Exogenous green fluorescent proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Up to now many factors, endogenous and exogenous, have been described that are involved in the regulation of its function [1]. (mitophysiology.org)
This review discusses the current controversy about the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells have in cardiac homeostasis and myocardial regeneration following injury. (johnshopkins.edu)
The presence of endogenous and exogenous binding competitors, such as certain drugs, also decreases the binding affinity of albumin for bilirubin. (medscape.com)

Overexpression of PKCgamma-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) increased the interaction of PKCgamma-EGFP with Cav-1 and Cx43 and decreased gap junction Cx43 plaques without exogenous growth factors. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we used a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven DNA template approach to induce short hairpin RNA (shRNA) triggered RNAi to block exogenous Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) and endogenous No Tail (NTL) gene expressions. (onacademic.com)
The shGFP-generating plasmid significantly inhibited the EGFP expression viewed under fluorescent microscope and reduced by 70.05 +/- 1.26% of exogenous EGFP gene mRNA levels compared with controls by Q-PCR. (onacademic.com)
Mice are intracranially injected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under a neuronal specific promoter. (umassmed.edu)
To quantitatively and qualitatively characterize uptake, we created a biologically relevant system using the Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 and the melanoma protein gp100, each fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and expressed at the outer plasma membrane of a tumor cell line, along with a cell line expressing EGFP in the cytoplasm. (pitt.edu)

Therefore, fusing the GFP gene to the gene of a protein of interest can significantly increase the protein's size and molecular mass, and can impair the protein's natural function or change its location or trajectory of transport within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
These data proved the feasibility of the CMV promoter-driven shRNA expression technique to be used to inhibit exogenous and endogenous gene expressions in zebrafish in vivo. (onacademic.com)
In an Italian family, a heterozygous pathogenic missense variant has been previously discovered in Exon 6 of the gene TARDBP encoding the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 protein. (unicatt.it)
Electroporation is an increasingly common technique used for exogenous gene expression in live animals, but protocols are largely limited to traditional laboratory organisms. (stanford.edu)
We characterize early patterning during de novo development of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem using fluorescent reporters of known gene and protein activities required for shoot meristem development and maintenance. (biologists.com)
Cells with an apparent absence of green fluorescence indicated gene silencing. (kinasepathway.com)
Subsequently, we demonstrate that a single Cas9n-induced single-strand break can stimulate the insertion of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 ( NRAMP1 ) gene with reduced, but still considerable, off-target effects. (biomedcentral.com)
After a systematic selection of target sites and transgenic colonies, we successfully obtained nine exogenous natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 ( NRAMP1 ) gene-inserted cows through the Cas9n strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
Housekeeping genes in the FSCN1 - ACTB (F-A) locus (Fig. 1a ) have relatively steady expression levels across various tissues and thus exogenous gene silencing resulting from chromatin inactivation might be avoided. (biomedcentral.com)
To elucidate the expression profile of GATA-2, we prepared transgenic mouse lines containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene driven by GATA-2 gene regulatory elements. (elsevierpure.com)
Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are easy to isolate and amplify in vitro, and easy for transferring and expressing of exogenous gene. (ox.ac.uk)
To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)

In vitro assays confirm that both drugs inhibit the human protein TMPRSS2, a SARS-Cov-2 spike protein activator. (rsc.org)
In vitro analysis revealed that a putative switch-protein kinase regulator, RsbW, is capable of interacting directly with σ 66 , as well as phosphorylating its own antagonist, RsbV1, rendering it inactive. (plos.org)
Next, we injected in vitro synthesized mRNA encoding green fluorescent proteins (GFP) and noticed its expression in every effectively injected embryos (embryos are amenable to microinjection. (careersfromscience.org)

A ) Pools of homology repair template plasmids containing different protein tags were co-injected with a plasmid encoding an sgRNA targeting the N-terminus of the target coding sequence into embryos expressing transgenic Cas9. (elifesciences.org)
After electroporation of a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found strong GFP fluorescence within brain and muscle cells that increased with the amount of DNA injected and electrical pulse number. (stanford.edu)
Range pubs are 100?m To research whether exogenous DNA constructs could be introduced and portrayed in plasmid with or without Minos transposase mRNA led to detectable expression of GFP in 5C10% from the injected embryos (Supplementary Fig.?2c). (careersfromscience.org)

Remarkably, the GFP molecule folded and was fluorescent at room temperature, without the need for exogenous cofactors specific to the jellyfish. (wikipedia.org)
Optical indicators provide a powerful means to reveal such distributed activity, particularly when protein-based and encodable in DNA: encodable probes can be introduced into cells, tissues, or transgenic organisms by genetic manipulation, selectively expressed in anatomically or functionally defined groups of cells, and, ideally, recorded in situ, without a requirement for exogenous cofactors. (nih.gov)

Direct fluorescence labeling of EVs has been widely used to investigate in vivo behavior of exogenous EVs. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers in the lab of Roger Tsien , who received the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in the development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label tissue, have now come up with a new marker, called infrared-fluorescent protein (IFP), specifically designed for in vivo studies of whole animals. (the-scientist.com)
The in vivo observation indicates that the representative iRFP713 could serve as a fluorescent probe for long-duration NIR-II imaging. (springernature.com)
To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)
We demonstrated that 13 weeks post-injection, the overexpression of WT and S87A α-syn induced protein aggregation, dystrophic fiber formation, and a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in vivo . (jneurosci.org)

Here we survey advancement of a transgenesis way for genome, including genome-wide mapping of transcription begin regions, and present its tool by producing multiple steady transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under many tissue-specific promoters. (careersfromscience.org)
Here the authors use infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFPs) as NIR-II probes for prolonged continuous imaging in mice, and generate a transgenic mouse model which they use to image liver and pancreas. (springernature.com)

TNF‑α significantly promoted TF and PAI‑1 expression either at the mRNA or protein level in AECII cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

We have developed pH-sensitive mutants of green fluorescent protein ('pHluorins') by structure-directed combinatorial mutagenesis, with the aim of exploiting the acidic pH inside secretory vesicles to monitor vesicle exocytosis and recycling. (nih.gov)
They subjected this molecule to several rounds of mutagenesis to engineer a protein that fluoresced at 710nm, just outside the visible spectrum. (the-scientist.com)

Main outcome measure: Expression of green fluorescent protein was identified by inverted fluorescent microscope. (ox.ac.uk)
Twenty-four hours later, expression of green fluorescent protein was measured with an inverted fluorescent microscope. (ox.ac.uk)

Fluorophores for STORM and SMLM include synthetic dyes, fluorescent proteins (FPs), and even Quantum Dots (QDots). (microscopyu.com)
However, optical imaging is limited to exogenous EVs and fluorescent dyes persist in tissues even after the EVs are degraded. (biomedcentral.com)

Cardarelli, F. Back to the future: genetically encoded fluorescent proteins as inert tracers of the intracellular environment. (springernature.com)
Exogenous fluorescent tracers aren't only standard equipment in biomedical assays, but will also be increasingly employed to supply high res real-time assistance during interventions e clinically.g. for pores and skin IACS-8968 S-enantiomer cancers 18. (arqueologiamendoza.com)
Predicated on these resources, we reasoned fluorescent tracers could possibly be utilized to track non-GMO sporozoites IACS-8968 S-enantiomer in human pores and skin also. (arqueologiamendoza.com)

C57BL/KaLwRij mice were implanted subcutaneously with unilateral murine green fluorescent protein-expressing 5TGM1 tumors and divided into 3 independent groups: untreated, treated beginning week 2 after tumor implantation, and treated beginning week 3 after tumor implantation. (snmjournals.org)
In rodents, genetically manufactured murine parasites expressing reporter proteins such as for example green fluorescent proteins (GFP) or luciferase offered unprecedented understanding into host-to-host parasite transmitting and following migratory behavior of sporozoites from pores and skin to liver organ. (arqueologiamendoza.com)

Nowadays the most used NIR-II fluorophores are exogenous, suffering from serious limitations, such as non-renewable in living systems, proliferation-related signal dissipation, rapid elimination from the body, and low-biocompatibility 3 . (springernature.com)

This conversion is promoted by the double inhibition (i.e., 2i) of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Map2k), antagonizing Fgf signaling, and of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3), stimulating the Wnt pathway. (bioone.org)
This study provides evidence that a switch-protein kinase regulatory network controls availability of σ 66 , the main sigma subunit for transcription in Chlamydia . (plos.org)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. (wikipedia.org)
Although this near-wtGFP was fluorescent, it had several drawbacks, including dual peaked excitation spectra, pH sensitivity, chloride sensitivity, poor fluorescence quantum yield, poor photostability and poor folding at 37 °C (99 °F). The first reported crystal structure of a GFP was that of the S65T mutant by the Remington group in Science in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter imaging using fluorescence or bioluminescence combined with transmembrane proteins could provide information more specific to EVs than direct dye labeling. (biomedcentral.com)

They used the molecule, derived from a mutated bacterial protein, to visualize the livers of living mice. (the-scientist.com)
They then fused the IFP protein to an adenoviral vector and injected the construct into the tail vein of mice to deliver it to the liver. (the-scientist.com)
Giving an injection of exogenous biliverdin enabled the researchers to boost the signal fivefold and view whole livers through the shaved skin of the mice. (the-scientist.com)
We use infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFPs) as NIR-II probes for prolonged continuous liver and pancreas imaging in mice. (springernature.com)
and 4) Expression of a protein from a particular species, such as mice, in an orthologous organism such as humans. (genecopoeia.com)

In addition, we established that silencing the mutated allele was able to strongly reduce the pathological cellular phenotypes induced by TAR DNA-binding protein 43(G376D) expression, such as the presence of cytoplasmic aggregates. (unicatt.it)

We identify the main binding sites of a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) protein in bovine fetal fibroblast cells (BFFs) with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). (biomedcentral.com)

Exogenous IL1β stimulated the proliferation and reactivity of microglia in the absence of damage, reduced numbers of dying cells in damaged retinas, and increased neuronal survival following an insult. (biomedcentral.com)

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate how to longitudinally visualize the expression and localization of a protein of interest within specific cell types of an animal's brain, upon exposure to exogenous stimuli. (umassmed.edu)
We hypothesized that the DCs ability to capture, internalize, and process integral membrane proteins would vary based on the target cell's viability and that the DCs ability to capture cell-associated protein would vary based on the protein's intracellular localization. (pitt.edu)

In addition, transgenes inserted in order to be expressed from either the native PPP1R12C or an exogenous promoter displayed consistent levels of expression over many cell divisions. (genecopoeia.com)

For that, a GFP-like β-barrel, containing the G2 domain of the human nidogen, has been rationally engineered to obtain a biologically neutral protein that self-assembles as 10nm-nanoparticles. (uab.cat)
Statement of significance: Targeted nanomedicine seeks for humanized and biologically neutral protein carriers as alternative of widely used but immunogenic exogenous protein scaffolds such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). (uab.cat)
Endogenous fluorescent proteins (FPs), a kind of biologically rather than chemically synthesized probes, can avoid many of the aforementioned deficiencies. (springernature.com)

The influx of monocytes/macrophages suggests an unfavorable micro-environment for exogenous stem cell survival, confirmed by the absence of human cells detected five days post injection. (ecu.edu)
Using exogenous stem cells to replace lost inner ear neurons is a potential strategy if stem cell-derived neurons can form central and peripheral connections, form synapses on hair cells and cochlear nucleus neurons, and re-establish functional and tonotopic circuits [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Results were evaluated by phenotype observation and real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). (onacademic.com)
Furthermore, Exogenous application of IAA failed to rescue the late-bolting and -flowering phenotype of lsarf3 mutants. (frontiersin.org)

MeWo cell is human melanoma cell and the morphology is fibroblast, therefore, it can express the MMP1 protein. (kinasepathway.com)

Frederick Tsuji's lab independently reported the expression of the recombinant protein one month later. (wikipedia.org)
Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression and their interactions. (nih.gov)
A. We designed a small interfering RNA that was able to diminish specifically the expression of the exogenous Green Fluorescent Protein (TAR DNA-binding protein 43(G376D) mutant protein) in HEK-293T cells but not that of the Green Fluorescent Protein (TAR DNA-binding protein 43 wild-type). (unicatt.it)
Pulmonary inflammation can damage pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and type-II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII), which further increases the expression of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in these cells, thus activating the exogenous coagulation system. (spandidos-publications.com)
Membranes probed for hMMP1 were re-probed for GAPDH to normalize for loading and/or quantification errors and to allow comparisons of target protein expression tuclazepam or inhabitation to be made. (kinasepathway.com)
Exogenous expression of GATA-2 in TG-GFP + /CD45 - cells from the AGM region inhibited their differentiation into CD45 + cells. (elsevierpure.com)
IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, interferon-g, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-alpha), macrophage/monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and epidermal growth factor to elucidate the cytokine expression pattern according to the patients' responses to lamivudine. (jakenzyme.com)

When linked to a vesicle membrane protein, pHluorins were sorted to secretory and synaptic vesicles and reported transmission at individual synaptic boutons, as well as secretion and fusion pore 'flicker' of single secretory granules. (nih.gov)
and (5) internalized membrane protein from both live and apoptotic cells was found in early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. (pitt.edu)

This has been demonstrated in T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU, a humanized CXCR4-targeted protein nanoconjugate able to selectively deliver its genotoxic load into cancer cells. (uab.cat)
This study aimed to add to the field of DC biology by further describing how DCs handle cell-associated proteins from both live and apoptotic cells. (pitt.edu)
Genetic materials or proteins conveyed by EVs functionally change the recipient cells [ 13 ], and therefore visualization and tracking of EVs currently receive great attention as a way to reveal their physiology. (biomedcentral.com)

Most commercially available genes for GFP and similar fluorescent proteins are around 730 base-pairs long. (wikipedia.org)

In brief, protein concentration was determined with Bradford assay (Bio-Rad) with selleck bovine serum albumin as a standard (Sigma). (kinasepathway.com)

Here, we report the use of infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFPs) as NIR-II probes to fulfill deeper and prolonged continuous imaging. (springernature.com)
Jensen, E. C. Use of fluorescent probes: their effect on cell biology and limitations. (springernature.com)

Finally, we demonstrate that REST protein, which is normally localized in the nuclei of migrating FBMNs, is depleted from the nuclei of Pk1b-deficient neurons. (jakenzyme.com)

Therefore, the newly developed GFP-like protein scaffold appears as an ideal candidate for the development of humanized protein nanomaterials and successfully supports the tumor-targeted nanoscale drug T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU. (uab.cat)

Plant DCL4 is involved in the biogenesis of either functional endogenous or exogenous (i.e. viral) short interfering (si)RNAs, thus playing crucial antiviral roles. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report a human nidogen-derived protein (HSNBT), rationally designed to mimic the structural and functional properties of GFP as a scaffold for nanomedicine. (uab.cat)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a widely used scaffold for protein-based targeted nanomedicines because of its high biocompatibility, biological neutrality and outstanding structural stability. (uab.cat)

In plants, RNase III Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) act as sensors of dsRNAs and process them into short 21- to 24-nucleotide (nt) (s)RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

Zelda and Bicoid fusion proteins were generated by inserting fluorescent proteins at the endogenous locus. (elifesciences.org)
To avoid potential problems associated with endogenous tagging of a multicopy locus, histone fusions were supplied as exogenous transgenes. (elifesciences.org)

FMN Content of Wild-type and Mutant pfDHODH The stochiometry of FMN to protein in the purified protein preparations was identified. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Furthermore, the S87A mutant, which was designed to block phosphorylation, exhibited a similar structure and similar membrane binding and aggregation properties as the wild-type (WT) protein. (jneurosci.org)

Mitochondrial retention capacity for calcium (CRC) was evaluated using fluorescent membrane impermeable Ca-green by which we may follow Ca movements across the mitochodndrial membrane (fluorometer AMINCO-Bowman). (mitophysiology.org)

Thus, we have identified a small interfering RNA that could be used to silence specifically the mutated allele to try a targeted therapy for patients carrying the p.G376D TAR DNA-binding protein 43 mutation. (unicatt.it)

We have therefore tested the DCL4 functionality in processing exogenous dsRNA-like substrates, such as a replicase-assisted viral replicon defective-interfering RNA and RNA hairpin substrates, or endogenous antisense transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) are RNase III, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific endonucleases with specialized functions in producing short (s)RNAs of 21- to 24-nucleotides (nt), including micro (mi)RNAs and short interfering (si)RNAs of endogenous or viral origin. (biomedcentral.com)
10-13 TMPRSS2 contains an extracellular trypsin-like serine-protease domain that can proteolytically activate the spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles 14 ( Fig. 1 ). (rsc.org)

Scientists Roger Y. Tsien, Osamu Shimomura, and Martin Chalfie were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 10 October 2008 for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein. (wikipedia.org)
However, being immunogenicity a major concern in the development of drug carriers, the use of exogenous proteins such as GFP in clinics might be inadequate. (uab.cat)
A model is proposed where the relative levels of active antagonist (RsbV1) and switch-protein anti-sigma factor (RsbW) control the availability of σ 66 and subsequently act as a molecular 'throttle' for Chlamydia growth and development. (plos.org)

The specific properties of microtubules are dependent on distinct microtubule-associated proteins, as the tubulin subunits and microtubule structure are exceptionally conserved. (jakenzyme.com)

This work reports for the first time the rational engineering of a human homolog of the GFP based in the human nidogen (named HSNBT) that shows full potential to be used in humanized protein-based targeted nanomedicines. (uab.cat)

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