Evolution chromosome duplication. Medical search. Frequent questions

From the standpoint of evolution, genes GFT2I and GTF2IRD2 have been proposed as key elements in human (and dog) domestication, and their disturbance may cause specific behavioral characteristics. (chromodisorder.org)
2007. Ohno's dilemma: Evolution of new genes under continuous selection. (asmblog.org)
Our findings are exciting because as well as shining a light on sturgeon and paddlefish genome evolution, they provide a comparative snapshot of how our early vertebrate ancestors genome and duplicated genes evolved after these doubling events. (sciencedaily.com)
These findings suggest a scenario where collisions between DNA replication and transcription are frequent, leading to increased genetic variability, as seen by the increase SNP levels at chromosome subtelomeres and in DGF-1 genes containing putative origins. (biomedcentral.com)
Both classes of ribosomal genes appeared to be spread out to multiple chromosomal locations, i.e. the 45S and 5S rDNA clusters were detected on six and seven chromosome pairs, respectively. (scielo.br)
It is thought that this is due to species differences in the organization of the Y chromosome, differences in the set of genes escaping X-inactivation, and the presence of species/lineage specific sex-linked genes with functions in development and reproduction. (pacb.com)
Conclusions: Access to the C. americana genome provides a roadmap for rapid discovery of genes encoding plant-derived agrichemicals and a key resource to understand the evolution of chemical diversity in Lamiaceae. (datadryad.org)
[3] After whole genome duplications many sets of additional genes are eventually lost, returning to singleton state. (ipfs.io)
Whole genome duplications are thought to be less detrimental than aneuploidy as the relative dosage of individual genes should be the same. (ipfs.io)
The team identified 1,215 blocks of genes that consistently occur on the same chromosome in the same order across all 32 genomes. (bionity.com)
The scientists found nine whole chromosomes, or chromosome fragments in the mammal ancestor whose order of genes is the same in modern birds' chromosomes. (bionity.com)
This remarkable finding shows the evolutionary stability of the order and orientation of genes on chromosomes over an extended evolutionary timeframe of more than 320 million years," Lewin says. (bionity.com)
Chromosome 4 has received attention primarily related to the search for the Huntington's disease gene, but also for genes associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and a form of muscular dystrophy. (embl.de)
These results provide a framework for continuing research on nos genes' roles, highlighting subfunctionalization and reciprocal loss of function that occurred in different lineages during vertebrate genome duplications. (nsf.gov)
Understanding whether novel genes lead to the origin and diversification of novel cell types, therefore, is of great importance in vertebrate evolution. (nsf.gov)
Following 3R-WGD, tandem and proximal duplications occurred, resulting in the acquisition of adaptive immunity genes. (edu.hk)
Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008(1): 26-33 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007(6): 517-21 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006(6): 583-91 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)

Multiple studies have found a correlation between the location of segmental duplications and regions of chromosomal instability. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison can be made between chromosomes that were positive by FISH and the chromosomal position using BLAST. (wikipedia.org)
This shows that segmental duplications are responsible for defining locations of chromosomal rearrangement within the human genome. (wikipedia.org)
However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
We also discuss the segregational model of karyotype evolution and the chromosomal model of homoploid hybrid speciation. (frontiersin.org)
If you already know about chromosomal evolution or do not care, jump directly to information on Drosera chromosome numbers. (carnivorousplants.org)
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification ) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution . (ipfs.io)
There were chromosomal fusions and fissions in the Anguilla lineage that reduced the ancestral proto-chromosome number from 25 to 19. (edu.hk)

While whole gene duplications and deletions are relatively well-studied, the biology of subexonic ( i.e. , within coding exon sequences), copy number variation remains elusive. (nature.com)
Chromosome 7q11.23 deletions and duplications cause different symptoms. (chromodisorder.org)
Both deletions and duplications of this segment are known to cause different disorders. (chromodisorder.org)
Aortic abnormalities are caused by deletions/duplications of the ELN gene. (chromodisorder.org)
Genome sequencing, array-based comparative genome analysis, and gene expression profiling revealed that during the course of evolution in fluconazole, the range of mutational and gene deregulation differences was distinctively different and broader in the hypermistranslating strain, including multiple chromosome duplications, partial chromosome deletions, and polyploidy. (tau.ac.il)
Alterations in chromosome structure - deficiencies/deletions, duplications, inversions and translocations. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
The only true Y chromosome structural rearrangements, reported so far, are large-scale ECAY deletions in 64,XY sex reversal mares (Raudsepp et al. (veteriankey.com)
Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants. (medlineplus.gov)

They have pinpointed a previously hidden 'whole genome duplication' (WGD) in the common ancestor of these species, which seemingly opened the door to genetic variations that may have conferred an advantage around the time of a major mass extinction some 200 million years ago. (sciencedaily.com)
Whole genome duplication is exactly as it sounds -- it's a fascinating evolutionary event where an entire genome is copied and pasted so that a species suddenly has twice the genetic material as it did before. (sciencedaily.com)
Whereas most species, like us, are 'diploid' -- having pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent -- after whole genome duplication everything is in four copies. (sciencedaily.com)
In this case, it took a long, long time -- so long that some gene duplications appear to be species-specific, occurring after the two species went their separate ways on the tree of life. (sciencedaily.com)
As a result, the ancient original whole genome duplication that happened before the species had separated had been missed until now. (sciencedaily.com)
Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
Currently, my main research activities include studies of mating-system and floral evolution in the neotropical vine Dalechampia, and studies of the role of species interactions in structuring the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities. (lu.se)
Here we aim to uncover TLR evolution by conducting a survey and a phylogenetic analysis in species across Bilateria. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is not well understood why apparently similar sex chromosome abnormalities, such as X-monosomy or certain Y chromosome rearrangements, result in different phenotypic effects in different species. (pacb.com)
Current knowledge about the species differences in sex chromosome organization and function is limited, this despite the availability of reference genome assemblies for most domestic species. (pacb.com)
It appears that sequence assembly of the X chromosome in most species is rather patchy containing multiple gaps and possible misassemblies, being the poorest in the pseudoautosomal region and in regions containing putative lineage-specific sequences. (pacb.com)
The Y chromosome, on the other hand, is typically not included in the reference genome and is studied separately, whereas complete sequence assembly of the male-specific portion of the Y is not yet available for any domestic species. (pacb.com)
Both the maternal (yak) and paternal (cattle) assemblies contain over one third of the acrocentric chromosomes, including the two largest chromosomes, in single haplotigs.Conclusions These haplotigs are the first vertebrate chromosome arms to be assembled gap-free and fully phased, and the first time assemblies for two species have been created from a single individual. (pacb.com)
Findings: We report the chromosome-scale genome assembly of Callicarpa americana L. (American beautyberry), a species within the early diverging Callicarpoideae clade of the Lamiaceae, known for its metallic purple fruits and use as an insect repellent due to its production of terpenoids. (datadryad.org)
Polyploid is also a well known source of speciation, as offspring, which have different numbers of chromosomes compared to parent species, are often unable to interbreed with non-polyploid organisms. (ipfs.io)
Researchers at the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) and an interdisciplinary team of collaborators have uncovered new information about the history of cat evolution explaining how cats-including well-known species like lions, tigers, and domestic cats-evolved into different species, and shedding light on how different genetic changes in cats relate to survival abilities like the ability to smell prey. (petguidetips.com)
Our goal was to better understand how cats evolved and the genetic basis of the trait differences between cat species," said Dr. Bill Murphy, a VMBS professor of veterinary integrative biosciences who specializes in cat evolution. (petguidetips.com)
We've known for a while now that cat chromosomes across species are very similar to each other," Murphy said. (petguidetips.com)
In the primate order, this kind of genetic variation has led to the evolution of different species-including humans and great apes. (petguidetips.com)
What we discovered by comparing a large number of cat species genomes is that cats have just a fraction of the segmental duplications found in other mammal groups-primates actually have seven times more of these duplications than cats. (petguidetips.com)
This finding prompted us to explore nos gene evolution, surveying vertebrate species representing key evolutionary nodes. (nsf.gov)
Whole genome duplication, or polyploidy, has occurred throughout the evolutionary history of angiosperms, with elevated chromosome numbers observed in at least 70% of all species. (duke.edu)

Segmental duplications found in primate genomes fall under one of three classifications. (wikipedia.org)
Twenty-nine of the forty-three pericentromeric regions have some form of segmental duplication totaling 47.6Mb, which is almost a third of all segmental duplications found in the human genome. (wikipedia.org)

From this, it has been observed that new-lineage segmental duplications map near shared ancestral duplications when comparing the human and chimpanzee. (wikipedia.org)
The existence of syntenic patterns between ancestral gene sets and A. gossypii , S. cerevisiae , and K. waltii , and other evidence, suggests that gene-interleaving relationships are the natural consequence of topological rearrangements in chromosomes and that a more gradual scenario of genome evolution involving segmental duplication and recombination constitutes a more parsimonious explanation. (biomedcentral.com)
The reconstructed ancestral genome could help in understanding the evolution of mammals and in conservation of modern animals. (bionity.com)
Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a head-to-head fusion of two intermediate-sized ancestral chromosomes. (embl.de)

Cytogenetics, Evolution and Biotechnology. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
The probes have been used for molecular hybridizations (fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH) in clinical cytogenetics, Y chromosome mapping, sequencing, gene discovery, and comparative Y chromosome studies between the horse and other equids/ Perssodactyls. (veteriankey.com)

Segmental duplications are shown to be flanked on both sides by large homologous repeats, which exposes the region to recurrent rearrangement by nonallelic homologous recombination, leading to either deletion, duplication, or inversion of the original sequence. (wikipedia.org)
We have demonstrated in Escherichia coli that fork fusion events, if not processed correctly, result in surprisingly severe consequences, such as persistent over-replication of the chromosome, increased recombination and chromosome segregation defects. (ukri.org)
Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination , retrotransposition event, aneuploidy , polyploidy , and replication slippage . (ipfs.io)
The products of this recombination are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion. (ipfs.io)
Repetitive genetic elements such as transposable elements offer one source of repetitive DNA that can facilitate recombination, and they are often found at duplication breakpoints in plants and mammals. (ipfs.io)

Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
This might be because rearrangements in the gene-poor Y chromosome have milder effect on the phenotype, as a result of which the affected individuals escape attention and are not subjected to cytogenetic analysis. (veteriankey.com)
There appear to be far fewer duplications, rearrangements, and other types of variation than what are commonly found in great apes. (petguidetips.com)
Primate genome researchers have been able to link these segmental duplications to chromosome rearrangements," he said. (petguidetips.com)

The rise of these tissues also coincided with at least one round of whole-genome duplication as well as a suite of lineage-specific segmental duplications. (nsf.gov)
Research study led by Professor Chris Wong from the Department of Biology at HKBU has presented the first chromosome-level assembly of the Japanese eel genome and examined the large chromosome reorganizations that followed the third round of whole-genome duplication (3R-WGD). (edu.hk)

Replication slippage is an error in DNA replication that can produce duplications of short genetic sequences. (ipfs.io)
Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (embl.de)

Ordering of 80 contigs along the deletion bins of chromosome arm 5DS revealed small-scale breaks in syntenic blocks. (biomedcentral.com)
Monosomy 7 is most often associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and as many as 30% of children with JMML have a deletion of all or part of chromosome 7. (medscape.com)

Mutations of the PTPN11 gene in therapy-related MDS and AML with rare balanced chromosome translocations. (lu.se)

I think you nicely laid out the three most reasonable definitions of ploidy, but Dana also points out that the classical use of diploid (as with most eukaryotes) defies each of these definitions because it infers the acquisition of unique but homologous chromosomes from each parent. (asmblog.org)
Duplications arise from an event termed unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes.The chance of this happening is a function of the degree of sharing of repetitive elements between two chromosomes. (ipfs.io)

One distinguishing factor of primate genomes from other mammalian genomes is the abundance of interchromosomal and interspersed interchromosomal duplications. (wikipedia.org)
To understand the evolution of this gene, we analyzed mammalian and primate genomes within a comparative framework. (nature.com)
Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)

Strikingly, we find BAP1 mutations and other canonical genomic aberrations usually arise in an early punctuated burst, followed by neutral evolution extending to the time of clinical detection. (nature.com)
Despite success in identifying these canonical genomic aberrations in UM, how and when these events arise during tumor evolution remains unknown. (nature.com)
These findings underscore the striking differences in genomic structure and evolution between UM and cutaneous melanoma, and they have profound implications for treatment and survival in UM. (nature.com)
Recent comparative genomic studies claim local syntenic gene-interleaving relationships in Ashbya gossypii and Kluyveromyces waltii are compelling evidence for an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
An important breakthrough in horse Y chromosome research came with the availability of new genomics tools and resources, such as large-insert genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries (for review, see Rubes et al. (veteriankey.com)
2009), chromosome flow sorting and microdissection technology, and various genomic DNA amplification systems (Telenius et al. (veteriankey.com)

Gene expression and epigentic alterations as consequences of genome duplication. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
This work will provide insight into whether there are general consequences of genome duplication, and help determine whether polyploidy influences the niche evolution and diversification of angiosperms. (duke.edu)

However, when the levels of segmental duplication in primates are compared with other mammals, we see that primates on average contain more than the rest of the mammalian world. (wikipedia.org)
This is explained by relatively low gene density in both the X and the Y chromosome and by random X chromosome inactivation in mammalian females buffering the effect of X-aneuploidies. (pacb.com)

Diploid organisms have one chromosome from each parent. (asmblog.org)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Most organisms on Earth are diploids, which means their DNA contains a single pair of chromosomes . (livescience.com)
All organisms need to replicate their chromosomes with high fidelity to ensure that the genetic information passed on to the next generation is sufficiently accurate. (ukri.org)

Segmental Genome Duplication (SGD) - Alterations in chromosome numbers - aneuploidy, autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Aneuploidy occurs when nondisjunction at a single chromosome results in an abnormal number of chromosomes. (ipfs.io)

Compared to autosomes and the X chromosome, relatively few numerical or structural cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported for ECAY. (veteriankey.com)

The authors explain how a mutation in a eukaryotic diploid cell is maintained as a heterozygous cell line because during mitosis all pairs of sister chromosomes (chromatids) become aligned and separated together in a plane perpendicular to the division plane making that every daughter cell inherits the mutation. (asmblog.org)
On a single cell level, accuracy of the duplication process is normally so high that not a single error is made when the millions of DNA base pairs are copied. (ukri.org)
Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Humans cannot affect emergence because it occurs by chance and represents a particular aspect of bacterial evolution. (cdc.gov)
Ten million years for the evolution of humans from some ape-humanoid ancestor. (uncommondescent.com)
Polyploidy is common in plants, but historically has also occurred in animals, with two rounds of whole genome duplication in the vertebrate lineage leading to humans. (ipfs.io)

Whole genome duplication analyses revealed three putative events, which together with local tandem duplication events, contributed to gene family expa, American beautyberransion of terpene synthases. (datadryad.org)
Furthermore, phylogenetic trees reconstructed under alternative hypotheses placed the putative whole-genome duplication event after the divergence of the S. cerevisiae and K. waltii lineages, but in the lineage leading to K. waltii . (biomedcentral.com)

In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
However, regions of bacterial chromosomes undergo duplications at a very high frequency, and once duplicated these regions can be further amplified to high levels. (asmblog.org)
It may be that the ability of bacterial chromosomes to quickly undergo gene amplification in response to environmental selection is an effective alternative to the stable maintenance of one copy of each chromosome from both parents - seemingly different processes that are both effective solutions to the demands of evolution. (asmblog.org)

In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive physical map of wheat chromosome arm 5DS, thereby exploring its gene space organization and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome Disorder Outreach is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. (chromodisorder.org)
General overview of chromosomes behavior during cell cycles - mitosis and meiosis, chromatin strcuture and molecular organization of the chromosomes. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
In this talk I will discuss comparative organization and function of animal sex chromosomes and related phenotypes proceeding from our research in horses. (pacb.com)

With this term he emphasized that prokaryotic chromosome segregation differs fundamentally from that of eukaryotes in that it prevents the maintenance of genetically heterozygous lines, even in polyploid cells . (asmblog.org)
This extraordinary high level of accuracy is achieved by a network of different processes that regulate the duplication process and choreograph segregation of the two complete copies into mother and daughter. (ukri.org)
We will investigate how fork fusion intermediates are processed and what happens when this processing goes awry, and we will determine how termination is choreographed in the context of whole chromosome dynamics, segregation and cell division. (ukri.org)

In plants, the most dramatic form of mutation is polyploidization, the duplication of the chromosome set. (lu.se)
Secular scientists attempt to explain their origin using terms such as duplication (a form of mutation that overwhelmingly destroys genetic information) and translocation . (icr.org)

This effectively provides a lot of raw material for mutations -- and evolution -- to occur. (sciencedaily.com)
It is a common knowledge that sex chromosome mutations are better tolerated and more viable compared to changes in autosomes. (pacb.com)
Duplication creates genetic redundancy, where the second copy of the gene is often free from selective pressure - that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. (ipfs.io)

The correct application of selection approaches for superior genotypes is directly dependent of the chromosome behavior during the process of cell division - mitosis and meiosis. (tsukuba.ac.jp)

The remaining gaps include ribosomal rDNA arrays, large near-identical segmental duplications, and satellite DNA arrays. (pacb.com)

This led to issues of interpreting separate loci as one sequence as these duplications are over-represented in unordered and unassigned contigs. (wikipedia.org)

We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)

Clonal dissemination is associated with chromosome replication, plasmid conjugation with replicative transfer, and gene migration with replicative transposition ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Chromosome duplication initiates at defined origins, with two replication forks proceeding in opposite directions. (ukri.org)
DNA replication terminates when a replication fork meets the end of a chromosome or another fork travelling in the opposite direction. (ukri.org)
Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements. (ipfs.io)

Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease, presents high variability in both chromosomes size and copy number among strains, though the underlying mechanisms are unknown. (biomedcentral.com)

UMs are also associated with a small set of recurrent chromosome copy number alterations (CNAs), which tend to occur in the context of a specific GEP class and BSE mutation 12 . (nature.com)
Every mutation we know of is the result of an exchange, duplication or loss of information. (danielkolenda.com)
Some examples of such neofunctionalization is the apparent mutation of a duplicated digestive gene in a family of ice fish into an antifreeze gene and duplication leading to a novel snake venom gene [4] and the synthesis of 1 beta-hydroxytestosterone. (ipfs.io)
Clonal duplication of a germline PTPN11 mutation due to acquired uniparental disomy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts from a patient with Noonan syndrome. (lu.se)

Accordingly, UM is ideally suited for studying the clonal evolution of metastatic competence. (nature.com)
During the course of the disease we observed clonal evolution with gain of i(5)(p10), tetrasomy 8 and eventually duplication of der(19)t(17;19)(q23;p13.3). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, our case supports the hypothesis of a step-wise clonal evolution from trisomy 8 to tetrasomy 8 in AML. (biomedcentral.com)

Differential selective effects on phenotypes drive evolution. (asmblog.org)

The reconstruction shows that the mammal ancestor had 19 autosomal chromosomes, which control the inheritance of an organism's characteristics outside of those controlled by sex-linked chromosomes, (these are paired in most cells, making 38 in total) plus two sex chromosomes, said Joana Damas, first author on the study and a postdoctoral scientist at the UC Davis Genome Center. (bionity.com)
Among the things the scientists were trying to better understand is why feline chromosomes-cellular structures containing the genetic information for traits like fur color, size, and sensory abilities-are more stable than in other mammal groups. (petguidetips.com)

A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)

Furthermore, these duplications are more prevalent within the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. (wikipedia.org)
It contains rare gene duplications, only 221 introns, and no transposons of subtelomeric repeats. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of this, scientists share the sentiment that accurate human genome assembly is difficult due to these segmental duplications. (wikipedia.org)

Cataloging of segmental duplications was originally difficult due to its inconspicuousness, large size, and high degree of sequence similarity. (wikipedia.org)
Segmental duplications in pericentromeric regions are unique in that around 30% of their sequence can be traced to duplications occurring from other chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Focusing on chromosome 6p21.3, which is a region of high sequence divergence harboring the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, we found that local realignment had little or no impact on SNP calling, but increased sensitivity was observed in INDEL calling for the Stampy + GATK UnifiedGenotyper pipeline. (biomedcentral.com)

Whole genome duplication, or polyploidy , is a product of nondisjunction during meiosis which results in additional copies of the entire genome. (ipfs.io)

Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation. (ipfs.io)

The key to this variation between cats and apes, as Murphy found out, appears to be the frequency of something called segmental duplications-segments of DNA that are highly similar copies of other DNA segments found elsewhere in the genome. (petguidetips.com)

Instead, the assembly alternates between parental haplotypes and may contain duplications in regions where the parental haplotypes are sufficiently different. (pacb.com)

Research has also found an increase of segmental duplications within regions of the CNPs showing that the duplications are responsible for the variation in copy number. (wikipedia.org)
However, there is no study to our knowledge that specifically investigated the evolution of copy number variable subexonic repeats from their initial emergence as functional units to the adaptive constraints and mutational properties that contributed to their extant variation in primates. (nature.com)
MUC7 provides an opportunity to assess the broader implications of subexonic repeat variation within the context of the functional evolution of the mucin functional group and primate salivary adaptation. (nature.com)
This polymorphism is primarily attributed to the various amount of Y heterochromatin, though earlier studies also suggest variation in the euchromatic portion of the chromosome (Power, 1988). (veteriankey.com)

Because the presence of syntenic patterns appears to be a condition that is necessary, but not sufficient, to support the existence of the whole-genome duplication event, our results prompt careful re-evaluation of paleopolyploidization in the yeast lineage and the evolutionary meaning of syntenic patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
This study provides noteworthy findings: first, nos2 experienced several lineage-specific gene duplications and losses. (nsf.gov)
Overall, we discovered thirteen fibrillar collagens from all known gene subfamilies in lamprey and were able to identify several lineage-specific duplications. (nsf.gov)

Here, we focus on the salivary mucin-7 gene ( MUC7 ) to study the evolution and functional impact of subexonic repeats. (nature.com)

Practicals: chromosome analysis in plant and animals. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
In these networks, we study plant and insect trait evolution, and the role of trait diversification for gene flow and local adaptation. (lu.se)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)

Perhaps GlucDRP is an example of gene duplication and evolution in progress in the E. coli chromosome. (rhea-db.org)

Loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 3 (LOH3) is frequently found in BAP1 -mutant class 2 tumors and is thought to represent the "second hit" in the bi-allelic loss of BAP1 , located at chromosome 3p21 9 . (nature.com)
We found a total of 34 SlMLP members in the tomato genome, which are heterogeneously distributed on eight chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy57

Organisms22

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes167

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Genes25

Chromosomal10

Deletions8

Species27

Segmental duplications found2

Ancestral4

Cytogenetics2

Recombination5

Rearrangements4

Round of whole-genome duplication2

Sequences2

Deletion2

Translocations1

Homologous2

Genomes3

Genomic6

Consequences of genome duplication2

Mammalian2

Organisms4

Aneuploidy2

Abnormalities1

Pairs4

Humans3

Putative2

Bacterial3

Organization4

Segregation3

Form of mutation2

Mutations3

Mitosis1

Ribosomal1

Contigs1

Meiotic1

Replication4

Mechanisms1

Mutation4

Clonal Evolution3

Phenotypes1

Mammal2

Karyotype1

Hybrids3

Subtelomeric2

Scientists1

Sequence3

Polyploidy1

Evolutionary innovation1

Copies1

Sufficiently1

Variation4

Lineage3

Repeats1

Plant2

Genetic material1

Gene duplication1

Found2