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Evolution, MolecularPhylogenyDirected Molecular EvolutionSelection, GeneticMolecular Sequence DataCultural EvolutionModels, GeneticSpecies SpecificityGenetic VariationSequence Analysis, DNABase SequenceAmino Acid SequenceClonal EvolutionAdaptation, BiologicalSequence AlignmentMultigene FamilyPrimatesFossilsGenomeMutationEvolution, ChemicalHominidaeLikelihood FunctionsMammalsGene Transfer, HorizontalConserved SequenceSequence Homology, Amino AcidAdaptation, PhysiologicalGenetic SpeciationModels, BiologicalAngiospermsSyntenyGenome, BacterialSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidInvertebratesEukaryotaPseudogenesPan troglodytesGenomicsReproductionRecombination, GeneticGenetic DriftPlantsGenome, PlantChordata, NonvertebrateGenetic FitnessEvolution, PlanetaryIntronsComputational BiologyPhenotypeGenes, PlantFishesGenetics, PopulationComputer SimulationBayes TheoremGenes, DuplicateDrosophilaModels, MolecularBiogenesisChromosome MappingPolyploidyArthropodsCodonEcosystemProtein Structure, TertiaryGenes, InsectDNA, MitochondrialEukaryotic CellsDrosophila melanogasterBacteriaChordataTime FactorsDNA, PlantCloning, MolecularRetroelementsSymbiosisPaleontologySexual Behavior, AnimalReptilesAmino Acid SubstitutionProteinsEnvironmentMutation RateGenome, MitochondrialPolymorphism, GeneticEcologyGenome, ViralGame TheoryLizardsDNA Transposable ElementsGene OrderCluster AnalysisGeographyHybridization, GeneticPigmentationSequence HomologyGenome, InsectDinosaursAlgorithmsFlowers
PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTIONMechanismsCell BiologyPhysiologyPhylogeneticEpidemiologyBiochemistryConvergent evolutionSequencesGenetics and molecular biologyHomologousSpeciationPathwaysGenomicEcology and evolution2020GeneGenesAdaptationProteinSpeciesDifferencesBiologistsSystematicsPhylogenyPhysiologicalGenomesPhylogeniesMarkersAdaptive evolutionPatternsDevelopmentalAmino acidAnalysesPharmacologyContentVariationEcological and evolutionary questionsEvolutionary ecologyRepeatsProteinsBasisRecurrentNeutral theoryFormStrainsDiseaseClonal
PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION1
  • MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 45(1), 111–122. (ncsu.edu)
Mechanisms5
  • This interaction is proposed as one of the molecular mechanisms evolved by plants to modulate the timing of the developmental transition to flowering under fluctuating temperature conditions. (fmach.it)
  • This course cannot be included in the same degree as the course NBID64 Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling mechanisms. (liu.se)
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Poxvirus Evolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • lineage- specific expansion, especially by tandem duplication and segmental duplication among species, were the major mechanisms in the evolution of the JAZ protein family and generated several lineage-specific JAZ subfamilies in land plants. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • Taguchi, K , Motohashi, H & Yamamoto, M 2011, ' Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution ', Genes to Cells , vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 123-140. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell Biology2
  • Learn advanced techniques in genetics, cell biology, physiology and molecular biology, and work with faculty who are on the cutting edge of their fields in our new $95 million, 169,000-square-foot Biosciences Building, which opened in 2016. (cmich.edu)
  • Jennifer A. Doudna, Professor of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and 3D image reconstruction. (achievement.org)
Physiology1
  • Study at a Carnegie-classified doctoral research institution, which means we do advanced research in microbiology, cellular and molecular biology, physiology, developmental biology and genetics. (cmich.edu)
Phylogenetic5
  • There is little information on their evolution in Jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses in Jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the HA and NA genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. (who.int)
  • Molecular phylogenetic tree of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) family in humans. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Molecular phylogenetic tree of GHS-Ra and GHS-R1a-LR in nonmammalian vertebrates. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Using selected examples, the student will also evaluate evolutionary changes in molecular structure and function using phylogenetic methods. (liu.se)
  • [4] Molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2010 and 2012 found that the genus Cercomela was polyphyletic with five species, including the blackstart, phylogenetically nested within the genus Oenanthe . (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiology2
  • To assist the study, key references representative of several areas of research are provided with the intent to provide readers with a comprehensive view of recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of V. cholerae. (umd.edu)
  • We sought to reconstruct the epidemic transmission period by using a genomic epidemiology approach and determine evolution of the virus in the island. (cdc.gov)
Biochemistry3
  • The history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with comparative biochemistry, and the use of "fingerprinting" methods such as immune assays, gel electrophoresis, and paper chromatography in the 1950s to explore homologous proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the end of her Colorado fellowship in 1994, Doudna accepted an appointment as assistant professor in the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. (achievement.org)
  • November 8, 2015: Jennifer Doudna and her husband, Jamie H. D. Cate, a UC Berkeley Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Chemistry, attend the Breakthrough Prize ceremony in Mountain View, California. (achievement.org)
Convergent evolution4
  • case of convergent evolution. (bio.net)
  • So here's an example where sequence analysis really did seem to pick up convergent evolution, which I'm quite impressed by. (bio.net)
  • Cave animals have historically attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists because of their bizarre 'regressive' characters and convergent evolution. (usf.edu)
  • Recent technical developments involving 'next generation' DNA sequencing and theoretical developments in coalescent and population modelling are likely to revolutionize the field further, particularly in the study of speciation and the genetic basis of adaptation and convergent evolution within subterranean habitats. (usf.edu)
Sequences8
  • The advent of protein sequencing allowed molecular biologists to create phylogenies based on sequence comparison, and to use the differences between homologous sequences as a molecular clock to estimate the time since the last universal common ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the 1970s, nucleic acid sequencing allowed molecular evolution to reach beyond proteins to highly conserved ribosomal RNA sequences, the foundation of a reconceptualization of the early history of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the rate of evolution of a protein or gene were approximately the same in the evolutionary lineages leading to different species, proteins and DNA sequences would provide a molecular clock of evolution. (britannica.com)
  • The evolution of coding sequences and their protein products is most commonly studied by comparison of sequences from different species, with divergence times of millions of years. (nih.gov)
  • Comparison of sequences from tight genetic clusters of bacteria, with divergence times of years to decades, provides a very different perspective on protein evolution. (nih.gov)
  • The sequences presented here will provide much needed genomic resources for three distinct but overlapping fields of inquiry: neurobiology, speciation, and molecular evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Meiotic drive of selfish centromeres, or centromere drive, can explain the "centromere paradox": rapid evolution of both centromere DNA sequences and genes encoding centromere-binding proteins despite conserved centromere function in segregation. (nih.gov)
  • An advanced alignment tool bringing together algorithmic alignment of molecular sequences, with human editing. (amnh.org)
Genetics and molecular biology1
  • With the expansion of the application of molecular tools, it has become crucial that all biologists have a basic understanding of genetics and molecular biology. (bangor.ac.uk)
Homologous2
  • One conspicuous attribute of molecular evolution is that differences between homologous molecules can readily be quantified and expressed, as, for example, proportions of nucleotide s or amino acid s that have changed. (britannica.com)
  • Although most cell subtypes defined transcriptomically are conserved, we detected several that exist only in a subset of species as well as substantial species-specific molecular differences across homologous neuronal, glial, and non-neural subtypes. (mssm.edu)
Speciation4
  • Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, the evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report the development of expressed sequence tags (EST's) in an orthopteroid insect, a model for the study of neurobiology, speciation, and evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Significantly, phylogeographic studies have provided evidence for speciation and adaptive evolution within the confines of cave environments, questioning the assumption that cave species evolved directly from surface ancestors. (usf.edu)
  • The PhD project will examine the links between plant clonality and rates of diversification (i.e. speciation and extinction) and molecular evolution across the angiosperms. (stars-natur.cz)
Pathways2
  • Next-generation sequencing studies have identified mutations in major oncogenic pathways and tumor suppressors, which contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and have revealed insights into the clonal evolution of the disease, particularly along different lines of therapy. (nih.gov)
  • However, the complex reaction pathways and sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) impede the application of electrocatalytic water-splitting [3] . (researchsquare.com)
Genomic2
  • Identification of V. cholerae has been accomplished using a variety of methods, ranging from phenotypic strategies to DNA based molecular typing and currently whole genomic approaches. (umd.edu)
  • There is also an emerging understanding of the role genomic architectural changes play in shaping poxvirus evolution. (bvsalud.org)
Ecology and evolution3
  • The course takes advantage of the considerable research activity and expertise in molecular ecology and evolution within the School of Biological Sciences at Bangor. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • For students in ecology and evolution who want to learn the basics of molecular techniques to study wild species of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc. (lu.se)
  • The latest schedule for the course Molecular Ecology and Evolution in the schedule software TimeEdit. (lu.se)
20201
  • Molecular Ecology , third edition (2020) Freeland J., Wiley Blackwell. (lu.se)
Gene6
  • The enormous potential of the molecular evolutionary clock lies in the fact that each gene or protein is a separate clock. (britannica.com)
  • Each clock "ticks" at a different rate-the rate of evolution characteristic of a particular gene or protein-but each of the thousands and thousands of genes or proteins provides an independent measure of the same evolutionary events. (britannica.com)
  • All else being equal and assuming that mutations occur randomly throughout the genome, a gene whose functionality is easily changed by one or a few mutations is more likely to be involved in parallel evolution than a gene whose functionality is less likely to be affected [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolution of genes, gene families, and genomes and relation to their structure, function and history. (duke.edu)
  • The above molecular differences are also illustrated by expression of the neuropsychiatric risk gene FOXP2, which is human-specific in microglia and primate-specific in layer 4 granular neurons. (mssm.edu)
  • Disruptions in this gene are the molecular etiology of a subgroup of differences of sex development (DSD) in 46,XY patients. (qxmd.com)
Genes3
  • An example of repeated evolution in rice and Brassica illustrates how selection might preferentially target certain genes and mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meiotic drive impacts genetics, evolution, and fertility, as selfish elements distort transmission ratios of linked genes and allele frequencies in populations and manipulate gamete production. (nih.gov)
  • LOX genes expanded during metazoan evolution resulting in two superfamilies, LOXL2/L3/L4 and LOX/L1/L5. (nature.com)
Adaptation1
  • In contrast, such a molecular adaptation to aid in the refractive function of the lens did not occur in crystallins that are preferentially located in lower density lens tissues, such as vertebrate α-crystallin and taxon-specific crystallins. (nih.gov)
Protein2
  • Use of Predicted Amino Acid Sequence of Envelope-Nonstructural Protein 1 Region to Study Molecular Evolution of Epidemic-Causing Dengue-2 Strains. (who.int)
  • Molecular Evolution of Transcriptional Repressor JAZ Protein Family in Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2013, 48(6): 623-634. (chinbullbotany.com)
Species4
  • Because of chance, the number of molecular differences between two species may be larger or smaller than expected. (britannica.com)
  • Molecular markers useful in assessing genetic connectivity within populations of these octocorals are published in the journal Conservation Genetics Resources , and studies of genetic connectivity in these species are available in the journal Heredity, Marine Policy and PeerJ (see below). (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Recent interdisciplinary studies involving molecular functional experiments, genome-wide data, experimental evolution, and evolutionary ecology using Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, and other species show that the evolution of selfing is not merely a degradation of outcrossing traits but a model for studying the recurrent patterns underlying adaptive molecular evolution. (uzh.ch)
  • This thesis investigates species diversity and patterns of molecular evolution in Arachnida through DNA barcoding. (uoguelph.ca)
Differences1
  • These mutational tendencies can play an important role in evolution via bias in the introduction of variation (arrival bias), contributing to parallelism, trends, and differences in the navigability of adaptive landscapes. (wikipedia.org)
Biologists2
  • In the late 1960s, the neutral theory of molecular evolution provided a theoretical basis for the molecular clock, though both the clock and the neutral theory were controversial, since most evolutionary biologists held strongly to panselectionism, with natural selection as the only important cause of evolutionary change. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of this century's leading evolutionary biologists, Motoo Kimura revolutionized the field with his random drift theory of molecular evolution - the neutral theory - and his groundbreaking theoretical work in population genetics. (nhbs.com)
Systematics1
  • Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 46:593-622. (uzh.ch)
Phylogeny1
  • The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers. (ncsu.edu)
Physiological1
  • He integrates computational, behavioral, physiological, and molecular techniques to explore the neural genetics of vocal learning and the evolution of this complex behavior. (nih.gov)
Genomes2
  • The genetic bases of most shared adaptations are unknown, but the complexity of genomes suggests that similar phenotypes could have different molecular origins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we analyzed the temporal molecular evolutionary signal in our dataset by reconstructing time-calibrated phylogenies by using genomes annotated with date of sample collection based on year, month, and days for temporal precision. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenies1
  • The temporal signal of the ML trees and compatibility with molecular clock phylogenies were assessed with TempEst v1.5.3 ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Markers1
  • Eunicella verrucosa (pink sea fan) and Alcyonium digitatum (dead man's fingers) using molecular markers (microsatellites) over a range of geographical scales. (exeter.ac.uk)
Adaptive evolution1
Patterns2
  • The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally, the evolution of selfing is characterized by a loss of self-incompatibility, the selfing syndrome, and changes in genome-wide polymorphism patterns. (uzh.ch)
Developmental1
  • Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 316B(1), 61–75. (ncsu.edu)
Amino acid2
  • The second chapter explores nucleotide composition, indel occurrence, and rates of amino acid evolution in Arachnida. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Finally, rates of amino acid evolution were detected among the orders, and were negatively correlated with generation length, suggesting that generation time is a significant contributor to variation in molecular rates of evolution in arachnids. (uoguelph.ca)
Analyses2
  • Afin de remédier à ce problème et d'étudier les variations génétiques et antigéniques des virus A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2, nous avons procédé à des analyses génétiques et phylogénétiques des gènes de l'hémagglutinine (HA) et de la neuraminidase (NA) de ces virus, sur la période 2011-2013 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • You will learn how to use such methods, in the lab and in computer-based analyses, and to read scientific papers using molecular techniques. (lu.se)
Pharmacology1
  • She undertook graduate studies in biological chemistry and molecular pharmacology at Harvard Medical School. (achievement.org)
Content1
  • The content and structure of a genome is the product of the molecular and population genetic forces which act upon that genome. (wikipedia.org)
Variation2
  • Evolutionists have found that the amount of variation observed in the evolution of DNA and proteins is greater than is expected from a stochastic clock-in other words, the clock is erratic. (britannica.com)
  • Population Genetics, Molecular Evolution, and the Neutral Theory collects 57 of Kimura's most important papers and covers forty years of his diverse and original contributions to our understanding of how genetic variation affects evolutionary change. (nhbs.com)
Ecological and evolutionary questions1
  • For students in molecular biology who want to learn how molecular techniques can be applied to ecological and evolutionary questions in non-model organisms. (lu.se)
Evolutionary ecology1
  • Molecular DNA techniques are nowadays widely used and instrumental tools in a wide range of applications from conservation biology to evolutionary ecology. (lu.se)
Repeats1
Proteins4
  • Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. (wikipedia.org)
  • This lecture will describe how we use evolution-guided mutagenesis approaches to dissect and enhance the function of antiviral proteins. (nih.gov)
  • As shown elsewhere, in parallel evolution, both have evolved molecular refractive index increments 5-10% above those of most proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, centromere DNA and centromere proteins continually evolve in conflict with each other, analogous to a molecular arms race between viruses and the immune system. (nih.gov)
Basis3
  • The Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics and Evolution, led by Dr. Takashi Akera, uses mouse oocyte system to reveal both the cell biological basis and evolutionary consequences of meiotic drive, where selfish genetic elements violate Mendel's Law of Segregation to increase their own rate of transmission. (nih.gov)
  • Using mouse oocytes as a model, the laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics and Evolution, led by Dr. Takashi Akera focuses on both the cell biological basis and evolutionary consequences of meiotic drive. (nih.gov)
  • The Molecular Basis of 5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency. (qxmd.com)
Recurrent1
  • We are interested in understanding these "molecular arms races" and how they drive recurrent genetic innovation, from the perspective of both evolutionary biology and human disease. (nih.gov)
Neutral theory2
  • Kimura's neutral theory, first presented in 1968, challenged the notion that natural selection was the sole directive force in evolution. (nhbs.com)
  • Population Genetics, Molecular Evolution, and the Neutral Theory includes the seminal papers on the neutral theory, as well as many others that cover such topics as population structure, variable selection intensity, the genetics of quantitative characters, inbreeding systems, and reversibility of changes by random drift. (nhbs.com)
Form2
  • That biology depends on a set of molecular interactions that form the building blocks of life. (cmich.edu)
  • Ordered 3D stacks of these molecular cages form crystals. (innovations-report.com)
Strains3
  • ABSTRACT Understanding the genetic evolution of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses can help better select strains to be included in the annual influenza vaccine. (who.int)
  • Further, using a phylogenomic approach, we concluded that the majority of DR M.tb infections were due to recent transmission of already DR strains rather than repeated de novo evolution of resistance within patients. (nih.gov)
  • Mitigation strategies may be required to reduce selection for AMR in the environment reducing the probability of environmental transmission 11 and evolution of new resistant strains. (nature.com)
Disease1
  • Reconstruction of genetic changes that have occurred recently can elucidate the evolution of disease-causing and other important traits on a relatively short time scale (years or decades). (nih.gov)
Clonal1