Evolutionary somatic cells cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our studies demonstrate that Cdc6, Cdt1 and Mcm2 play a central role in coordinating growth during the proliferation-differentiation switch in somatic self-renewing systems and that Cdc6 expression is rate-limiting for acquisition of replication competence in primary oocytes. (dundee.ac.uk)
Constitutional PV's in the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) result in constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway through deregulation of β-catenin, causing downstream effects on proliferation and differentiation within colonic crypts. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
To do this, we develop genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for signaling events of interest and use long-term live-cell microscopy and cell tracking to quantify the dynamics of upstream signals and link them to cell fate (proliferation, quiescence, apoptosis, differentiation). (colorado.edu)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

Normally the balance between proliferation and programmed cell death, in the form of apoptosis, is maintained to ensure the integrity of tissues and organs. (quantitative-biology.org)
AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
DHX15 silencing greatly inhibited leukemia cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and G1-phase arrest. (oncotarget.com)
In contrast, the restoration of DHX15 expression rescued cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
overexpression of DHX15 caused dramatic resistance to ATO-induced cell apoptosis, suggesting an important role for DHX15 in cell apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Therefore, in healthy individuals self-immunogenic T cells are targeted for apoptosis, while those yielding mild affinity to the MHC are released into the periphery for circulation ( 5 ). (biorxiv.org)
Exploring the contextual sensitivity of factors that determine cell-to-cell variability in receptor-mediated apoptosis. (colorado.edu)
Measuring and modeling apoptosis in single cells. (colorado.edu)
Non-genetic origins of cell-to-cell variability in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (colorado.edu)
Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Some tissues express specialized genes (like muscle cells) and so if there is damage to these tissues, the genes become downregulated and the proliferation genes are unregulated. (wikipedia.org)
These studies reveal that recurrent somatic mutations occur in only a handful of genes, with an overall mutational burden of roughly 1-2 per Mb. (springer.com)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
We identified 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 13 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes, in CCA tissues as regulatory T cells were significantly higher and the proportions of activated natural killer cells and monocytes were significantly lower in CCA tissues than the precancerous tissues. (aging-us.com)

Specifically, Morgan wanted epimorphosis to specify the process of entirely new tissues being regrown from an amputation or similar injury, with morphallaxis being coined to describe regeneration that did not use cell proliferation, such as in hydra. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, ORs were recently shown to be expressed in many nonolfactory tissues and cells, indicating that these receptors have physiological and pathophysiological roles beyond olfaction. (bmbreports.org)
Many ORs are expressed by tumor cells and tissues, suggesting that they may be associated with cancer progression or may be cancer biomarkers. (bmbreports.org)
Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a variety of circumstances. (quantitative-biology.org)
One of the aims of systems biology is to model and discover emergent properties, properties of cells, tissues and organisms functioning as a system whose theoretical description is only possible using techniques of systems biology. (quantitative-biology.org)
However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and hematologic malignant disease which is characterized by infiltration of the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues by proliferative, clonal, abnormally differentiated, and occasionally poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CCA patients with a higher proportion of neutrophils and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and lower proportion of CD8 + T cells in the tumor tissues are associated with poor prognosis [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
However, only limited types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been analyzed in CCA tissues and the mechanisms regulating the tumor infiltration of immune cells are poorly understood. (aging-us.com)
Recent studies demonstrate that somatic mutations in the tumor tissues influence immunotherapeutic response in several cancers [ 6 , 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The presence of serglycin in cells has been associated with the storage and retention of multiple proteases and hormones in cells of endothelial and hematopoietic origin, suggesting its importance in secretory functions across various tissues and cells. (edu.au)
The results of extensive study of MAIT cells coming from the laboratories of Constantinides and Legoux have established that MAIT cells require a community of microbiota to enable their development in the thymus and insure their expansion into specific tissues. (joessciencescorner.net)
In summary, the diagram below illustrates the intimate relationship that exists between the development and function of MAIT cells and the resident commensal microbiota on barrier tissues such as the skin. (joessciencescorner.net)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)

A single normal cell randomly acquires a series of mutations that allows it to proliferate and to be transformed into a cancer cell (i.e., founding clone), which initiates tumor progression and recurrence. (nature.com)
New somatic mutations arise and are selected if they confer a selective fitness advantage (e.g., proliferation, survival, etc.) to a founding clone in the context of a pre-existing genomic landscape (i.e., germline variants). (nature.com)
According to the prevailing accepted theory of carcinogenesis, the somatic mutation theory, mutations in DNA and epimutations that lead to cancer disrupt these orderly processes by disrupting the programming regulating the processes, upsetting the normal balance between proliferation and cell death. (quantitative-biology.org)
Somatic mutations can reduce or abolish the ability of immune cells to recognize neoantigens on the tumor cells [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
Some studies have reported that somatic mutations can influence immunotherapeutic outcomes [ 6 , 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
TP53 mutations are also associated with the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment [ 10 - 12 ]. (aging-us.com)

To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Molecular Biology of the Cell 24:2186-200. (colorado.edu)
Cancer research meets evolutionary biology. (colorado.edu)
Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
The new treatments wouldn't have been possible without fundamental discoveries in immunology, genetics, skin cell biology, and cell signaling. (harvard.edu)
The IMPRS "From Molecules to Organisms" provides excellent interdisciplinary training across the disciplines of structural, molecular, cellular and developmental biology as well as bioinformatics, genomics and evolutionary biology. (agristok.net)

We are interested in the population genetics and evolutionary genomics of adaptation , mainly by using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an experimentally tractable model. (unifr.ch)
The most relevant articles summarising existing knowledge on RCC genomics, including tumour cell evolution and progression, were selected for this review. (springer.com)

Epimorphosis is defined as the regeneration of a specific part of an organism in a way that involves extensive cell proliferation of somatic stem cells, dedifferentiation, and reformation, as well as blastema formation. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. (hindawi.com)
Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (MSCs) have a limited lifespan and stop proliferating during in vitro culture due to replicative senescence [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
DHX15 was highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells but was lowly expressed in mature blood cells. (oncotarget.com)
Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
The most remarkable function of TNFRSF4 is to enhance division, proliferation, survival and cytokine production of T cells by activating the pathways described above. (biomedcentral.com)
Liu Q , Lan T , Song Y , Cai J , Yu X , Chen W , . Oncostatin M expression and TP53 mutation status regulate tumor-infiltration of immune cells and survival outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma. (aging-us.com)
In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to analyze transcriptome data from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients in multiple datasets (Sun Yat-sen University, TCGA and GSE32225 cohorts) to identify mechanisms that regulate tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes. (aging-us.com)
The survival outcomes of CCA patients were associated with the TP53 gene mutation status, levels of Oncostatin M (OSM) expression, and the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and T follicular helper cells. (aging-us.com)
Our study demonstrates that OSM expression and TP53 mutation status regulate the tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes in CCA. (aging-us.com)
The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Our quantitative framework provides new insight into the evolutionary trajectories of human cancers and facilitates predictive measurements in individual tumors from widely available sequencing data. (nature.com)
The most common non-clear cell renal cancers have also undergone genomic profiling and are characterised by distinct genomic landscapes. (springer.com)
The somatic mutational landscape of the more common renal cancers is well known. (springer.com)
Correlation with outcome needs to be more comprehensively furnished, particularly for small renal masses, rarer non-clear cell renal cancers, and for all tumours undergoing targeted therapy. (springer.com)
This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
But for patients with metastatic melanoma-cancers that begin in melanin-producing skin cells then spread to other parts of the body-he could offer little help. (harvard.edu)
Trained immunity of natural killer (NK) cells has shown great potential in the treatment of cancers by eliciting enhanced effector responses to restimulation by cytokines or cancer cells for long time periods after preactivation. (cancerbiomed.org)

In addition, the inherited germline variants from these gene signatures were predominately enriched in T cell function, antigen presentation, and cytokine interactions, likely impairing the adaptive and innate immune response thus favoring a pro-tumorigenic environment. (nature.com)
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine secreted by differentiated histiocytic lymphoma cells [ 14 ]. (aging-us.com)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)

FLT3 ITD triggers the proliferation of the quiescent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool but fails to directly transform HSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Eph-ephrin regulates many downstream pathways that lead to physiological events such as cell migration, proliferation, and growth. (genominfo.org)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)

Eph and ephrin are membrane-bound and thus regulate cell-cell interaction, migration, partitioning, and cell adhesion [ 3 ]. (genominfo.org)
dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
As scaffolding molecules, they significantly regulate the DNA packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. (aging-us.com)

In a living organism, antibodies can be either present on the surface of a B cell (B-cell receptors) or in a soluble form in extracellular fluids. (naturalantibody.com)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, in humans, it appears that the frequency and localization of MAIT cells throughout the organism changes over a lifetime and is apparently diminished in the elderly population. (joessciencescorner.net)

The DNA replication (or origin) licensing system ensures precise duplication of the genome in each cell cycle and is a powerful regulator of cell proliferation in metazoa. (dundee.ac.uk)
We demonstrate the accuracy of our approach and the extent to which evolutionary dynamics are recorded in the genome. (nature.com)
Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)
At the organismal level, evolutionary distance is defined by genome-wide sequence homology between species. (frontiersin.org)
Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. (quantitative-biology.org)
Cancer is thought to be a multistep evolutionary process arising from a single cell, acquiring genomic alterations, which provide a fitness advantage ( 1, 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In this review, we consider what is currently known of the genetic landscape of the commonest subtypes of renal cell cancer (RCC). (springer.com)
However, seven were reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (genominfo.org)
Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
We seek to understand the sources and consequences of this heterogeneity in cellular response to stimuli such as growth factors, cell stress, and targeted cancer therapeutics. (colorado.edu)
Our long-term goal is to understand the normal mechanistic functioning of signaling pathways, to understand how these signals go awry in cancer, and eventually to alter the fate of individual cells. (colorado.edu)
Projects in the lab range from regulation of the cell cycle, to sensor and tool development, to more translational projects looking at the misregulated proliferation of cancer cells. (colorado.edu)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)

integrating an understanding of mechanisms into life history theory will be one of the most exciting tasks facing evolutionary biologists in the 21st century. (unifr.ch)
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Bernardo Reina San Martin is interested in the molecular mechanisms driving the diversification of the repertoire of B-cells, the cells of our immune system producing antibodies. (cerclefser.org)
Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)

Studies in yeast, Drosophila melanogaster and Xenopus laevis have characterised the molecular machinery that constitutes the licensing system, but it remains to be determined how this important evolutionary conserved pathway is regulated in Homo sapiens. (dundee.ac.uk)
Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
2009) Molecular Cell, 34:257-8. (colorado.edu)

Basal p21 controls population heterogeneity in cycling and quiescent cell-cycle states. (colorado.edu)

Modeling somatic evolution in tumorigenesis. (colorado.edu)

The adaptive immune system of a healthy adult includes up to 10 15 highly diverse T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs), a sub-class of tyrosine kinase, regulates numerous physiological events such as cell growth, division, metabolism, and motility. (genominfo.org)
In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
These are referred to as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and that these MAIT cells recognize and react to metabolites that are that are a byproduct of microbial metabolism. (joessciencescorner.net)

We have investigated regulation of the origin licensing factors Cdc6, Cdt1, Mcm2 and Geminin in human somatic and germ cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)

The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division. (quantitative-biology.org)

The key difference between the two forms of regeneration is that epimorphosis involves cellular proliferation and blastema formation, whereas morphallaxis does not. (wikipedia.org)
During regeneration, only cartilage cells can form new cartilage tissue, only muscle cells can form new muscle tissue, and so on. (wikipedia.org)
Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)

That proliferation is the default state is axiomatic for biologists studying unicellular organisms. (bsahely.com)

Yet even while asking the question, he knew why: He, along with some other oncologists, suspected that this deadly disease might be vanquished by training the immune system to attack tumor cells. (harvard.edu)

Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
Melanoma is a malignancy of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) located predominantly in the skin but also found in the eyes, ears, GI tract, leptomeninges, and oral and genital mucous membranes. (medscape.com)

The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

Epidermal cells at the wound margins migrate to cover the wound and will become the wound epidermis. (wikipedia.org)

However, still little is known about the genetic basis of variation and evolutionary changes in such fitness-related traits. (unifr.ch)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Non-genetic cell-to-cell variability and the consequences for pharmacology. (colorado.edu)

Using the Felidae family as a reference phylogeny, along with representative taxa from other families of Feliformia, the origin, proliferation and evolution of CanSINEs within the suborder were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
This results in uncontrolled cell division and the evolution of those cells by natural selection in the body. (quantitative-biology.org)
His research focuses on understanding the somatic evolution of brain tumours, enabling targeted therapeutic options for patients with limited tissue availability, and monitoring tumours with minimally invasive technologies. (epfl.ch)

Thomas Hunt Morgan, an evolutionary biologist who also worked with embryology, argued that limb and tissue reformation bore many similarities to embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)

At present, the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional variation of human γδ T cells are increasing. (explorationpub.com)

T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
Drs Constantinides Legoux and their colleagues have reported that commensal bacteria exert control of the development of MAIT cells in the thymus (the organ involved in the development and proliferation of T cells) and their subsequent expansion within mucosal tissue. (joessciencescorner.net)

It is hard to preserve the important characteristics such as proliferation capacity and stemness of MSCs the inadequate cultivating microenvironment in vitro . (hindawi.com)
Advances in immunotherapy have shed greater focus on the role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which are vital components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (aging-us.com)

Recognition of infected/transformed cells and their elimination depends strongly on the capacity of cytotoxic lymphocytes to release cytotoxic effector proteins Perforin and granzyme B. This process is known as the Granular death pathway, which has an essential role in Cytotoxic lymphocyte function and immune homeostasis since its deficiency is known to lead to pathologies related to immune misbalance, which are usually deadly to the host. (edu.au)
In the case of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, the presence of serglycin is central for the retention of cytotoxic effector proteins and the formation of dense-core secretory granules. (edu.au)
This project will focus on the study of the serglycin gene, the produced protein, and its modification in the hopes to better understand the motifs and interaction allows the retention and function of cytotoxic effector proteins in cytotoxic T cells. (edu.au)

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)

2013) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. (colorado.edu)

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)

[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)

this means the cells under the AEC (including bone, cartilage, fibroblast cells, etc) dedifferentiate and become separated mesenchymal cells that form the blastema. (wikipedia.org)

Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)

Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
Knockdown of DHX15 inhibited the nuclear translocation and activation of the NF-kB subunit P65 in leukemia cells. (oncotarget.com)
While the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 ( NFAT2 , NFATC1 ) is overexpressed in AML, it is unknown whether it plays a role in FLT3 ITD -induced HSC transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
One such TF is the nuclear factor of activated T-cells ( NFAT ). (biomedcentral.com)

Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)

However, the temporal evolutionary dynamics that produce tumor subclones remain unknown. (nature.com)

Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Similar to αβ T cells, γδ T cells also develop in embryos, and their intra-thymic development shows strict regulation and flexible plasticity [ 2 ]. (explorationpub.com)

A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)

2022. Jonathan Elegheert and his team investigate how neuronal cells in the brain make contacts and communicate with each other. (cerclefser.org)

The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4), as known as OX40 or CD134 is expressed primarily on activated T cells [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)

Several recent studies point to an even broader range of activity for MAIT cells including: the control of bacterial, fungal and viral infections, a role in autoimmune disease and possible involvement in the immune processes involved in attacking the proliferation of tumor cells. (joessciencescorner.net)

In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

Proliferation is initiated via recognition of promoter boxes residing in the tRNA-related region of the genomic "master-copy" by host-derived RNA polymerase III and eventually results in novel retrotransposed copies [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)

All of these factors contribute to shaping the TCRβ repertoire, and understanding their interplay has important implications for the use of T cells for therapeutics and diagnostics. (biorxiv.org)

Thus, these cells are capable of entering a proliferative state. (msdmanuals.com)

He and his team are stuyding the protein kinase Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) which has an evolutionary conserved role in the integration. (cerclefser.org)

This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
Although gene duplicability has been observed to differ by duplication mechanism and evolutionary rate, there is so far no broad characterization of its determinants. (bvsalud.org)

T cells make up a key component of the adaptive immune response and allow the body to respond to the diverse range of pathogens it may encounter. (biorxiv.org)
The function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells is important for the clearance of intracellular pathogens and malignantly transformed cells. (edu.au)

In vertebrates, epimorphosis relies on blastema formation to proliferate cells into the new tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Chemo-radio therapeutic outcomes are poor in CCA patients because the tumor is highly desmoplastic with fibrogenic connective tissue and immune cells such as T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages that infiltrate the tumor epithelium [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)

However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)

Anatomy52

Organisms16

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation11

Apoptosis15

Genes10

Tissues19

Mutations6

Biology6

Genomics2

Stem cells10

Survival7

Cancers7

Cytokine4

Hematopoietic1

Downstream2

Regulate3

Organism5

Genome7

Cancer17

Mechanisms7

Molecular3

Quiescent1

Tumorigenesis1

Adult2

Metabolism3

Germ2

Abnormal1

Regeneration3

Alterations1

Biologists1

Immune system1

Predominantly2

Follicular1

Epidermal1

Genetic3

Evolution3

Embryonic1

Variation1

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Effector3

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Proteins1

Temporal1

Regulation2

Populations1

20221

Receptor3

Processes involved1

Lineage1

Recognition2

Repertoire1

Proliferative1

Protein kinase1

Mechanism3

Pathogens2

Tissue5

Clinical2