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PupilLightPupil DisordersTonic PupilReflex, PupillaryMydriaticsTropicamidePhysical ExaminationMydriasisIrisAnisocoriaMiosisAccommodation, OcularRefraction, OcularAdie SyndromeAberrometryEye ColorSchoolsCyclopentolateRefractive ErrorsMyosin Light ChainsVisual AcuityCorneal TopographyOptics and PhotonicsDark AdaptationDarknessLight Signal TransductionTime FactorsRetinaAdaptation, OcularVision, OcularPhotic StimulationRod OpsinsDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalStudentsEye DiseasesGlareNeurologic ExaminationCircadian RhythmPresbyopiaAstigmatismFacultySensitivity and SpecificityScattering, RadiationMyopiaEyeColorCorneaEye, ArtificialReproducibility of Results

DilationReactiveVisual acuityRetinaSensitivity to liDilatesDropsBilaterallyRelative affereDilate the pupilWidenReflexesConstrictNeurologic ExaminationOcularGLAUCOMAMedical examinationsIrisBlown pupilLensFindingsConsensuallyOphthalmologistFundusReactivityIntraocular structuresOptic nerve is damagedFluoresceinUnequalAtropineReactAbnormallyCranial NerveNormalCorneaEquallyNervous systemStimulusIlluminationPalsySymptomsEyesCornealPatient'sExamineRetinalExtraocular movementsNerveEyelidCataractMydriaticStructuresFlashesBlurryPhysical examination revealedTemporarilyBrightSizeChestMusclesAdnexa

Dilation10

• Vision should be assessed before pupil dilation through menace response, pupillary light reflexes, falling cotton ball, and obstacle course under different light conditions. (vin.com)
• Third cranial nerve palsy (oculomotor nerve that runs from the brain to the eye and controls the position of the eyelid, the movement of the eyeball and the size of the pupil): in these cases, pupillary dilation is usually associated with ptosis (droopy eyelid) , double vision and/or visibly misaligned eyes. (barraquer.com)
• Thus, pupil dilation can occur for many reasons. (barraquer.com)
• With the darkness stimulating the dilation of both pupils, and the light stimulating nothing (owing to the optic nerve pathology on the tested side), the pupil exposed to light will dilate abnormally, until it is the same diameter as the unlit pupil. (derangedphysiology.com)
• Blocking these receptors causes pupil dilation and prevents the eye from accommodating for near vision. (vetdepot.com)
• Gerardo Robles-Morales, a physician, 22nd AMDS optometry flight commander, uses a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope during an examination, Jan. 31, 2018, at McConnell Air Force Base, Kan. Robles-Morales used a small lens with the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope in order to enhance light and magnify his vision to see the retina through dilation of the pupil. (af.mil)
• Aaron Prevost, 22nd AMDS optometry flight chief, Jan. 31, 2018, at McConnell Air Force Base, Kan. Robles-Morales used the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope to check Prevost's retina through dilation of the pupil. (af.mil)
• Increased levels of oxytocin may lead to a temporary mild to moderate dilation of pupils. (healthline.com)
• The oculomotor nerve affects the constriction and dilation of the pupils, so damage to it could lead to mydriasis. (healthline.com)
• Patients may experience sensitivity to light and should protect eyes in bright illumination during dilation. (nih.gov)

Reactive8

• The pupils are dilated but reactive to light. (medscape.com)
• Pupils were equally reactive to light with normal extraocular movements. (cdc.gov)
• The pupils were equal and reactive to light and near stimuli. (hindawi.com)
• Pupils were equally round and reactive to light, and pressure was normal to palpation. (medscape.com)
• Pupils are 3 mm and reactive to light bilaterally. (osmosis.org)
• EMS providers noted that Officer 1's pupils were 4 mm (normal range is 2-4mm in diameter depending on ambient light) and reactive. (cdc.gov)
• The pupils were unequal but reactive to light. (consultant360.com)
• both reactive to light). (bvsalud.org)

Visual acuity4

• Neuroophthalmologic examination revealed normal visual acuity, fields, and fundi. (hindawi.com)
• At the age of 1 year old, the baby's vision can then be re-assessed along with visual acuity and strabismus examination. (bangkokhospital.com)
• Eye examination to assess visual acuity (eye chart test) and examine pupils, lens, retina, and eye movements. (nih.gov)
• Within randomly selected clusters, door to door enumeration was followed by visual acuity measurement and eye examinations at conveniently located sites. (bmj.com)

Retina13

• Checking your retina -- The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye. (medlineplus.gov)
• The lens itself is flexible and suspended by ligaments which allow it to change shape to focus light on the retina, which is composed of sensory neurons. (mountsinai.org)
• The blind animal typically holds the eyes widely open in an attempt to increase light stimulation to the retina. (vin.com)
• Pediatrician and pediatric ophthalmologist will work together for this examination, which is repeated again when the baby is 3 months old to assess the baby's vision and retina. (bangkokhospital.com)
• Pictures of the retina are taken using a camera that flashes a blue light into the eye. (drugpatentwatch.com)
• This test shines a light into the eye and produces cross-sectional pictures of the retina. (drugpatentwatch.com)
• Often, during the ophthalmological visit, it is necessary to dilate the pupils with eye drops in order to carry out a complete and detailed examination of the retina and other elements inside the eye that cannot be seen without mydriasis. (barraquer.com)
• Flashes of light occur when the vitreous pulls away from the retina, tugging on it. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• Your eye health professional may dilate (enlage) your pupils using eye drops to examine the retina at the back of your eye. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• The contact lenses sense small electrical signals generated by the retina when the light flashes. (nih.gov)
• The retina is the light-sensing structure at the back of the eye. (merckmanuals.com)
• Retinitis Pigmentosa Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare, progressive degeneration of the retina (the transparent, light-sensitive structure at the back of the eye) that eventually causes moderate to severe vision loss. (merckmanuals.com)
• They gather light and bring it to the retina to form images. (healthline.com)

Sensitivity to li3

• Larger than normal pupils, sensitivity to light and teary eyes may point to congenital glaucoma. (bangkokhospital.com)
• You may also have sensitivity to light, which may affect driving home from your appointment. (uky.edu)
• Common side effects of tropicamide include redness, irritation, and sensitivity to light. (rxwiki.com)

Dilates4

• The pupil, responding less vigorously, dilates from its prior constricted state when the light is moved away from the unaffected eye and towards the affected eye. (wikipedia.org)
• The pupil dilates to observe distant objects, and constricts to regard near objects. (derangedphysiology.com)
• This dilates (widens) the pupil so that it does not react (narrow) when your doctor shines an examination light into your eye. (genericdoctor.com)
• Atropine Sulfate dilates your pet's pupils prior to eye examinations. (vetdepot.com)

Drops11

• In most cases, you will be given eye drops to widen (dilate) your pupil. (medlineplus.gov)
• Usually dilating drops are used to temporarily enlarge the pupil so the internal eye structures can be viewed. (ferris.edu)
• The lights and drops do not cause any damage but are occasionally uncomfortable and resisted by children. (ferris.edu)
• If there is still any doubt, the doctor may order dilating eye drops for detailed examination. (bangkokhospital.com)
• The pupils will be dilated with drops for this examination. (drugpatentwatch.com)
• The pupils are dilated with eye drops to allow examination and photography of the back of the eye. (drugpatentwatch.com)
• With respect to drug use and the use of eye drops for eye examination, the effects gradually disappear. (barraquer.com)
• Using eye drops to dilate or enlarge the pupil to obtain a better view of the fundus of the eye. (uky.edu)
• Add this statement if applicable ) Eye drops will be needed to make the pupils larger. (chop.edu)
• Glare and halos can also occur in people whose pupils are widely dilated (for example, those who have been given eye drops for an examination). (merckmanuals.com)
• Otherwise, people should take precautionary measures, such as minimizing driving at night or after receiving eye drops for an examination and avoiding looking directly at oncoming headlights while driving. (merckmanuals.com)

Bilaterally2

• Pupils were 5 mm equal bilaterally with a sluggish reaction to light. (cdc.gov)
• Pupils were bilaterally dilated, sluggishly reacting and there was evidence of relative afferent pupillary defect. (pediatriconcall.com)

Relative affere4

• The swinging-flashlight test, also known as the swinging light test, is used in medical examinations to identify a relative afferent pupillary defect. (wikipedia.org)
• This response is a relative afferent pupillary defect (or Marcus Gunn pupil). (wikipedia.org)
• Decreased pupillary light reaction in the affected eye: A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) or Marcus Gunn pupil commonly is observed. (medscape.com)
• A grade 3+ relative afferent pupillary defect was present in the right pupil. (consultant360.com)

Dilate the pupil1

• Mydriacyl (for the eyes) is used to dilate the pupil for an eye examination or other diagnostic procedure. (genericdoctor.com)

Widen3

• the smaller pupil is unable to widen. (merckmanuals.com)
• Tropicamide is a prescription medication used to dilate (widen) the pupil and prevent the eye from focusing. (rxwiki.com)
• Typically, the pupils dilate, or widen, in response to low light so they can collect more light. (healthline.com)

Reflexes2

• Pupillary light reflexes were absent in the right eye due to the recent administration of atropine and were present in the left eye. (rvc.ac.uk)
• Peripheral nerve function is evaluated by assessing proprioception, deep tendon reflexes, motor strength, postural stability (Romberg test), and cutaneous sensitivity to vibration, light touch, and pin prick (Fiedler 2007). (cdc.gov)

Constrict5

• Pupils get larger (dilate) in dim light and smaller (constrict) in bright light. (merckmanuals.com)
• Often, the larger pupil is unable to constrict normally. (merckmanuals.com)
• The pupils consensually constrict in the presence of light, and rapidly re-dilate when the light source is removed. (derangedphysiology.com)
• Normally, with swinging light, the pupils of both eyes will constrict whenever light is directed at either pupil. (derangedphysiology.com)
• The opposite of mydriasis is when pupils constrict and get smaller. (healthline.com)

Neurologic Examination4

• The neurologic examination begins the moment the veterinarian first sees the patient. (merckvetmanual.com)
• Many parts of the neurologic examination cannot be carried out in a comatose or sedated patient. (merckvetmanual.com)
• His chest was clear and neurologic examination was normal. (hindawi.com)
• Neuroimaging is not necessary in patients with a history of recurrent migraine headaches and a normal neurologic examination. (medscape.com)

Ocular4

• The remainder of his ocular examination, including anterior segment and fundus, was normal. (medscape.com)
• Ocular and Systemic Health Screening - Bright lights and magnifying instruments are used to view the different structures of the eyes and supporting tissues. (ferris.edu)
• Abnormalities of ocular innervation and motility are only easily detected by distant examination. (vin.com)
• On ocular examination, perception of light (PL) was present but projection of rays (PR) was absent. (pediatriconcall.com)

GLAUCOMA1

• Inflammation of the iris (iritis) and certain types of glaucoma cause unequal pupils, but this finding is usually overshadowed by severe eye pain. (merckmanuals.com)

Medical examinations1

• According to the DoD 6.055.05-Occupational Medical Examinations and Surveillance Manual, laser workers are considered to be at a high risk of accidental exposure due to their continuous involvement with a laser system. (af.mil)

Iris3

• The cornea is the clear covering on the front of the eye that is in front of the iris, pupil, and angle. (medlineplus.gov)
• The pupil is the black hole located in the centre of the iris, the part that gives colour to the eye. (barraquer.com)
• Injury to the eye, such as blunt force trauma, may damage the nerves controlling the pupils or the iris, the pigmented part of your eye. (healthline.com)

Blown pupil1

• Mydriasis caused by traumatic brain injury is sometimes called a "blown pupil. (healthline.com)

Lens5

• The optimal instrument for examination of the lens, however, is a slit-lamp biomicroscope. (vin.com)
• Atropine Sulfate is an anti-muscarinic and works by blocking receptors in the eye muscles that are involved in controlling the shape of the lens and the size of the pupils. (vetdepot.com)
• When the pupil is widely dilated, light is able to pass through the peripheral part of the lens of the eye, where it is bent differently from light passing through the more central parts of the lens and therefore causes glare. (merckmanuals.com)
• Routine eye examinations usually involve the use of a bulky spectacle frame into which different lens combinations are mechanically switched and adjusted with wheels until the patient can see clearly. (optics.org)
• The diameter of the pupil decreases according to age, with subsequent reduction in the light transmitted by the lens. (cdc.gov)

Findings2

• The remainder of the examination findings were unremarkable. (consultant360.com)
• This was less likely with our patient, since she had no fever and lacked the typical examination findings associated with orbital cellulitis (periorbital edema, erythema, and tenderness). (consultant360.com)

Consensually1

• The opposite pupil also constricts consensually. (wikipedia.org)

Ophthalmologist2

• If the pupils are dilated and do not contract when exposed to light, it is necessary to go to the ophthalmologist so that he/she can carry out a complete examination, determine its causes and establish the most appropriate treatment. (barraquer.com)
• PVD is diagnosed by a comprehensive eye examination with an optometrist or ophthalmologist. (mdfoundation.com.au)

Fundus4

• Initial examination is performed by directing light into the eye to allow the reflex from the fundus (retroillumination). (vin.com)
• Further examination of the intraocular structures and fundus was not possible. (rvc.ac.uk)
• Dilated fundus examination. (uky.edu)
• The participant has a significant media opacity or other obstruction precluding a complete fundus examination including retinal photography. (nih.gov)

Reactivity1

• This important topic has come up in Question 5 from the first paper of 2007, which asked about pupil reactivity and diameter in the context of coma. (derangedphysiology.com)

Intraocular structures1

• This lecture is restricted to examination of intraocular structures. (vin.com)

Optic nerve is damaged1

• Either the tested optic nerve is damaged and light is not registering in the midbrain, or the midbrain is massively damaged. (derangedphysiology.com)

Fluorescein1

• This procedure is similar to fluorescein angiography, but uses a green dye and flashes an invisible light. (drugpatentwatch.com)

Unequal6

• Unequal pupil size is called anisocoria. (merckmanuals.com)
• If pupil sizes are very unequal, a person may notice the discrepancy. (merckmanuals.com)
• More often, unequal pupils are noticed only during a doctor's examination. (merckmanuals.com)
• Unequal pupils themselves usually cause no symptoms, but occasionally a person may have trouble focusing on near objects. (merckmanuals.com)
• These more noticeable symptoms are often the reason people seek medical care rather than the unequal pupils. (merckmanuals.com)
• Eye disorders that cause unequal pupils include birth defects and eye injury. (merckmanuals.com)

Atropine1

• Atropine is a prescription pet medication that is used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupils and as a cycloplegic to help control pain associated with corneal or uveal disease. (vetdepot.com)

React1

• In such people, both pupils react normally to light and darkness and there are no symptoms. (merckmanuals.com)

Abnormally1

• They can help you determine the underlying cause of abnormally appearing pupils. (healthline.com)

Cranial Nerve1

• This is where the money is, as far as the ICU cranial nerve examination is concerned. (derangedphysiology.com)

Normal9

• Results of her head, neck, and throat examinations were normal. (cdc.gov)
• On physical examination, cardiopulmonary examination was normal and neither lymphadenopathy nor hepatosplenomegaly was observed. (hindawi.com)
• On initial examination, she was afebrile with normal vital signs. (neurology.org)
• After your pupils have been dilated, it's normal for your eyes to be blurry and sensitive to light for a few hours. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• Recovery of normal pupil function may take up to 24 hours. (rxwiki.com)
• Stopping these medications should return your pupils to normal. (healthline.com)
• This can disrupt the normal response pupils have to levels of light in the environment. (healthline.com)
• On physical examination, the patient's vital signs were within normal limits. (consultant360.com)
• In normal conditions, the amount of light available is sufficient. (cdc.gov)

Cornea1

• Examination of the left eye was unremarkable except for a axial oval-shaped superficial stromal crystalline deposits within the cornea. (rvc.ac.uk)

Equally1

• Usually both pupils are about the same size and respond to light equally. (merckmanuals.com)

Nervous system2

• Thus, people with nervous system disorders that affect the pupil often also have a drooping eyelid, double vision, and/or visibly misaligned eyes. (merckmanuals.com)
• While BEUM is not a dangerous condition, a complete examination of the eye and nervous system is necessary to ensure there is not a more serious cause. (healthline.com)

Stimulus1

• With rapid sequential light stimulus, the affected pupil will paradoxically dilate in response to light. (derangedphysiology.com)

Illumination1

• Optimal non-glare soft light for pupil and wound exams or powerful illumination from one small, super tough, 3-function flashlight for the EMS profess. (interstatearms.com)

Palsy2

• A physical examination revealed isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
• combined 3rd and 4th nerve palsy post-traumatic without pupil involvement. (mrcophth.com)

Symptoms1

• A number of other symptoms and problems can affect the eyes, including changes in the appearance of the eyes, color blindness, dry eyes, glare and halos, impaired depth perception, itchy eyes, light sensitivity, and night blindness. (merckmanuals.com)

Eyes5

• A special microscope and light that lets your provider see your eyes inside and out during a regular checkup. (uky.edu)
• Electroretinogram (ERG) to examine what happens to the eyes after a flash of bright light. (nih.gov)
• The eyes of some older people dilate slowly and take longer to adjust to low light. (merckmanuals.com)
• Pupils are the black circles in your eyes. (healthline.com)
• While your eyes are dilated, you'll have temporary eye sensitivity to bright light. (healthline.com)

Corneal1

• In its mildest form it results in pupil abnormalities but more severe consequences such as corneal scars have been observed with risk of vision loss. (lu.se)

Patient's2

• This was recommended by a previous memory care provider in 2018 after the patient's wife reported he was driving too fast and failing to stop safely at stop signs and red lights. (psychiatrist.com)
• The liquid crystal corrects the wavefront of light entering a patient's eye by modulating incident light. (optics.org)

Examine2

• Information from the history or examination may indicate the need to examine the child's visual perceptual skills. (ferris.edu)
• At any point during your appointment, a student, a resident or a fellow may examine you prior to examination by your eye care physician. (uky.edu)

Retinal3

• PUPIL The pupil is the window to the inner eye, through which light passes to reach retinal photoreceptors. (powtoon.com)
• Retinal photographs are commonly used as part of the eye examination. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• To achieve the same retinal performance, the old eye requires more light. (cdc.gov)

Extraocular movements1

• Examination demonstrated tetraplegia, facial diplegia with spared extraocular movements, and areflexia. (neurology.org)

Nerve3

• When your pupil is dilated, your eye doctor will look at the inside of your eye and the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
• Testing can also include an examination of the nerve and brain functions if tumors are suspected. (vetinfo.com)
• These pathways carry nerve impulses to the pupil and to the muscles that control the eye and eyelid. (merckmanuals.com)

Eyelid2

• Horner Syndrome Horner syndrome affects one side of the face, causing the eyelid to droop, the pupil to become small (constricted), and sweating to decrease. (merckmanuals.com)
• Horner syndrome refers to the combination of a constricted pupil, drooping eyelid, and loss of sweating around the affected eye. (merckmanuals.com)

Cataract1

• Moreover, pediatrician usually sends children with developmental delay or Down's Syndrome to undergo eye examination for cataract and other vision problems. (bangkokhospital.com)

Mydriatic1

• A doctor or optometrist will sometimes apply a substance called a mydriatic to your eye to dilate the pupils. (healthline.com)

Structures1

• the microscope providing 10-20 x enlargements enables visualisation of small structures, and the light source, which can be directed into the eye at different angles and with a slit-formed light beam. (vin.com)

Flashes4

• You may also notice flashes of light. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• You see this as short, small, flashes of light. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• The patient looks inside a large empty bowl and then a light flashes, first in the dark and then with a light turned on inside the bowl. (nih.gov)
• It is often combined with photopsias (uniform flashes of light) or visual hallucinations, which may take various shapes (see the images below). (medscape.com)

Blurry2

• The most frequent side effects of mydriasis are light sensitivity, photophobia or glare, blurry vision and trouble focussing on close objects. (barraquer.com)
• This may make your vision temporarily blurry and very sensitive to light. (chop.edu)

Physical examination revealed1

• The physical examination revealed blue eyelids of the left eye, paraplegia of the right leg, paresis of the left leg and arms. (who.int)

Temporarily1

• This would have made you temporarily sensitive to bright light. (cdc.gov)

Bright6

• If the larger pupil is abnormal, the difference between pupil sizes is greater in bright light. (merckmanuals.com)
• The pupil will stay apparently dilated, which may cause some discomfort in bright weather. (vin.com)
• The pupils change size depending on the lighting, measuring from 2 to 4 mm in bright light and from 4 to 8 mm in low light or darkness to increase the amount of light the eyeball receives, and also influence the ability to eye focus. (barraquer.com)
• You may find floaters are more obvious in bright light or on a sunny day. (mdfoundation.com.au)
• Protect animals from sunlight and bright light during and after use. (vetdepot.com)
• Some people experience glare (star bursts) or halos around bright lights, especially when driving at night. (merckmanuals.com)

Size4

• In dim room light, the examiner notes the size of the pupils. (wikipedia.org)
• The patient is asked to gaze into the distance, and the examiner swings the beam of a penlight back and forth from one pupil to the other, and observes the size of pupils and reaction in the eye that is lit. (wikipedia.org)
• Physiologic anisocoria is pupils that are naturally different in size. (merckmanuals.com)
• Pathologic disorders can alter the size, shape, and location of the pupil, as well as the way the pupil reacts to light and near-focus stimulation. (powtoon.com)

Chest1

• Examination of chest revealed bibasal fine crackles. (hindawi.com)

Muscles1

• The pupil works thanks to two muscles: the sphincter of the pupil, which closes it, and the dilator muscle of the pupil, which opens it. (barraquer.com)

Adnexa1

• Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. (aafp.org)