Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus . (nature.com)
We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
The competence to acquire multidrug resistance and new virulence factors makes these strains a potential threat. (frontiersin.org)
The aim of our present study was to screen P. aeruginosa strains isolated from ocular infections, for their potential to produce various phenotypic virulence factors and correlating them with biofilm formation and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. (springeropen.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a Gram-negative bacillus, commonly infects immunocompromised individuals and uses a variety of virulence factors to persist in these hosts. (bepress.com)
The posttranscriptional regulator, RsmA, plays a role in the expression of many virulence factors in P. aeruginosa . (bepress.com)
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of lethal and sub-lethal doses of blue light treatment (BLT) on virulence factors. (scienza-under-18.org)
The ability of a pathogenic bacterium to cause disease depends on the production of brokers termed virulence factors, such as toxins and adhesion molecules, which actively damage host tissues. (scienza-under-18.org)
Its metabolic versatility, intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and the production of multiple virulence (disease-causing) factors make a formidable pathogen. (scienza-under-18.org)
The virulence machinery of comprises both cell-associated determinants (such as lipopolysaccharides, pili, and flagella) and numerous secreted factors (such as elastases, proteases, exotoxins, pyocyanin (PCN), and extracellular polysaccharides). (scienza-under-18.org)
Moreover, virulence is usually augmented by secreted factors that allow the bacterium to eliminate host tissue, modulate the immune system, create biofilms and initiate the colonization process. (scienza-under-18.org)
it has a fairly broad substrate range and is thought to Pomalidomide-C2-NH2 act synergistically with other proteases.13 Finally, virulence factors include hemolysins, which lyse red blood cells and release free iron from heme, allowing the bacteria to grow rapidly and leading to greater colonization of the host tissue. (scienza-under-18.org)
produces 2 elements with hemolytic properties: heat-resistant glycolipids and heat-labile phospholipase C.14,15 The severity and increasing incidence of infections involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) have driven research strategies targeting virulence factors that lead to both bacterial eradication and the reduction of bacterial virulence. (scienza-under-18.org)
First, the bacterium does not bear classic virulence factors, such as capsules, secreted proteases, exotoxins, endotoxins, pili and/or fimbriae or virulenceplasmids, and its lipopolysaccharide pathogenicity is not typical. (mgc.ac.cn)
Virulence mechanisms underlying persistence and disease remain poorly understood in part because the factors underlying disease risk are multifactorial and complex. (biotech2012.org)
Monitoring the pro-inflammatory capability of bacterial virulence factors in vivo is challenging and usually requires invasive methods. (biomedcentral.com)
More interesting, the strains differ also for the presence in supernatants of metalloproteases, a family of virulence factors with known pro-inflammatory activity. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo imaging indicated that VR1 strain, releasing in its culture supernatant metalloproteases and other virulence factors, induced lung inflammation while the VR2 strain presented with a severely reduced pro-inflammatory activity. (biomedcentral.com)
It appears to be an appropriate molecular read-out for monitoring the activation of inflammatory pathways caused by bacterial virulence factors. (biomedcentral.com)
During the early onset of the lung infection, P. aeruginosa secretes a high number of virulence factors which are responsible for tissue damage and inflammation [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time, comprehensive analyses of B. cereus EV proteins revealed virulence-associated factors, such as sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and the three-component enterotoxin Nhe. (vetmeduni.ac.at)
A pathogen's virulence factors are encoded by genes that can be identified using molecular Koch's postulates. (pressbooks.pub)
In this section, we examine various types and specific examples of virulence factors and how they contribute to each step of pathogenesis. (pressbooks.pub)
Toxins combined with harmful substances are determinant factors in the high virulence of P. aeruginosa in a variety of different hosts. (cornell.edu)
Extracellular virulence factors in Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis: methods and implication of involvement of hemolysin BL. (wisc.edu)
Exotoxins or enzymes likely contribute to the severity of the infection, but specific virulence factors have not been identified. (wisc.edu)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several virulence factors, but their roles in pathogenesis are unclear. (tdmuv.com)
The activated aluminosilicate has been shown to bind to alpha and NetB exotoxins, important virulence factors produced by the Clostridum perfringens pathogen. (orffa.com)
Comprehensive epidemiological data on has identified several unique clades, each characterized by unique disease pathology and virulence factors. (koeki-data.org)
Both alpha- and delta-toxin are well-characterized staphylococcal virulence factors, mediating a variety of pathological effects, including hemolytic activity, dermonecrosis, inflammasome activation, abscess formation, leukocyte oxidative burst, and reduced macrophage phagocytic killing (10,C14). (koeki-data.org)
A cluster of virulence genes encoded on a pathogenicity island is responsible for the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes . (pressbooks.pub)
Aeruginosa9
The effects of exotoxin A (EXA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) were studied in a mouse model and in vitro. (nih.gov)
Virulence in P. aeruginosa is combinatorial, and results from the activation of several genetic programs that regulate motility, attachment to the host epithelium as well as the synthesis of exotoxins. (nih.gov)
Our aim was to characterize the virulence determinants of MDR P. aeruginosa causing ocular infections. (springeropen.com)
Mohammadzadeh A, Mardaneh J, Ahmadi R, Adabi J. Evaluation of the Virulence Features and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Gonabad, Iran. (brieflands.com)
The aim of the present study was to examine the antibiotic resistance patterns and presence of nan1 and int1 virulence genes (encoding neuraminidase and class 1 integrons, respectively) in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and to analyze the measured values with regard to hospital wards, specimens, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. (brieflands.com)
A major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa is the type III secretion system (T3SS) that is responsible of secretion effector toxins.13 These toxins are ExotoxinS (ExoS), ExoT, ExoU and ExoY which play an important roles in the pathogenesis of the bacteria.13b T3SS is a needle-like complex structure and has five groups of proteins, which are the needle complex, the translocation apparatus, regulator proteins, chaperons and effector toxins. (bestpfe.com)
P. aeruginosa can produce a large variety of extracellular toxins, including exotoxin A and enterotoxins. (cornell.edu)
Genes10
Group A strep- or carrying (positive) specifi c genes were used as controls tococci (GAS)-specifi c phage-associated virulence deter- in the PCR. (cdc.gov)
Virulence genotype analysis revealed that strain CR1 lacked hemolytic phospholipase C and D, three genes for LPS biosynthesis and had reduced antibiotic resistance genes when compared with clinical strains. (frontiersin.org)
2008. Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes. (mgc.ac.cn)
As the infection progresses, the bacterium switches off most of the virulence genes but synthesizes a biofilm matrix and becomes resistant to antibiotics causing a chronic disease frequently leading to respiratory failure and lung transplantation or death [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To detect and quantify antibiotic resistant and virulence genes present in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from wounds and burns patients. (scialert.net)
The quantification of PCR products indicated that sea genes (virulence enterotoxin factor) were detected from the antibiotic resistant staphylococci ranging from 0-13551.84 nmoles while, the quantification of mec A genes detected ranged from 0-2601.76 nmoles. (scialert.net)
This study detected the presence of antibiotic resistant and virulence genes associated with MRSA in MSSA, which calls for urgent clinical and pharmaceutical attention. (scialert.net)
Previous studies were critical on Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) which has posed a serious therapeutic challenge and multidrug resistance among hospitalized individuals with the detection of mec A genes and other virulence genes 3 , 4 . (scialert.net)
The system is the product of the RNAII transcript, consisting of an operon composed of four genes ((repressor of toxin), thereby increasing exotoxin secretion (9). (koeki-data.org)
The Listeria 471 -- Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes Infection / Walter F. Schlech III 473 -- Immune and Inflammatory Responses to Listeria monocytogenes Infection / Alyce Finelli, Eric G. Pamer 480 -- Genetic Tools for Use with Listeria monocytogenes / Nancy E. Freitag 488 -- Regulation of Virulence Genes in Pathogenic Listeria spp. (epa.gov)
Pseudomonas1
The present study examined the ability of the tumor cell surface receptor, interleukin (IL)‑13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2)‑ and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑targeted pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) to sensitize TRAIL‑resistant GBM cells and assessed the dual effects of interleukin 13‑PE (IL13‑PE) or EGFR nanobody‑PE (ENb‑PE) and TRAIL for the treatment of a broad range of brain tumors with a distinct TRAIL therapeutic response. (spandidos-publications.com)
Heatmap and PCoA analysis confirmed this unique virulence profile associated with MDR-PA strains. (springeropen.com)
Comparative analyses of the exoproteomes of two C. pseudotuberculosis strains, in addition to comparison with other experimentally determined corynebacterial exoproteomes, were helpful to gain novel insights into the contribution of the exported proteins in the virulence of this bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
An alginate is antiphagocytic, and most strains isolated produce toxin A, a diphtheria-toxin-like exotoxin. (tdmuv.com)
All strains have endotoxin, which is a major virulence factor in bacteremia and septic shock. (tdmuv.com)
Toxins2
It was originally studied as two separate toxins, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B and streptococcal cysteine proteinase, until it was shown that both proteins were encoded by the speB gene and that the attributed pyrogenic activities were due to contamination by SpeA and SpeC. (wikipedia.org)
SpeB is known as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B, streptopain and streptococcal cysteine proteinase as a result of its original misidentification as two separate toxins, and is neither an exotoxin nor pyrogenic. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterium3
This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
Another significant factor contributing to the virulence of is usually PCN (1-hydroxy-5-methylphenazine), a cytotoxic pigment secreted by the bacterium. (scienza-under-18.org)
Collectively, these results define alpha-toxin as an essential virulence determinant during IAI and describe a novel mechanism by which a human-pathogenic fungus can augment the virulence of a highly pathogenic bacterium and the ubiquitous bacterial pathogen methicillin-resistant (MRSA) remain serious clinical threats (1, 2). (koeki-data.org)
Toxin5
Exotoxin A is a so-called AB toxin , where the active part (A) is a ADP-ribosyltransferase, which modify EF2 (elongation factor 2) of the host cell, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. (vetbact.org)
Together with capsular polysaccharides and mural lipopolysaccharides the extent of the virulence of the serovars is mainly determined by four different proteinaceous cytotoxins ApxI ApxII ApxIII and ApxIV which belong to the pore-forming repeat-in-toxin (RTX) toxin family (5). (biosemiotics2013.org)
Once the antibody binds to the exotoxin, the toxin can no longer bind to the receptors on the host cell membrane. (food-safety-issue.com)
Analyses by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and toxin functional assays confirmed enhanced dependent, and genetic knockout and Tretinoin complementation of recognized alpha-toxin as the key staphylococcal virulence factor driving lethal synergism. (koeki-data.org)
Toxin production by is crucial for systemic disease, as high titers of antibody to staphylococcal exotoxins (including alpha-toxin) directly correlates with improved survival rates during clinical sepsis (15). (koeki-data.org)
Proteins2
Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
In fact, one might expect that the majority of the virulence determinants of C. pseudotuberculosis would be present in the exoproteome, i.e . the entire set of bacterial proteins found in the extracellular milieu [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Secretion1
Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of virulence factor secretion and delivery to target cells is poorly understood.Here, we investigate the production and characterization of enterotoxin-associated EVs from the enteropathogenic B. cereus strain NVH0075-95 by using a proteomics approach and studied their interaction with human host cells in vitro. (vetmeduni.ac.at)
This is due to the unique virulence factor s produced by individual pathogens, which determine the extent and severity of disease they may cause. (pressbooks.pub)
Pyrogenic exotoxins4
Results were consistent in 2 or 3 PCRs that in- minants encoding pyrogenic exotoxins or superantigens cluded these controls. (cdc.gov)
All superantigenic streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins contain two major conserved protein domains that are linked by an α-helix, which consist of an amino-terminal oligosoccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold and a carboxy-terminal β-grasp domain, as well as dodecapeptide binding region. (wikipedia.org)
Protein3
VacA functions as an intracellular-acting protein exotoxin. (biotech2012.org)
VacA redesigning of the gastric environment appears to be fine-tuned through the action of the Type IV effector protein CagA which in part limits the cytotoxic effects of VacA in cells colonized by and VacA Virulence mechanisms underlying infections (Fischer et al. (biotech2012.org)
Exotoxins can be single polypeptides or heteromeric protein complexes that act on different parts of the cells. (food-safety-issue.com)
Lipopolysaccharides1
To achieve this aim different serological tests have been developed to detect antibodies against (20) those targeting ApxI ApxII or ApxIII for the detection of specific antibodies to Apx exotoxins (21) those targeting capsular polysaccharides of to identify antibodies against groups of its serovars (22) and serovar-specific ELISAs based on long-chain lipopolysaccharides (23) have been widely used and offer better 17 alpha-propionate sensitivities and specificities than the CFT. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Antibodies to somatic antigens and exotoxins also contribute to recovery. (tdmuv.com)
Pathogens1
However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood and a possible role for prophages in driving virulence of coral pathogens, as is the case for V. cholerae , has not yet been considered. (nature.com)
Biofilm formation1
The isolates were identified by Vitek-2 and characterized based on growth kinetics, biofilm formation, motility, pyoverdine and pyocyanin production, phospholipase and catalase activity, urease production along with expression of exotoxins (exo-A, exo-U and exo-S) and correlated to its antibiotic profiles. (springeropen.com)
Produces1
The organism is transmitted via airborne route and can cause respiratory obstruction and heart failure because of the exotoxin it produces. (bvsalud.org)
Cereus2
We tested pure hemolysin BL (HBL), a tripartite dermonecrotic vascular permeability factor of B. cereus, and crude exotoxin (CET) preparations, consisting of concentrated, cell-free B. cereus culture supernatant. (wisc.edu)
The results suggest that B. cereus ocular virulence is multifactorial and that HBL contributes to virulence. (wisc.edu)
Factor1
Thus, this work provides evidence-based proof of the susceptibility of drug-resistant to BLT-mediated killing, accompanied by virulence factor reduction, and describes the synergy between antibiotics and sub-lethal BLT. (scienza-under-18.org)
Phospholipase1
Interestingly, staphylococcal exotoxins have been implicated in the activation of phospholipase A2 and subsequent prostaglandin release (22, 23). (koeki-data.org)
SpeA1
Bacteriophage T12 infection of S. pyogenes enables the production of speA, and increases virulence. (wikipedia.org)
Pathology1
Each exotoxin possesses a unique mechanism of action, which is responsible for the elicitation of a unique pathology. (food-safety-issue.com)
Inhibition1
Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
Genome2
Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of V. coralliilyticus to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)
We identified eight new regions of genomic plasticity and a plasmid pCR1 with a VirB/D4 complex followed by trimeric auto-transporter that can induce virulencephenotype in the genome of strain CR1. (frontiersin.org)
Survival1
Its virulence depends on survival and replication properites in different cell types in which brucella controls the maturation of its vacuole to avoid innate immune responses and to reach its replicative niche associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. (mgc.ac.cn)