropia). (nvisioncenters.com)
- Secondary exotropia occurs as a side effect of some treatments for esotropia or results from a primary sensory deficit. (nvisioncenters.com)
- Consecutive exotropia occurs following optical or surgical correction of esotropia. (nvisioncenters.com)
Strabismus11
- Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. (wikipedia.org)
- Strabismus is defined as acquired if the deviation is noticed after 6 months of age, following a presumed normal ocular alignment. (nih.gov)
- Conclusions The 3D Strabismus Photo Analyzer is a simple and reliable tool for measuring ocular deviation. (bmj.com)
- Exotropia is a common type of strabismus that occurs when misaligned eyes deviate outward. (eyehealthweb.com)
- But when there is a disruption and the muscles do not work together, some form of strabismus, including exotropia, may occur. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment), where one eye turns, or deviates, outward (away from the nose). (diseasesdic.com)
- Exotropia is sometimes called wall-eyed (however this is technically reserved for a rare form of bilateral strabismus called internuclear ophthalmoplegia). (diseasesdic.com)
- Strabismus can run in families, but just because your family member has exotropia doesn't mean you'll have it too. (diseasesdic.com)
- All types of strabismus, including exotropia, are more common in people with handicaps, including Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy and craniofacial dysostosis. (diseasesdic.com)
- Exotropia refers to a type of strabismus in which the eyes diverge, or turn outward. (nvisioncenters.com)
- When one or more of these muscles or the nerves controlling them fails to function properly, some form of strabismus, including exotropia, can occur. (nvisioncenters.com)
Types of exotropia1
- Other types of exotropia include divergence excess and convergence insufficiency. (eyehealthweb.com)
Misalignment4
- Binocular diplopia resolves with either eye being closed and indicates ocular misalignment as an underlying problem. (eyewiki.org)
- Seeing two objects instead of one ( diplopia ) with a binocular view can arise from ocular misalignment caused by lesions of the brainstem and cerebellum. (medscape.com)
- Exotropia is an ocular misalignment often accompanied by double vision, abnormal eye movement of one or both eyes, impaired vision and discomfort. (nvisioncenters.com)
- A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. (ouhsc.edu)
Deviation3
- The earliest sign of exotropia is usually a noticeable outward deviation of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
- Heterophoria is defined as an ocular deviation kept in control by a fusional mechanism. (nih.gov)
- There are individual reports on the effect of some preoperative characteristics of visual functions (like convergence, angle of deviation, presence of fusion and type of binocular vision) on the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)
Infantile exotropia3
- Infantile exotropia (sometimes called "congenital exotropia") is seen during the first year of life, and is less common than "essential exotropia" which usually becomes apparent several years later. (wikipedia.org)
- also known as infantile exotropia) or acquired. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Congenital exotropia is also called infantile exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
Consecutive exotropia1
- There are two types of secondary exotropia - sensory and consecutive exotropia. (nvisioncenters.com)
Sensory3
- Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence of poor vision in one eye. (wikipedia.org)
- A sensory motor examination consists of multiple measurements of the ocular alignment positions and may include tests of fusion and binocular (3D) vision. (optography.org)
- Sensory exotropia results from a sensory deficit or impairment that causes a unilateral decrease in vision (poor vision in one eye). (nvisioncenters.com)
Accommodative4
- AC/A Ratio- accommodative convergence / accommodative (measured in prism diopters/diopters). (retinalaser.com)
- It is caused by either uncorrected hyperopic refractive error and/or a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. (retinalaser.com)
- Patients with surgery success (postoperative orthotropes) were compared to those who had a residual exotropia of more than 10 prism diopters (PD) postoperatively in terms of the preoperative accommodative convergence-accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), distance stereopsis and near stereoacuity threshold. (ozhurnal.com)
- Headaches caused by convergence or accommodative insufficiency usually do not occur until school age and often not until third or fourth grade when the reading print becomes smaller and it takes a longer time to finish assignments. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Common form of exotropia2
- A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. (wikipedia.org)
- this is the most common form of exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
Children with exotropia2
- One study has found that children with exotropia are three times more likely to develop a psychiatric disorder in comparison with the general population. (wikipedia.org)
- Unilateral recession-resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. (medscape.com)
Type of exotropia3
- This type of exotropia can occur at any age. (diseasesdic.com)
- This type of exotropia is the result of a disease, trauma, or other health condition, particularly those that affect the brain. (diseasesdic.com)
- This is the most common type of exotropia, and it affects women more than men. (nvisioncenters.com)
Diplopia6
- People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. (wikipedia.org)
- If acquired exotropia develops in adults, the patient experiences periods of diplopia during the tropic (manifest) phase. (medscape.com)
- Diplopia and eyestrain associated with acquired exotropia can affect daily activities, such as driving and reading. (medscape.com)
- Monocular diplopia is typically due to an ocular cause and will not be discussed further here. (eyewiki.org)
- Diplopia worse with distance is more typical of sixth nerve palsy because of difficulty with divergence at distance of the eyes while diplopia worse at near is more suggestive of medial rectus palsy because of the need for convergence of the eyes at near. (eyewiki.org)
- Headaches when reading and diplopia (double vision) are signs of convergence insufficiency. (eyeclinic-karachi.com)
Ophthalmology1
- Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties: Convergence insufficiency: relationship to reading and academic performance. (uams.edu)
Congenital exotropia1
- Also known as congenital exotropia, this type begins during the first six months of life. (nvisioncenters.com)
Management of ocular1
- The purpose of this article is to establish guidelines and recommendations for ocular oncology in the management of ocular tumors set by a multidisciplinary team of experts including ocular, medical and radiation oncologists, and pathologists. (ijo.in)
Divergence2
- 8. Judge S. How is binocularity maintained during convergence and divergence? (reading.ac.uk)
- Jampolsky A. Ocular divergence mechanisms. (ozhurnal.com)
Restriction or tightness1
- Mechanical: Mechanical exotropia is caused by a restriction or tightness of the muscles controlling the eye (fibrosis of muscle tissue, thyroid myopathy) or a physical obstruction of the extraocular muscles (orbital fracture). (eyehealthweb.com)
Headaches1
- The conditions listed above can be ocular causes of headaches. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Disorders2
- Acute: Sudden onset exotropia usually in older adults with an underlying disease process such as cranial nerve problems or thyroid disorders. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Exotropia causes can include muscle imbalance, neurological issues, genetic factors, or underlying health conditions like brain disorders or trauma. (nvisioncenters.com)
Refractive error1
- It can be due to refractive error, binocular fusion abnormalities, or neuromuscular anomalies of ocular movements. (nih.gov)
Occurs1
- Convergence insufficiency usually occurs in the school-aged child who complains of a chronic headache, typically for several months. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Tumors1
- Health conditions like stroke or tumors can cause exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
Neurologic1
- or other serious ocular defects and neurologic disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Corneal1
- Ocular form of mucous membrane pemphigoid may cause corneal opacity and loss of vision. (mdwiki.org)
Symptoms5
- Convergence insufficiency symptoms can vary, and not every patient will experience every symptom. (eyeclinic-karachi.com)
- Convergence insufficiency symptoms can recur following illness, sleep deprivation, or increasing near-work demands. (eyeclinic-karachi.com)
- Because of this, it is important to watch children for symptoms of all eye conditions, including exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Symptoms of exotropia may be exacerbated by prolonged reading, desk work, and computer use. (diseasesdic.com)
- The signs and symptoms of this condition are exactly the same as convergence insufficiency. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Childhood2
- Additionally in adults who have had exotropia since childhood, the brain may adapt to using a "blind-spot", whereby it receives images from both eyes, but no full image from the deviating eye, thus avoiding double vision, and in fact, increasing peripheral vision on the side of the deviating eye. (wikipedia.org)
- In most cases, the first signs of exotropia appear during childhood. (eyehealthweb.com)
Hereditary1
- Is Exotropia hereditary? (diseasesdic.com)
Postoperative1
- Main Outcome Measures: Between-groups comparison of the postoperative ocular alignment at distance and near, and the difference between them, as well as the stereopsis. (tau.ac.il)
Prism1
- There was no history of any orthoptic treatment like occlusion, prism, or convergence exercises. (jamanetwork.com)
Examination1
- A comprehensive eye examination including an ocular motility (i.e., eye movement) evaluation and an evaluation of the internal ocular structures allows an eye doctor to accurately diagnose exotropia. (wikipedia.org)
Underwent2
- Ten (10) participants underwent training with a novel virtual reality game used to treat convergence. (seevividly.com)
- Participants were to complete 180 minutes of training over the course of 3 weeks, and were compared to eight (8) patients that underwent a similar convergence training program using non-VR anaglyph treatment. (seevividly.com)
Trauma2
- Eye injuries, head trauma, and other general health conditions can also cause exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
- Acquired exotropia comes from a disease or health condition, especially those affecting the brain or trauma. (nvisioncenters.com)
Surgery3
- To date, however, it has not been established what are the major diagnosis-related prognostic factors for the success of surgery for exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- To identify the preoperative characteristics of visual functions which have an effect on the success of surgery for exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
- Preoperative close to normal values of AC/A ratio (4.0 ± 1.65 PD/D), NPC (8.03 ± 3.02 cm), the presence of distance stereopsis and near stereopsis (passing the 200 second of arc image on the Lang II stereo card) and the absence of medial rectus hypofunction of hyperfunction can be the factors favoring the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)
Lenses2
- We suggest clinicians look carefully at details of accommodation and convergence changes induced by lenses, dissociation and prisms and use these to plan treatment in relation to the model. (reading.ac.uk)
- Regular vision tests, finding glasses to suit your face shape, having to remember to take eyeglasses with you wherever you go, prescription sunglasses, fiddly contact lenses… the list of inconveniences associated with conventional ocular solutions is extensive. (visiontherapycleveland.com)
Glaucoma1
- This includes general eye exams, advanced vision therapy services, contact lens fittings and the ability to diagnose and treat ocular disease such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, dry eye and diabetes just to name a few. (fvdcpc.com)
Symptom1
- however, it can be a symptom of an underlying ocular problem or a serious neurological problem. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
Patients1
- Exercises to strengthen the convergence may result in a lasting cure for patients with convergence insufficiency. (eyeclinic-karachi.com)
Conditions1
- Certain medications such as chloroquine, trehalose, antihistaminics, and interferons used topically for various ocular conditions with reasonably good safety records are known to have anti-viral properties. (ijo.in)