AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Growth HormonePituitary NeoplasmsPituitary GlandGrowth Hormone-Releasing HormoneAdenomaPituitary Gland, AnteriorCrop, AvianProlactinHuman Growth HormoneGrowth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaReceptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating HormoneProlactinomaPituitary HormonesACTH-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaPituitary DiseasesPituitary ApoplexyAdenoma, ChromophobeAcromegalySphenoid BonePituitary ACTH HypersecretionAdrenocorticotropic HormoneSella TurcicaPituitary Hormones, AnteriorAdenoma, AcidophilHypopituitarismHormonesLuteinizing HormoneReceptors, SomatotropinFollicle Stimulating HormoneThyrotropinHypophysectomySphenoid SinusPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideDwarfism, PituitaryPituitary Gland, PosteriorPituitary Function TestsGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneCraniopharyngiomaSomatotrophsThyrotropin-Releasing HormoneSomatostatinInsulin-Like Growth Factor IOctreotideCushing SyndromeGonadotropins, PituitaryAdenoma, PleomorphicThyroid HormonesBromocriptineAdenoma, VillousReceptors, SomatostatinAdenoma, BasophilImmunohistochemistryRNA, MessengerGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitGrowth DisordersHydrocortisonePituitary Hormone-Releasing HormonesEmpty Sella SyndromeNelson SyndromeTranscription Factor Pit-1Magnetic Resonance ImagingCavernous SinusAdrenocortical AdenomaCorticotrophsReceptors, Pituitary HormoneCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneHyperprolactinemiaSecurinMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1ThyroxineThyrotrophsTriiodothyronineEndocrine Gland NeoplasmsParathyroid HormoneHypothalamusPro-OpiomelanocortinGonadotropinsAdenoma, Liver CellGonadal Steroid HormonesGigantismRadioimmunoassayPeptide HormonesReceptors, LHRHEstradiolHMGA2 ProteinPituitary IrradiationGonadotrophsNeurosurgical ProceduresFollicle Stimulating Hormone, beta SubunitHormone Replacement TherapyReceptors, GhrelinReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideDwarfismMultiple Endocrine NeoplasiaReceptors, Thyroid HormoneHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemCentral Nervous System CystsGanglioneuromaTestosteronePituitary Hormones, Posterior
Produced by the pituitary glandAdrenocorticotropic hormoneHypothalamusBenignFollicle-stimulaACTHSecretionProlactinHypopituitarismPresentation of a pituitary adenomaAcromegalySymptoms of pituitaryAnteriorTumors secreteScan of the pituitaryMacroadenomaEstrogenLess than 10 mmTumorTriiodothyronineRegulateNormal pituitaryThyroxineDiagnosisGland is a smallCortisolDeficiencySteroidHyperplasiaANDROGENSEndocrine glandsProlactinomaHyperthyroidismMicroadenomasProducesAldosteroneCalled the sellaCarcinomasThyrotropin-releasiPosteriorMaster glandCraniopharyngiomaWorkupTissuesCorticosteroidsDisordersPeripheralSurgeryRegulated by thyroid hormoneOpticVisual field defectsEpinephrineCystsDysfunctionCompressRegulatesLuteinizing HormoneThyroid functionMetabolismStalkProduceSyndromesCause symptoms
Produced by the pituitary gland3
Adrenocorticotropic hormone4
Hypothalamus16
Benign9
  • Most adenomas are benign, slow growing, and relatively common. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Most pituitary tumors are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2% are carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Duodenal gastrinomas, carcinoid tumors of the foregut, benign adrenal adenomas, and lipomas also occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As benign growths, they can grow in size to press on the surrounding vital structures and lead to severe consequences. (scopeheal.com)
  • Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors that arise from one of the five types of cells present in the anterior pituitary gland. (scopeheal.com)
  • A benign tumour in the form of a pituitary tumour, is a collection of cells that have irregular cell division and development patterns and grows into a mass of cells that do not have malignant features. (tataaig.com)
  • A pituitary tumour or sometimes referred to as pituitary adenoma is basically a non-cancerous (benign) development on an individual's pituitary gland. (tataaig.com)
  • Following treatment, it is possible for recurrent tumors to develop, so it is vital that patients take an active approach and schedule regular screenings to monitor for whether the benign or cancerous cells have developed in the body. (comprehensive-urology.com)
  • If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with adrenal tumors, whether benign or cancerous, there are a number of potential treatment options available to achieve a safe, normal hormone balance without interfering with daily life. (comprehensive-urology.com)
Follicle-stimula4
  • Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone: control the menstrual cycle in women and sperm production in men. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Rarely, growth hormone (GH), leutinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) may be elicited[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Occult primary ovarian insufficiency presents as unexplained infertility in a patient with a normal basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. (medscape.com)
  • Key laboratory findings include elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and low estrogen levels. (lecturio.com)
ACTH8
  • Hyperpituitarism resulting from primary endocrine organ deficiency (eg, high circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels in primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis or elevated adrenocortical hormone [ACTH] levels in primary adrenal insufficiency) quickly suppress to reference range values upon replacement of the active hormone. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we report the case of a fatal pituitary carcinoma evolving within two years from an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting macroadenoma and review the global literature regarding this rare neuroendocrine tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like adenomas, the vast majority of reported pituitary carcinomas are endocrinologically active (88%), with most secreting adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or prolactin (PRL)[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Less commonly, pituitary carcinomas may metastasize hematogenously - a prominent feature of ACTH-producing carcinomas - resulting in metastatic invasion of the liver, bone, ovaries, heart, and lung. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe a patient with an ACTH-producing carcinoma of the pituitary with refractory Cushing's disease and hepatic metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The other was that the short synacthen test is not a reliable way to diagnose ACTH or growth hormone deficiency, as it misses about 40% of cases [2]. (christopherlanetrust.org.uk)
  • The hypothalamic-releasing factor, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), stimulates the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • ACTH and cortisol are also measured together because cortisol and ACTH levels vary diurnally, with the peak values in both hormones occurring between 0600 and 0800 and reaching the lowest levels between 2200 and 2400. (unboundmedicine.com)
Secretion10
Prolactin4
  • Prolactin hormone: causes a woman's breasts to make milk after pregnancy. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Some tumors secrete more than one hormone, the most common combination being GH and prolactin, which present as unexpected bone growth and unexpected lactation (in both men and women). (wikipedia.org)
  • Parlodel (bromocriptine mesylate) is a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat certain conditions caused by a hormone imbalance in which there is too much prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), and to treat these disorders when they are caused by brain tumors that can produce prolactin. (rxlist.com)
  • Parlodel treatment is indicated in patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas , which may be the basic underlying endocrinopathy contributing to the above clinical presentations. (rxlist.com)
Hypopituitarism3
Presentation of a pituitary adenoma2
  • The clinical presentation of a pituitary adenoma primarily results from the oversecreted hormone. (medscape.com)
  • The latency period between initial presentation of a pituitary adenoma and the development of distal metastases marking carcinoma is extremely variable, and some patients may live well over 10 years with pituitary carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Acromegaly7
  • Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH). (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 90-95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma and it most commonly affects middle aged adults, Acromegly can result in severe disfigurement, serious complicating conditions, and premature death if unchecked. (wikipedia.org)
  • Somatostatin analogues (SSTA) are the most widely used drugs to treat acromegaly, since they inhibit GH and IGF-1 levels, reduce pituitary mass, but can affect glucose metabolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • Acromegaly is a severe disease characterized by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), which induces the synthesis of peripheral insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) after the closure of the epiphyseal bone. (scirp.org)
  • Acromegaly is usually the result of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, which results in anatomical changes and metabolic dysfunction. (scirp.org)
  • In rare cases, the disease is associated with excessive production of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), familial syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, McCune-Albright syndrome, familial acromegaly, and Carney's syndrome. (scirp.org)
Symptoms of pituitary2
  • Compressive symptoms of pituitary adenomas (visual field deficits, decreased visual acuity, headaches) are more commonly seen with macroadenomas (which are greater than 10 mm in diameter) than with microadenomas (which are less than 10 mm in diameter). (wikipedia.org)
  • Continue reading to learn more about the symptoms of pituitary tumours. (tataaig.com)
Anterior8
Tumors secrete1
Scan of the pituitary1
  • A T1-weighted spin-echo MRI scan of the pituitary before and after administration of gadolinium is the imaging modality of choice for detecting pituitary adenomas. (medscape.com)
Macroadenoma1
Estrogen5
  • Prolactinomas often start to give symptoms especially during pregnancy, when the increased hormone level estrogen can increase the tumor's growth rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sebum production is controlled by hormones - specifically, androgens like testosterone and estrogen. (hairstory.com)
  • Two ingredients work in conjunction to increase the livers ability to break down excess estrogen and excrete it from the body. (naturalscience.com)
  • This excess estrogen can lead to troublesome adult acne, gynecomastia in men, breast and ovarian cancer in women, and increased fat storage in the stomach and hips. (naturalscience.com)
  • Estrogen hormones are naturally found in men and women and have many benefits such as preserving artery health and brain function while fighting oxidative free radical damage. (naturalscience.com)
Less than 10 mm1
  • Here, the adenomas are less than 10 mm or 1 centimetre in size. (tataaig.com)
Tumor6
Triiodothyronine4
Regulate6
  • The pituitary gland is also responsible for producing hormones that regulate a wide range of processes, including growth, metabolism, blood pressure, and reproductive health. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • These proteins regulate growth and development. (cdc.gov)
  • Many hormones affect fuel metabolism, including those that regulate appetite as well as those that influence absorption, transport, and oxidation of foodstuffs. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • any of the male sex hormones that regulate the development and maintenance of male characteristics. (ashp.org)
  • The adrenal glands are an integral part of the endocrine system, secreting hormones that act throughout the body to regulate functions and promote homeostasis. (ashp.org)
  • The adrenal glands are responsible for secreting a range of hormones that regulate many processes, such as blood pressure, sex hormone production, and even heart rate. (comprehensive-urology.com)
Normal pituitary1
  • Pituitary cancer might not be malignant, but it can disrupt normal pituitary function and may cause certain health problems. (tataaig.com)
Thyroxine1
  • Perhaps this can be put down to a widespread perception that the treatment of thyroid problems has been solved: patients with hypothyroid problems simply need to be given thyroxine, and those with hyperthyroid problems can have their thyroid hormone levels lowered by surgical or chemical means. (propharmgroup.com)
Diagnosis3
  • The diagnosis of pituitary disease is generally uncomplicated. (bmj.com)
  • In this brief overview, the presentation, classification, and general investigation of pituitary lesions is followed by a discussion of the diagnosis and management of specific secretory subtypes. (bmj.com)
  • Moving forward, let's learn more about the Pituitary tumour, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and preventive measures in this instructive post. (tataaig.com)
Gland is a small2
  • The pituitary gland is a small, bean-shaped organ that sits at the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose (Fig. 1 and 2). (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • The pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland", is a small but mighty organ that sits at the base of the brain and is responsible for regulating a number of critical functions in the body. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
Cortisol3
Deficiency6
  • A disruption of this process may result in anovulation and ovarian steroid hormone deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Less specific symptoms such as headache, and subtle signs of pituitary hormone deficiency with peripheral endocrine organ hypofunction characterised by amenorrhoea, loss of libido, and lethargy, are also common. (bmj.com)
  • Symptoms and signs of pituitary hormone deficiency are more subtle than those seen in primary end organ failure (table 1). (bmj.com)
  • Here are some stories from people who had a head injury which caused later pituitary deficiencies, including the two most frequent problems - hypogonadism (which can cause erectile dysfunction / impotence, loss of libido, loss of periods, infertility) and growth hormone deficiency, which can interfere with growth in children, and can cause muscle loss and depression in adults. (christopherlanetrust.org.uk)
  • With pituitary hypofunctioning, gonadotropin deficiency is the most common early manifestation in both men and women. (medquizzes.net)
  • a term referring to a deficiency in the levels of adrenal hormones. (ashp.org)
Steroid4
  • a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. (ashp.org)
  • any of the steroid hormones made by the cortex of the adrenal gland. (ashp.org)
  • a steroid hormone that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. (ashp.org)
  • a steroid hormone that affects fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. (ashp.org)
Hyperplasia5
  • In some cases, long-standing hormonal hypersecretion is accompanied by sufficient hyperplasia of the pituitary to produce sellar enlargement. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This heterogeneity appears to constitute the underlying cause for the focal cell hyperplasia and eventually the formation of thyroid and adrenal nodules, under the influence of growth stimulatory factors. (mdpi.com)
  • Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several medical conditions involving sebum such as acne, sebaceous cysts, hyperplasia, and sebaceous adenoma, are usually due to overactive glands producing excess sebum. (hairstory.com)
ANDROGENS1
  • Hereditary factors such as mutations in BRCA and KRAS genes, hormone levels such as androgens and gonadotrophins, and cytokines have been shown to increase ovarian cancer risk. (biomedres.us)
Endocrine glands4
Prolactinoma3
Hyperthyroidism2
Microadenomas6
  • Based on size, pituitary tumors may be classified as microadenomas (less than 10mm) or macroadenomas (larger than 10mm). (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Adenomas exceeding 10 mm (0.39 in) in size are defined as macroadenomas, with those smaller than 10 mm (0.39 in) referred to as microadenomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most pituitary adenomas are microadenomas and have an estimated prevalence of 16.7% (14.4% in autopsy studies and 22.5% in radiologic studies). (wikipedia.org)
  • A majority of pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed, and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding and are referred to as incidentalomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gadolinium enhancement of pituitary MRI can be helpful for small microadenomas. (bmj.com)
  • Pituitary macroadenomas occur twice as frequently as microadenomas. (tataaig.com)
Produces5
  • The pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) that goes into the blood stream to activate thyroid cells, which then secrete T3 and T4 into the peripheral tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • When it senses not enough thyroid hormone circulating it produces more TSH. (cdc.gov)
  • When T4 is converted to T3 it produces the more active thyroid hormone and activates the pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Now that gland produces major chemicals which basically enable a human to function so the treatment is to substitute some of those chemicals, hormones, and immediately after receiving those you start to feel better. (christopherlanetrust.org.uk)
  • It produces hormones that set the rate at which energy is released from our bodily stores. (propharmgroup.com)
Aldosterone1
  • an excess amount of aldosterone. (ashp.org)
Called the sella1
Carcinomas2
  • Pituitary carcinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors affecting the adenohypophysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare neoplasms, representing only 0.1% to 0.2% of all pituitary tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Thyrotropin-releasi1
  • The principal regulator of thyroid function is the pituitary hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn is controlled by positive input from the hypothalamic hormone thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and by negative input from T4 and T3. (nationalacademies.org)
Posterior5
Master gland1
Craniopharyngioma1
  • If originating superior to the optic chiasm, more commonly in a craniopharyngioma of the pituitary stalk, the visual field defect will first appear as bitemporal inferior quadrantanopia, if originating inferior to the optic chiasm the visual field defect will first appear as bitemporal superior quadrantanopia. (wikipedia.org)
Workup1
  • The workup of patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas kffice and after surgery should include determination middpe the molar ratio of α subunit to TSH. (banglaforexacademy.com)
Tissues3
  • A neurosurgeon may conduct surgery to eliminate the pituitary tumour, with the objective of removing the tumour without causing damage to adjacent tissues. (tataaig.com)
  • However, pituitary adenomas can impose pressure on adjacent tissues, causing symptoms when they expand in size. (tataaig.com)
  • Well, these adenomas do not produce hormones, but if they grow large enough, they can squeeze surrounding tissues. (tataaig.com)
Corticosteroids1
  • In addition to the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine, the corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal glands are vital to various physiological processes. (ashp.org)
Disorders2
  • citation needed] Various psychiatric manifestations have been associated with pituitary disorders including pituitary adenomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disorders related to the pituitary and adrenal glands or reproductive organs can increase or decrease sebum production. (hairstory.com)
Peripheral1
  • 2001). Some T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, is secreted directly by the thyroid along with T4, but most T3 is produced from T4 by one of two deiodinases (Types I and II 1 ) in the peripheral tissue (Schneider et al. (nationalacademies.org)
Surgery5
  • Aim of our study was to evaluate glucose metabolism alterations in acromegalic patients cured after surgery and in patients with active disease during treatment with SSTA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • For pituitary adenomas, transsphenoidal surgery is usually considered the first line of treatment, followed by medical therapy for residual disease. (medscape.com)
  • Somatostatin and dopamine analogues and GH receptor antagonists are the mainstays of medical treatment for GH excess and are generally used when primary surgery fails to induce complete remission. (medscape.com)
  • People who undergo thyroid gland surgery may need to take thyroid hormone afterward to keep their body chemistry in balance. (thyroidproadvice.com)
  • The MRI of the pituitary showed swelling and near to the optic nerve, so the next step was pituitary surgery which was done in August 1986. (cushingsbios.com)
Regulated by thyroid hormone1
  • The action of hormones are transduced by regulating the synthesis of proteins (5% of proteins in the body are regulated by thyroid hormone). (cdc.gov)
Optic4
Visual field defects2
  • citation needed] A patient with pituitary adenoma may present with visual field defects, classically bitemporal hemianopsia. (wikipedia.org)
  • An exaggerated "physiological" trophic response to prolonged hypothyroidism presenting with visual field defects is well described but is, like pituitary carcinoma, very rare. (bmj.com)
Epinephrine1
  • The inner medulla is responsible for secreting the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively). (ashp.org)
Cysts3
  • There are various kinds of pituitary tumors: adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, and Rathke's cleft cysts. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Closely related to pituitary adenomas are craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cleft cysts. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Estrogen's over-stimulation of breasts and uterus tissue can lead to breast cysts or adenomas and uterine growths - both unpleasant and potentially dangerous physical outcomes are too often accompanied by worrisome mammograms and hysterectomies. (naturalscience.com)
Dysfunction1
  • Blood levels of T3 are higher or lower because of inadequate or uncontrolled production of the hormone by the thyroid gland because of thyroid dysfunction or pituitary dysfunction. (labtestsguide.com)
Compress2
  • When pituitary tumors grow they can compress the above-mentioned structures and cause symptoms. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Lateral expansion of a pituitary adenoma can also compress the abducens nerve, causing a lateral rectus palsy. (wikipedia.org)
Regulates3
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin): regulates water balance. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • The thyroid hormone regulates energy and fat metabolism and protein synthesis by regulating different enzymes that are involved in those processes. (cdc.gov)
  • a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates the balance of sodium, water, and potassium concentrations in the body. (ashp.org)
Luteinizing Hormone1
  • By naturally increasing production and release of GH, Test, and Luteinizing Hormone, your body will be primed for increased muscle growth as well as increased fat loss. (naturalscience.com)
Thyroid function1
  • This test is done to assess thyroid function and measures the blood level of the T3 hormone. (labtestsguide.com)
Metabolism4
  • Growth hormone: helps control body growth and the metabolism of sugar and fat. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • This gland secretes hormones that control a wide range of processes including growth, metabolism, blood pressure, and reproductive health. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • These hormones play important roles in regulating growth and development, metabolism, reproductive function, and more. (musclegrowthexpert.com)
  • The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland present in the neck region and is responsible for various functions of the body, including metabolism and growth. (labtestsguide.com)
Stalk1
  • Craniopharyngiomas typically grow from the pituitary stalk upward into the third ventricle and cause symptoms similar to pituitary adenomas. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Produce10
  • These tumors behave according to their cell of origin and are named for the specific hormone they produce. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Parlodel lowers the hormone needed to produce breast milk. (rxlist.com)
  • Загальні відомості про ендокринні пухлини підшлункової залози Pancreatic endocrine tumors arise from islet and gastrin-producing cells and often produce many hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Well, these adenomas produce additional pituitary hormones, which induce a variety of symptoms or/and problems based on the hormone. (tataaig.com)
  • The thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback on cells that produce TSH, causing them to shut down production. (cdc.gov)
  • It is metabolized so one iodine atom is removed to produce T3 - about 10 times as active as T4 in binding to a receptor that exerts the action as receptor to the thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a very active transport due to the need to produce thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • An isotope of radioactive iodine is injected into a vein in the arm to find nodules that produce an excess of thyroid hormone. (thyroidproadvice.com)
  • When tumors develop in the adrenal glands, they may produce too much or too little of the body's essential hormones, resulting in serious health issues. (comprehensive-urology.com)
  • Adrenal tumors can cause a range of health issues because the glands either produce too much or too little of the body's necessary hormones. (comprehensive-urology.com)
Syndromes1
  • Syndromes of pituitary hormone excess are described below. (bmj.com)
Cause symptoms1