Excitatory dendrites. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we show that single presynaptic axons form multiple, spatially clustered inputs onto the distal, but not proximal, dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
A basal dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the base of a pyramidal cell that receives information from nearby neurons and passes it to the soma, or cell body. (wikipedia.org)
Due to their direct attachment to the cell body itself, basal dendrites are able to deliver strong depolarizing currents and therefore have a strong effect on action potential output in neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Basal dendrites are part of the more overarching dendritic tree present on pyramidal neurons. (wikipedia.org)
To make a direct and principled connection between the SI waveform and underlying neural dynamics, we developed a biophysically realistic computational SI model that contained excitatory and inhibitory neurons in supragranular and infragranular layers. (jneurosci.org)
The SI evoked response was successfully reproduced from the intracellular currents in pyramidal neurons driven by a sequence of lamina-specific excitatory input, consisting of output from the granular layer (∼25 ms), exogenous input to the supragranular layers (∼70 ms), and a second wave of granular output (∼135 ms). The model also predicted that SI correlates of perception reflect stronger and shorter-latency supragranular and late granular drive during perceived trials. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, firing a burst instead of a single spike would more than double the probability of firing in postsynaptic excitatory neurons and in SOM, but not FS, interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
We report that bursts enhanced the responses of excitatory neurons and of inhibitory interneurons that preferentially target dendrites. (jneurosci.org)
The Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb (1949 ) is credited with inventing the concept, which was based on appealing - but speculative - ideas of how excitatory neurons ought to be synaptically interconnected, ought to have their interconnections modified, and ought to function together. (degruyter.com)
Despite the widespread dendritic degeneration and membrane alterations in mutant mouse neurons, surprisingly little, or no change was detected in steady-state and 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage transfers, current transfers, and local and propagation delays of PSPs traveling along dendrites of TG neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Here, they are processed via branched structures, known as dendrites, and are sent selectively to neighboring neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
Dendrites are the long projections on neurons that seem to reach out to form synapses with other neurons. (bipolarnews.org)
Dendrites, the branched projections of neurons where electrical signals are passed from one cell to the next, are covered in hundreds to thousands of spines that facilitate the synaptic connections with other neurons. (bipolarnews.org)
Confocal microscopy revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons express βAR248. (frontiersin.org)
Conversely, far from the soma the targets were mostly other excitatory neurons, about half of these being other HVC (RA) cells. (elifesciences.org)
Gordon U, Polsky A, Schiller J (2006) Plasticity compartments in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Larkum ME, Nevian T, Sandler M, Polsky A, Schiller J (2009) Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a new unifying principle. (yale.edu)
Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons (Larkum et al. (yale.edu)
Losonczy A, Magee JC (2006) Integrative properties of radial oblique dendrites in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Major G, Polsky A, Denk W, Schiller J, Tank DW (2008) Spatiotemporally graded NMDA spike/plateau potentials in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Schiller J, Major G, Koester HJ, Schiller Y (2000) NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Electrical activity recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp or surface of the brain mostly reflects summation of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the more superficial layers of the cortex. (bmj.com)
and the large and prolonged Ca 2 + spike at the apical dendrite of L5 cortical pyramidal neurons ( M E Larkum, Zhu, and Sakmann 1999 ). (biorxiv.org)
In most cases, stronger connections in looped L5 neurons were located on their apical tufts, but not on their perisomatic dendrites. (elifesciences.org)
Our results reveal that CC connections are selectively wired to form monosynaptic excitatory loops and support a differential role of supragranular and infragranular neurons in hierarchical recurrent computations. (elifesciences.org)
One possibility is that CC inputs specifically modulate neurons projecting back to the source of those inputs (looped neurons) indirectly via intermediary inhibitory or excitatory cells in the local circuit. (elifesciences.org)
Another possibility, not mutually exclusive to the previous one, is that CC projections selectively synapse onto looped neurons directly to form interareal monosynaptic loops, which would be excitatory since most long-range cortical afferents are glutamatergic. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, long-range CC projections could selectively participate in excitatory monosynaptic loops by preferentially contacting looped IT neurons, while avoiding neighboring non-looped IT, PT, and CT neurons. (elifesciences.org)
These findings suggest that the functional specificity and structural arrangement of synaptic inputs, distributed or forming micro-clusters in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons, are fundamental for guiding the rules for sensory perception, affecting the STDP learning rule, learning and memory, and ultimately cognition. (bruker.com)
Glomeruli are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells , which in turn output to the olfactory cortex . (wikidoc.org)
Consistent with a role for densin in increasing the number of postsynaptic Ca_v1.2 channels, overexpression of densin increases the clustering of Ca_v1.2 in dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. (caltech.edu)
They inhibit and thus fine-tune and sculpt the activity of excitatory neurons. (illinois.edu)
This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)
Mouse models of fragile X syndrome exhibit a higher density of dendritic spines in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. (sfari.org)
Gobel's studies with the electron microscope traced the axons and dendrites of the trigeminal system and the spinal cord, identifying those neurons which projected to the brain, and mapping the network of local 'interneurons' within the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
Some of these were 'excitatory' interneurons, which appeared to act as synaptic relay stations, between the nerves sending information from the skin and internal organs, and the neurons carrying information to the brain. (nih.gov)
neither does it changes dendrites morphology of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic spines are the first struc-tures to protrude out from the dendrite to reach out to other neurons and establish a new connection. (aalto.fi)
Here, we used bicuculline treatment to activate excitatory neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices. (aalto.fi)
The dendrites of individual cortical neurons overlap with numerous types of local and long-range excitatory axons, but axodendritic overlap is not always a good predictor of actual connection strength. (janelia.org)
We expressed ChR2 in two thalamic nuclei, the whisker motor cortex and local excitatory neurons and mapped their synapses with pyramidal neurons in layers 3, 5A and 5B (L3, L5A and L5B) in the mouse barrel cortex. (janelia.org)
Input to L3 and L5 dendrites in L1 was related to whisker movement and position, suggesting that these signals have a role in controlling the gain of their target neurons. (janelia.org)
EKAR reported ERK activation in the dendrites and nucleus of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slices after theta-burst stimuli or trains of back-propagating action potentials. (janelia.org)
In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
A neuron can simultaneously receive many impulses-excitatory and inhibitory-from other neurons and integrate simultaneous impulses into various patterns of firing. (msdmanuals.com)

1 . Bloss EB, Cembrowski MS, Karsh B, Colonell J, Fetter RD, Spruston N (2018) Single excitatory axons form clustered synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. (yale.edu)
Excitatory synapses in the brain, which use glutamate as the primary neurotransmitter, represent a crucial target for the action of stress and its mediators. (nature.com)
In line with this, agomelatine-treated stressed animals displayed significantly increased number and length of dendrites at glutamate synapses in the hippocampus (including the dentate gyrus and CA1) and reversed the hippocampal neuronal retraction observed in the rats who were given the placebo. (bipolarnews.org)
Autism spectrum disorders are associated with developmental abnormalities at excitatory synapses. (bipolarnews.org)
When in dendrites and spines, βAR 248 was frequently concentrated along plasma membranes and at post-synaptic densities of asymmetric (excitatory) synapses. (frontiersin.org)
Synapses on a post-synaptic spine are usually from a pre-synaptic axon, but dendrite-to-dendrite synapses also exist. (spectrumnews.org)
Most synapses on dendrites are excitatory, but again, there are exceptions 1 . (spectrumnews.org)
Within each glomerulus, sensory axons make synapses on several postsynaptic targets including the primary dendrites of one to two dozen mitral/tufted (M/T) cells, which are the output cells of the bulb. (harvard.edu)
We conclude that densin is an essential regulator of neuronal Ca_v1 channels and ensures efficient Ca_v1.2 Ca^(2+) signaling at excitatory synapses. (caltech.edu)
Dendritic spines are pro-trusions along neuronal dendrites where excitatory synapses are located. (aalto.fi)

Magee JC (2000) Dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic input. (yale.edu)
The integration of excitatory inputs in dendrites is non-linear: multiple excitatory inputs can produce a local depolarization departing from the arithmetic sum of each input's response taken separately. (neurips.cc)

The resilience of LTS interneurons could be related to their sparsity of excitatory synaptic inputs compared with FSIs. (nih.gov)
A given M/T cell receives excitatory input from a single 'parent' glomerulus through its primary dendrite, and makes lateral connections with several types of inhibitory interneurons. (harvard.edu)

They, along with apical dendrites, make up the part of the neuron that receives most of the electrical signaling. (wikipedia.org)
These domains were arrayed in an orderly, monotonic pattern along the apical axis: axons from more central origins targeted progressively higher regions of the apical dendrites. (janelia.org)

Mutations within the SynGAP1 gene are associated with ASD due to over activation of RAS-GTP causing insertion of AMPA receptors onto the post synaptic membrane, and thus early maturation of dendrites. (iupui.edu)
Sure enough, diffusion restriction was induced in individual dendrites by pairing two excitatory signals from pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sources.The clampdown at the dendrite neck may involve cross-linking of an actin mesh, or blockage by mitochondria or smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (rupress.org)

Weak' dendrites only transmit signals in certain phases," says Christina Müller, postdoctoral student in Remy's working group and the lead author of the study to appear in Neuron. (neurosciencenews.com)
First, we confirm that spiking dendrites enable a neuron to compute lnBFs using an architecture based on the disjunctive normal form (DNF). (neurips.cc)
Second, we prove that saturating dendrites as well as spiking dendrites also enable a neuron to compute lnBFs using an architecture based on the conjunctive normal form (CNF). (neurips.cc)
This minimization could explain why a neuron spends energetic resources to make its dendrites spike. (neurips.cc)

Evidence for increased excitatory drive is based largely on the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous and action-potential-evoked excitatory synaptic potentials. (sfari.org)
Increased frequencies and amplitudes of excitatory synaptic potentials have been observed in mouse models bearing human mutations in genes such as NLGN3, SHANK3, TSC1 and TSC2. (sfari.org)

Sholl analysis also revealed a significant loss of dendritic complexity and excitatory synaptic inputs. (nih.gov)
The STDP learning rules have been extracted from studies using connected neuronal pairs or by using extracellular stimulating electrodes, but the precise location and structural organization of the excitatory inputs that support STDP at its minimal functional unit-the dendritic spine-are unknown. (bruker.com)

The surface of these dendrites is covered in mushroom-shaped spines that help create these synaptic connections. (bipolarnews.org)
Morphologically, most spines are shorter than 2 micrometers in length and are comprised of a bulbous 'head' and a thinner 'neck' that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. (spectrumnews.org)
Recent evidence using precise application of glutamate on a dendrite has shown that spines can form within seconds of application and within 1 micrometer of the applied area 4 . (spectrumnews.org)
Dendritic spines, the main recipient of excitatory information in the brain, are tiny protrusions with a small head separated from the dendrite by a slender neck. (bruker.com)
Bloodgood and Sabatini were "playing around" with a sensitive and photoactivatable fluorophore when they noticed that some dendritic spines seemed to be decoupled from the rest of the dendrite. (rupress.org)

A spine is typically located on peripheral dendrites, but can also be located on proximal dendrites or even the cell body. (spectrumnews.org)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) measured under voltage clamp were distinguished on the basis of their voltage dependence and sensitivity to specific NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptor blockers. (nih.gov)
This asymmetry can produce a hierarchical effect in branching dendrites, where an NMDA spike at a proximal branch can induce heterosynaptic plasticity primarily at branches that are distal to it. (eneuro.org)

The physical characteristics of basal dendrites vary based on their location and species that they are found in. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the basal dendrites of humans are overall found to be the most intricate and spine-dense, as compared to other species such as Macaques. (wikipedia.org)
It is also observed that basal dendrites of the prefrontal cortex are larger and more complex in comparison to the smaller and simpler dendrites that can be seen within the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Basal dendrites are capable of vast amounts of analog computing, which is responsible for many of the different nonlinear responses of modulating information in the neocortex. (wikipedia.org)
Basal dendrites additionally exist in dentate granule cells for a limited time before removal via regulatory factors. (wikipedia.org)
Basal dendrites have been found to be involved mostly in neocortical information processing. (wikipedia.org)
Basal dendrites are part of sampling dendritic arbors. (wikipedia.org)
For example, at the CA1 pyramidal cell of a rat, there are 5 basal dendrites at the soma with 30 branch points, while space filling dendritic arbors can contain hundreds of branch points, and selective arbors can contain as few as 0 or 1. (wikipedia.org)
In reference to a study on the genes related to basal dendrites, there is proven association with the TAOK2 gene and its interaction with the NPR1-SEMA3A signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Research shows growth of basal dendrites when more of the TAOK2 gene is expressed while lower expression decreases the number of dendrites within mice. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, decreasing expression of basal dendrites occurs when the Nrp1 gene is downregulated. (wikipedia.org)

Schematic representation of a tiny nerve cell prolongation (dendrite) that processes exhibitory and inhibitory signals. (neurosciencenews.com)
Incoming signals enter the cell as excitatory signals. (neurosciencenews.com)
The dendrites in this brain region serve as efficient amplifiers for synchronous signals. (neurosciencenews.com)
We were able to show that in specific dendrites, the 'strong' dendrites, clustered signals are amplified very well. (neurosciencenews.com)
Strong' dendrites transmit synchronous excitatory signals precisely and very reliably. (neurosciencenews.com)
Signals that are received via 'weak' dendrites can only be passed forward during phases of weak inhibition. (neurosciencenews.com)
Euler T, Detwiler PB, Denk W (2002) Directionally selective calcium signals in dendrites of starburst amacrine cells. (yale.edu)

Over time (left to right), individual dendrites allow the escape of proteins (green) quickly (top), slowly (middle), or hardly at all (bottom). (rupress.org)

The subcellular organization of neocortical excitatory connections. (janelia.org)

Does the shift in the role of GABA from excitatory neurotransmission to inhibitory neurotransmission during early development play a role in autism? (sfari.org)

L100P mutant slices exhibit decreased excitatory synaptic transmission (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) in dentate gyrus (DG) and impaired long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)

Computational simulations revealed that compound connections depolarize dendrites in a biophysically efficient manner, owing to their inherent spatiotemporal clustering. (yale.edu)
And can saturating dendrites equally expand computational capacity? (neurips.cc)

Our experiments reveal high specificity in the subcellular organization of excitatory circuits. (janelia.org)

These mutations lead to an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance within the brain, and patients often present with intellectual disability, seizures, and issues of cognition. (iupui.edu)

According to Remy and his colleagues, only then can these dendrites provide precise signal transmission. (neurosciencenews.com)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) enables excitatory circuit long-term potentiation (LTP). (bvsalud.org)

Here the change does not take place at the synapse - where it's already been observed - but at the dendrite. (scienceblog.com)
Genes located near the identified variants are "enriched in excitatory neurotransmission, mechanosensory behavior, post synapse, neuron spine and dendrite functions," the researchers report. (medscape.com)
Neurotransmitters allow the impulse to cross a synapse (excitatory) or stop the impulse and prevent it from crossing a synapse (inhibitory). (2bscientific.com)
The two major types of excitatory glutamate receptors found at the synapse are AMPA and NMDA, which during over-activation leads to glutamate induced excitotoxicity. (auburn.edu)
It is involved in synaptogenesis and promotes excitatory synapse differentiation (PubMed:27273464, PubMed:27812321). (nih.gov)
Between the part of the first neuron that is sending the signal, the axon, and the second neuron that is receiving the signal, the dendrite, there exists a minute gap known as the synapse . (wikiversity.org)

Commissural excitatory interneurons projected with nearly planar trajectories to the contralateral pre-BötC, many also with axon collaterals to areas containing inspiratory hypoglossal (XII) premotoneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
Each of these dendritic compartments locally sum excitatory and inhibitory inputs, amplifies them with voltage-gated channels, and generates spikes that propagate to the axon via the soma. (berkeley.edu)
When the segment of the axon that is closest to the cell body is stimulated by an electrical signal from the dendrites, and if this electrical signal is strong enough that it passes a certain level or threshold , the cell membrane in this first segment opens its gates, allowing positively charged sodium ions that were previously kept out to enter. (pressbooks.pub)

We comparatively analyzed cellular and circuit properties of identified rhythmic excitatory and inhibitory interneurons within respiratory microcircuits of the neonatal rodent pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), the structure generating inspiratory rhythm in the brainstem. (jneurosci.org)
Dendrites of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons were arborized asymmetrically, primarily in the coronal plane. (jneurosci.org)
Neural networks generating rhythmic movements contain core microcircuits of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, the basic neural substrates for producing motor behavior ( Grillner, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)

Glutamate released from mitral cell dendrites excites the dendrites of granule cells, which in turn mediate GABAergic dendrodendritic inhibition back onto mitral dendrites. (nih.gov)

Signals that are received via 'weak' dendrites can only be passed forward during phases of weak inhibition. (scienceblog.com)

GECIs are frequently used in one of two different modes: to track activity in large populations of neuronal cell bodies, or to follow dynamics in subcellular compartments such as axons, dendrites and individual synaptic compartments. (janelia.org)

Basal dendrites additionally exist in dentate granule cells for a limited time before removal via regulatory factors. (wikipedia.org)
In line, when EAE was induced in C3 deficient mice (C3KO), dendrites and spines of the dentate gyrus as well as memory abilities were preserved. (bvsalud.org)

Excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate the brain and are somewhat overactive. (differencebetween.net)

Rhythmic respiratory activity originates within excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the bilateral ventral respiratory column (VRC) of the medulla. (jneurosci.org)

Enhances neuronal dendrite outgrowth (PubMed:16224024, PubMed:19640509). (nih.gov)

Immunoelectron microscopy localized synbindin onpostsynaptic membranes and intracellular vesicles within dendrites, suggesting a role in postsynaptic membrane trafficking. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Research in his lab focuses on the excitable properties of CA1 dendrites and their role in synaptic integration. (nih.gov)
Dendrites are excitable to differing degrees. (scienceblog.com)

When we deleted NPs in mice, those specific proteins used in excitatory interactions failed to show up. (nih.gov)

His research during these early years was concerned with the excitatory processes of the visual system (spectral sensitivity of sunfish), nerve-muscle complex, and muscle. (nationalacademies.org)
Spiny processes on DENDRITES , each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending ( NERVE ENDINGS ). (bvsalud.org)

This approach revealed previously undifferentiated structural-functional features that distinguish excitatory and inhibitory interneuronal populations. (jneurosci.org)

Synaptic transmission between dendrites in the olfactory bulb is thought to play a major role in the processing of olfactory information. (nih.gov)

Cells in pinks, violets, reds, and oranges have inhibitory electrical activity, while those in greens and blues have excitatory electrical activity. (nih.gov)

According to Remy and his colleagues, only then can these dendrites provide precise signal transmission. (scienceblog.com)

They can however be transformed into 'strong' dendrites during this process. (scienceblog.com)

Depending on the receptor, the response may be excitatory or inhibitory. (msdmanuals.com)
An ONW (B′) combined with a drain electrode mimics a biological dendrite (B). EPSC is generated in the ONW in response to presynaptic spikes and is delivered to a postneuron through connections to the drain electrode. (neurosciencenews.com)

Anatomy82

Organisms17

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Health Care2

Neurons45

Synapses10

Integration of excitatory2

Interneurons2

Apical dendrites2

Post-synaptic2

Neuron4

Potentials2

Inputs2

Spines5

Proximal dendrites1

NMDA2

Basal Dendrites11

Signals7

Proteins1

Neocortical1

Autism1

Slices1

Computational2

Organization1

Brain1

Precise1

Circuit1

Synapse6

Axon3

Inhibitory interneurons3

Glutamate1

Inhibition1

Compartments1

Dentate2

Neurotransmitters1

Circuits1

Neuronal1

Postsynaptic1

Excitable2

Interactions1

Processes2

Populations1

Major1

Electrical1

Signal1

Strong1

Response2