Evolve genes which encode proteins bacterial 16s gene rna ribosomal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Moreover, genetic and simple obesity share similar structural and functional features of dysbiosis, such as higher production of toxins with known potential to induce metabolic deteriorations (e.g. trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoxyl sulphate), higher abundance of genomes containing genes coding enzymes involved in the production of these toxic co-metabolites and higher abundance of pathways for biosynthesis of bacterial antigens (such as endotoxin) [13-15]. (deepdyve.com)
We validated the algorithm's predictions by characterizing 646 genetic system variants, encoded in plasmids and genomes, expressed in six gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial hosts. (omictools.com)
We identify a set of 2,882 core genes clusters based on 73 publicly available Salmonella enterica genomes and evaluate their value as typing targets, comparing whole genome typing and traditional methods such as 16S and MLST. (biomedcentral.com)
Rapid and reliable sub-typing of bacterial pathogens is important for identification of outbreaks and monitoring of trends in order to establish population structure and to study the evolution among bacterial genomes especially within and between the outbreak strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Today, the most widely used typing methods for bacterial genomes include multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and multilocus variable-number of tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). (biomedcentral.com)
Conserved genes are present across bacterial genomes of the same species (or genus). (biomedcentral.com)
A fraction of these genes--those conserved in all (or most) of the genomes of a given bacterial taxonomic group--is called the 'core-genome' of that group. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently there are more than a hundred bacterial species for which sufficient genomic data are available to estimate the species core-genome (that is, there are at least three genomes sequenced from the same species) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we analyzed all genes from sequenced plastid genomes to unearth any neglected cases of HGT and to obtain a measure of the overall extent of HGT to the plastid. (biomedcentral.com)
Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes also contain numerous introns, some of which have been split such that the resulting gene fragments must be transcribed separately and then trans- spliced together [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant mitochondrial genomes contain genes for their own rRNA subunits as well as for some of the ribosomal proteins and tRNAs required for translation (Figure 1 ), but many necessary ribosomal protein and tRNA genes are located in the nuclear genome, so their gene products must be imported into the mitochondrion [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
13) The combined genetic contributions of these microbes - in excess of 1,000,000 protein-coding genes - provide traits not encoded in our own genomes. (mpkb.org)
The genomes' seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we designed a set of PCR primers for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequence based on 64 complete mitochondrial genomes and then tested their efficacy. (lookformedical.com)
Alignment of sequences was performed for the excised mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences, and conserved regions were identified for all 64 mitochondrial genomes. (lookformedical.com)
The Illumina sequences were assembled, predicted to genes and functionally annotated, and then classified by querying protein sequences of the genes against the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. (animbiosci.org)
Nowadays, the production of full Wolbachia genomes does not require the physical isolation of the bacterial strains from their respective hosts, and the bacterium is often sequenced as a by-catch of host genomic projects. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we describe how to identify protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes using the MacSyFinder program. (bvsalud.org)

NDM (0.9% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) was the most common carbapenemase gene, followed by OXA-58 (0.84% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes). (biomedcentral.com)
Among the investigated mobile genetic elements, class 1 integrons (11% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) were the most abundant. (biomedcentral.com)
7 ] undertook the first metagenome-based community characterization on amplified 16S rRNA genes. (biomedcentral.com)

They used a gene that encodes for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in bacteria to characterize the nucleotide sequence of the bacillus from a patient with Whipple disease. (medscape.com)
Neither approach relies on the host-bacteria being cultivable, but both largely lack the ability to differentiate between mobilized and non-mobilized genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral replication leads to the host entering an immune-compromised state, evolving towards subsequent bacteraemia by opportunistic bacteria. (nature.com)
Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA support close relationships between the Gammaproteobacteria Sodalis glossinidius, a tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) symbiont, and bacteria infecting diverse insect orders. (a-inhibitor.com)
Surface-encoding PD-1 inhibiton genes varied in their phylogenetic resolution of Sodalis and related bacteria, suggesting conserved vs. host-specific roles. (a-inhibitor.com)
The application of outer membrane genes as markers for further delineating the systematics of recently diverged bacteria is discussed. (a-inhibitor.com)
The sheer number of non-human genes represented by the human microbiota - there are millions in our "extended genome" 2) compared to the nearly 23,000 in the human genome - implies we have just begun to fathom the full extent to which bacteria work to facilitate their own survival. (mpkb.org)
based methods for culturing bacteria have drastically underrepresented the size and diversity of bacterial populations. (mpkb.org)
9) According to Asher Mullard, "Between them [the bacteria in our bodies], they harbor millions of genes, compared with the paltry 20,000 estimated in the human genome. (mpkb.org)
Ribonucleoprotein сomplexes (RNP) are essential in all cellular life forms: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes and even in non-cellular infectious agent s - RNA viruses. (mdpi.com)
Specifically, tetracycline-speicific efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins are commonly employed by bacteria. (kenyon.edu)
Derived from tetracycline, glycylcyclines have added substituents that interfere with the mechanisms bacteria employ to resist tetracycline, including both the efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins. (kenyon.edu)
However, in obligatory intracellular bacteria, many genes involved in DNA recombination and repair along with the biosynthetic and metabolic genes are usually lost [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Parallel samples from 51 chronic wounds were studied using aerobic culturing and 16S DNA sequencing for the identification of bacteria. (lookformedical.com)

Environmental sequences of ten novel plastid lineages and structural innovations in plastid proteins confirm that plastids in apicomplexans and their relatives are widespread and share a common, photosynthetic origin. (elifesciences.org)
Summary: Comparative genomics remains a pivotal strategy to study the evolution of gene organization, and this primacy is reinforced by the growing number of full genome sequences available in public repositories. (omictools.com)
For the most variable core genes, the variance in amino acid sequences is higher than for the corresponding nucleotide sequences, suggesting that there is a positive selection towards mutations leading to amino acid changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our search relied primarily on phylogenetic analyses, but also involved scrutiny of each potential case (including generation of new gene sequences from phylogenetically relevant taxa) to rule out artifacts and various types of homoplasy. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the conspicuous characteristics featuring its hyperthermophilic adaptation are overrepresentation of purine bases in protein coding sequences, higher GC-content in tRNA/rRNA sequences, distinct synonymous codon usage, enhanced usage of aromatic and positively charged residues, and decreased frequencies of polar uncharged residues, as compared to those in mesophilic organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Pairwise comparison of 105 orthologous protein sequences shows a strong bias towards replacement of uncharged polar residues of mesophilic proteins by Lys/Arg, Tyr and some hydrophobic residues in their Nanoarchaeal orthologs. (biomedcentral.com)
Metagenomic sequencing showed that more than 85% of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes , indicating that the family Ruminococcaceae (46.5%), Rikenellaceae (11.3%), Lachnospiraceae (10.0%), and Bacteroidaceae (6.3%) were dominant gut microbes. (animbiosci.org)
Notably, for microbes with unknown rRNA sequences, EMBR-seq+ enables rapid iterations in probe design without requiring to start experiments from total RNA. (deylab.com)
The increased number of resulting protein sequences creates an opportunity to expand protein engineering, but also presents a challenge as many gene product molecular functions are poorly annotated. (gatech.edu)

The study also demonstrates that the microbiota of hospital wastewater can serve as a reservoir of novel resistance genes, including previously uncharacterized carbapenemases with the potential to spread further. (biomedcentral.com)
human microbiota The bacterial community in the human body. (mpkb.org)
Genes in the human microbiota far outnumber those in the human genome. (mpkb.org)

Moreover, it is well recognized that the excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can affect the relative proportions of gut microbial populations and foster bacterial resistance [24]. (deepdyve.com)
Through a clever multi-omics design, the authors were able to use three major types of integrated analyses to identify differences in encoded and expressed microbial functions that were involved in the BPA-degrading microbial community. (rsc.org)
7) The human gut alone contains on average: 40,000 bacterial species, 8) 9 million unique bacterial genes and 100 trillion microbial cells. (mpkb.org)
Unlike microbial studies, where analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence is standard, the best gene for metazoan metagenetics is less clear. (lookformedical.com)
Ruminants (foregut fermentors) benefit from microbial protein as well as the absorption of energy that is released by anaerobic microorganisms in the form of fermentation acids [ 2 ]. (animbiosci.org)
Further, in more complex microbial co-cultures between F. succinogenes strain UWB7 and anerobic fungi, EMBR-seq+ depleted both bacterial and fungal rRNA, with a 4-fold improvement in bacterial rRNA depletion compared to a commercial kit, thereby demonstrating that the method can be applied to non-model microbial mixtures. (deylab.com)

Bacterial identification and phylogenetic analysis were carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (bvsalud.org)
To further examine the evolutionary relationships of these Sodalis-like symbionts, phylogenetic trees were constructed for a subset of putative surface-encoding genes (i.e. ompA, spr, slyB, rcsF, ycfM, and ompC). (a-inhibitor.com)
This phylogenetic pattern could have arisen by either differential loss of old paralogues or the spread of one of these paralogues by horizontal gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

Colonization of the gut starts just after birth when pioneering species interact, through surface receptors, with gut cells to promote the expression of a specific set of host genes and favour the colonization of commensal microorganisms [6]. (deepdyve.com)
Numerous studies have confirmed that AIEC are enriched in humans with CD compared to healthy subjects and are often the dominant bacterial species present 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
The core genes--the genes that are conserved in all (or most) members of a genus or species--are potentially good candidates for investigating genomic variation in phylogeny and epidemiology. (biomedcentral.com)
Most, if not all of these transfers seem to be the result of a gene being transferred from the mitochondrial genome of one species to that of another. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial gene loss and functional transfer to the nucleus is an ongoing process in many lineages of plants, resulting in substantial variation across species in mitochondrial gene content. (biomedcentral.com)
The nuclear ribosomal repeats for the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S RNAs of two closely related Picea (spruce) species were characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization. (lookformedical.com)
While commercial kits target rRNA from common bacterial species, they are frequently inefficient when applied to divergent species, including those from environmental isolates. (deylab.com)
Therefore, we present EMBR-seq+, which requires fewer than ten oligonucleotides per rRNA by combining rRNA blocking primers with RNase H-mediated depletion to achieve rRNA removal efficiencies of up to 99% in diverse bacterial species. (deylab.com)
Advancements in DNA sequencing technologies, particularly next-generation sequencing, have accelerated the discovery of numerous genes from an extensive variety of species. (gatech.edu)

The genome has also experienced a major reduction in tRNA gene content, including loss of functional tRNAs of both native and chloroplast origin. (biomedcentral.com)
There are huge RNP complexes such as RNA viruses, vault complex, ribosome, spliceosome , heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles ( hnRNP ) and smaller ones: telomerase, replicase, RNase P, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases etc. (mdpi.com)
Performances of this new software were evaluated on CE-MS/MS data from nucleoside analyses of already well-described transfer RNA and total tRNA extract. (cnrs.fr)

This leads to accurate detection of both known and previously undescribed resistance genes in genomic and metagenomic sequence data. (biomedcentral.com)
CF27 exhibits a large number of genomic islands (mostly containing genes of unknown function), suggesting that a large number of genes has been acquired by horizontal gene transfer over time. (frontiersin.org)
Genomic variation within the core genome is useful for investigating molecular evolution and providing candidate genes for bacterial genome typing. (biomedcentral.com)
New genomic based methods such as polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) detect bacterial forms based on the presence of bacterial DNA or RNA. (mpkb.org)
Bacterial DNA could be separated from host DNA based on genomic size. (bvsalud.org)
In this chapter, we describe a complete pipeline of analysis, starting from (i) the integration of information from a reference set of experimentally studied systems, (ii) the identification of conserved proteins and the construction of their HMM protein profiles, (iii) the definition and optimization of "macsy-models," and (iv) their use and online distribution as tools to search genomic data for secretion systems of interest. (bvsalud.org)

Technological advances in high throughput genome sequencing are making whole genome sequencing (WGS) available as a routine tool for bacterial typing. (biomedcentral.com)

Ribonucleoprotein сomplexes consist of ribonucleic acid s and RNA-binding protein s. (mdpi.com)

In vitro analysis revealed that a putative switch-protein kinase regulator, RsbW, is capable of interacting directly with σ 66 , as well as phosphorylating its own antagonist, RsbV1, rendering it inactive. (plos.org)
Two genes encoding putative internalin proteins were chosen for further study. (omictools.com)

In mammals, herbivores such as cattle depend on their rumen microbiome to convert cellulose into proteins, short chain fatty acids, and gases. (wikipedia.org)
Further, with advancing technologies, microbiome studies are shifting beyond the examination of the 16S rRNA gene, to include whole metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing, as well as metabolome characterisation. (bmj.com)
In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)
In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)

A model is proposed where the relative levels of active antagonist (RsbV1) and switch-protein anti-sigma factor (RsbW) control the availability of σ 66 and subsequently act as a molecular 'throttle' for Chlamydia growth and development. (plos.org)
This study compares the results of aerobic culturing and molecular testing (culture-free 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing), and it examines the relative abundance score that is generated by the molecular test and the usefulness of the relative abundance score in predicting the likelihood that the same organism would be detected by culture. (lookformedical.com)
Protein secretion systems are complex molecular machineries that translocate proteins through the outer membrane and sometimes through multiple other barriers. (bvsalud.org)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)

Bacterial mRNA sequencing is inefficient due to the abundance of ribosomal RNA that is challenging to deplete. (deylab.com)
Such subcellular spatial transcriptomics (henceforth "SST") technologies provide not only the transcript abundance of each gene in a cell, but they also provide the precise subcellular locations of those transcripts, thus materializing a true spatial map of the transcriptome. (gatech.edu)

Genome-wide transcript analysis showed that B. anthracis undergoes considerable changes in gene expression during growth in iron-depleted media, including the regulation of known and candidate virulence factors. (omictools.com)
Thus, more of the genome content should be considered rather than just one or a few genes [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The genome contains the fewest genes of any angiosperm mitochondrial genome sequenced to date, with intact copies of only 25 of the 41 protein genes inferred to be present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. (biomedcentral.com)
1) "native" tRNAs encoded in the mitochondrial genome and inherited from the α-proteobacterial progenitor of mitochondria, 2) chloroplast-like tRNAs, which are also encoded in the mitochondrial genome but which were acquired by functional gene transfer from the chloroplast genome during land plant evolution, and 3) nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
This is critical because, while individual genes or genome fragments provide useful information on the metabolic potential of a community, in practice most biochemical transformations take place inside a cell, involving sets of genes structured in controlled pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Vol 63: Ribosomal DNA Sequence Heterogeneity Reflects Intraspecies Phylogenies and Predicts Genome Structure in Two Contrasting. (lookformedical.com)

The Caryophyllaceae represents one lineage that has experienced a particularly high rate of mitochondrial gene loss relative to other angiosperms. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest a markedly expanded role for nuclear gene products in the translation of mitochondrial genes in S. latifolia and raise the possibility of altered selective constraints operating on the mitochondrial translational apparatus in this lineage. (biomedcentral.com)

The significant conflict between eukaryotic phylogenies inferred from MATX and SSU rDNA data represents strong evidence that MATX paralogues have undergone horizontal gene transfer across the tree of eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that MATX entered the euglenid lineage in a single horizontal gene transfer event that took place after the secondary endosymbiotic origin of the euglenid chloroplast. (biomedcentral.com)

High throughput sequencing of amplified integron gene cassettes identified a novel functional variant of an IMP-type (proposed IMP-81) carbapenemase gene (eight aa substitutions) along with recently described novel resistance genes like sul4 and bla RSA1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Throughout immeasurable time, microorganisms evolved and accumulated remarkable physiological and functional heterogeneity, and now constitute the major reserve for genetic diversity on earth. (biomedcentral.com)
Being the oldest life form, prokaryotic microorganisms have evolved and accumulated remarkable physiological and functional diversity, thereby constituting the world's major reserve of genetic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene functional classification showed that most of enzyme-coding genes were related to cellulose digestion and amino acids metabolic pathways. (animbiosci.org)
The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)

As RNA post-transcriptional modifications are of growing interest, several methods were developed for their characterization. (cnrs.fr)

These complexes have important biological roles in replication of RNA viruses, cellular transcription and translation, post-transcriptional and post- translational modification and also regulation of these processes. (mdpi.com)
However, to our knowledge, no software is yet available for the untargeted identification of RNA post-transcriptional modifications from MS/MS data-dependent acquisitions. (cnrs.fr)

Creating sequence-expression-activity maps accelerates the optimization of many protein systems and allows previous measurements to quantitatively inform future designs. (omictools.com)
In addition, genes encoding 18S and, especially, 5S rRNA exhibit exceptional sequence divergence relative to other plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression also relies on extensive C-to-U (and sometimes U-to-C) RNA editing, in which substitution of specific pyrimidines in the mRNA sequence restores phylogenetically conserved codons [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple sequence alignments of MAT genes from a wide diversity of eukaryotes demonstrated a paralogue of MAT, named MATX, with distinctive features that are absent in all other eukaryotic MATs. (biomedcentral.com)
A critical component of employing ML for protein engineering is the development of a model that predicts the fitness of a protein given its sequence. (gatech.edu)
During Spring of 2023 I found that using a Multilayer Perceptron taking as input a PLM embedding of a mutated amino acid with a protein sequence can accurately predict protein function (Fig. 1). (gatech.edu)
For this, it identifies and clusters co-localized genes encoding proteins of secretion systems using sequence similarity search with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles. (bvsalud.org)

Most of the gut microorganisms reside in the large intestine, which contains an estimated 10 11-12 bacterial concentrations per gram of content ( Leser and Molbak, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)

Nutritional immunity functions to limit bacterial growth by sequestering essential nutrients and metals required for bacterial replication 22 . (nature.com)

The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)

Developing predictive models of multi-protein genetic systems to understand and optimize their behavior remains a combinatorial challenge, particularly when measurement throughput is limited. (omictools.com)
Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)

The tigecycline antibiotic is structurally very similar to minocycline and similarly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosome unit. (kenyon.edu)
The manner in which the molecule binds prevents amino-acyl tRNAs from binding to the A site of the ribosome and subsequently prevents peptide formation and bacterial growth. (kenyon.edu)
To increase the level of sample complexity, untargeted identification of several RNA modifications from 70S ribosome was achieved by the Nucleos'ID search following CE-MS/MS analysis. (cnrs.fr)

Positively charged amino acid residues are relatively abundant in the encoded gene-products of N. equitans and other hyperthermophiles, which is reflected in their isoelectric point distribution. (biomedcentral.com)

CF27-specific gene clusters which have been analyzed were expressed by both ferrous iron-grown and sulfur-attached cells, indicating that they are not pseudogenes and may play a role in both situations. (frontiersin.org)

Finally, efficient depletion of rRNA enabled systematic quantification of the reprogramming of the bacterial transcriptome when cultured in the presence of the anerobic fungi Anaeromyces robustus or Caecomyces churrovis. (deylab.com)

Our aim was to map the distribution of MAT/MATX genes within the Euglenida in order to more comprehensively characterize the evolutionary history of MATX. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, the conserved genes in general appear to evolve more slowly, and can be used for determining relationships among bacterial isolates [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
If these are obtained from isolates, the encoded information can be complemented by phenotypic assays and ecophysiological response experiments to provide insights into the factors that regulate the activity of these populations, in particular biogeochemical processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Of these proteins affected by virB, products of the two major outer membrane proteins (OMPs), Omp25 and Omp31, were expressed at decreased levels, implying that T4SS might affect the membrane properties of Brucella. (a-inhibitor.com)

A single new case, a bacterial rpl36 gene transferred into the ancestor of the cryptophyte and haptophyte plastids, appears to be a true HGT event. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, this rpl36 gene is a distantly related paralog of the rpl36 type found in other plastids and most eubacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The plastid acquisition of a bacterial rpl36 gene via HGT provides the first strong evidence for a sister-group relationship between haptophyte and cryptophyte plastids to the exclusion of heterokont and alveolate plastids. (biomedcentral.com)

protein differences between a virB mutant and its parental strain using comparative proteomic analysis (Wang et al. (a-inhibitor.com)

Isolated bacterial strains were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests. (bvsalud.org)
It is, thus, plausible that hospital wastewaters could provide opportunities to find novel carbapenemases and other resistance genes not yet described in clinical strains. (biomedcentral.com)

This study provides evidence that a switch-protein kinase regulatory network controls availability of σ 66 , the main sigma subunit for transcription in Chlamydia . (plos.org)
Representative σ 66 -dependent gene transcription was repressed in the absence of rsbV1 or upon increased expression of RsbW, and increased upon elevated expression of RsbV1. (plos.org)
Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor E2F6, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1.6 (PRC1.6), is critical to target and initiate epigenetic silencing at germline genes in early embryogenesis. (cnrs.fr)

2007). Virulence regulation systems, exemplified by VjbR and BvrR/BvrS, regulate the expression of membrane proteins. (a-inhibitor.com)

According to a recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimate, 90% of cells in the human body are bacterial, fungal, or otherwise non-human. (mpkb.org)

The obvious next step is to integrate this information and learn how genes, proteins, and/or epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of a disease in context of the system. (rsc.org)
Our findings elucidate the mechanisms of epigenetic targeting of germline genes and provide a paradigm for how transient repression signals by DNA-binding factors in early embryonic cells are translated into long-term epigenetic silencing during mouse development. (cnrs.fr)

With the ability to profile gene expression at cellular resolution, we are able to significantly increase our understanding of cell types and cell states within different complex biological systems. (gatech.edu)
Protein language models (PLM) have been found to generate state-of-the-art representations of biological properties and achieve impressive prediction performance in protein prediction related tasks [4]. (gatech.edu)

This suggests that gene replacement somehow occurred by recombination at the very ends of rpl36 , without the level and length of similarity normally expected to support recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
Divergence in one region of 18S rRNA appears to be the result of a gene conversion event, in which recombination with a homologous gene of chloroplast origin led to the complete replacement of a helix in this ribosomal RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of the limited separation resolution of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), only a small part of the proteins could be isolated and identified. (a-inhibitor.com)

For example, translation of mitochondrially-encoded genes requires a mix of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded components. (biomedcentral.com)
Five major nuclear ribosomal repeats represent a large and variable fr by Michael S. Bobola, Dirk E. Smith et al. (lookformedical.com)

Further, to gain deeper insights into the methylation and demethylation turnover dynamics, we extended Dyad-seq to quantify all combinations of 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at individual CpG dyads to show that TET proteins preferentially hydroxymethylate only one of the two 5mC sites in a symmetrically methylated CpG dyad rather than sequentially convert both 5mC to 5hmC. (deylab.com)

The review also outlines the vast applications of UBPs as novel information storage components as well as in creation of semi-synthetic organisms expressing non canonical amino acids, high affinity aptamer generation, PCR based diagnostics and sitespecific labelling of RNAs. (fortuneonline.org)

HMM accurately predicts the gene fragments belonging to specific gene classes, based on evolutionarily conserved domains [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As observed more broadly in angiosperms, ribosomal proteins have been especially prone to gene loss in the S. latifolia lineage. (biomedcentral.com)

Shotgun metagenomics revealed a total of 112 different mobile antibiotic resistance gene types, conferring resistance against almost all classes of antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
[12] Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. (wikipedia.org)

As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)

Protein engineering holds great promise for a wide range of human endeavors, such as the development of therapeutics drugs and gene editing, through producing protein variants that enhance the original function or are entirely novel [1]. (gatech.edu)

The origin of the MATX paralogue is unclear, and it cannot be excluded that it arose by a gene duplication event before the most recent common ancestor of eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

Microbes form most of the world's biomass: there are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a milliliter (gram) of fresh water. (mpkb.org)

The traits potentially attributable to the symbiotic/parasitic life-style of the organism include the presence of apparently weak translational selection in synonymous codon usage and a marked heterogeneity in membrane-associated proteins, which may be important for N. equitans to interact with the host and hence, may help the organism to adapt to the strictly host-associated life style. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms25

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes75

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Geographicals1

Genomes19

RRNA genes3

Bacteria14

Sequences9

Microbiota3

Microbial6

Phylogenetic3

Species9

TRNA3

Genomic6

Whole-genome1

Ribonucleic acid1

Putative2

Microbiome4

Molecular3

Intracellular1

Abundance2

Genome6

Mitochondrial2

Horizontal gene tra2

Functional5

Characterization1

Post-transcriptional2

Sequence7

Microorganisms1

Replication1

MRNA1

Genetic2

Ribosome3

Abundant1

Clusters1

Transcriptome1

Characterize1

Isolates2

Outer membrane1

Plastids3

Strain1

Strains2

Transcription3

Virulence1

Fungal1

Epigenetic2

Biological2

Recombination2

Electrophoresis1

Nuclear2

Preferentially1

Amino acids1

Fragments1

Prone1

Antibiotics2

Infections1

Variants1

Common ancestor1

Gram1

Heterogeneity1