Eukaryotic factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Several initiation factors form a complex with the small 40S ribosomal subunit and Met-tRNAiMet called the 43S preinitiation complex (43S PIC). (wikipedia.org)
The hydrolysis of eIF2-GTP provides the conformational change to change the scanning complex into the 48S Initiation complex with the initiator tRNA-Met anticodon base paired to the AUG. After the initiation complex is formed the 60s subunit joins and eIF2 along with most of the initiation factors dissociate from the complex allowing the 60S subunit to bind. (wikipedia.org)
eIF3 independently binds the 40S ribosomal subunit, multiple initiation factors, and cellular and viral mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit L (SMED30003623) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit L (SMED30003623) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit L (SMED30003623) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Protein synthesis in mammalian cells requires initiation factor eIF3, an approximately 800-kDa protein complex that plays a central role in binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA and mRNA to the 40 S ribosomal subunit to form the 48 S initiation complex. (ox.ac.uk)
ATF3 contributes to induction of the CHOP transcriptional factor in response to amino acid starvation, and loss of ATF3 function significantly lowers stress-induced expression of GADD34, an eIF2 protein phosphatase regulatory subunit implicated in feedback control of the eIF2 kinase stress response. (northwestern.edu)
Initiation begins with the assembly of a pre-initiation complex (PIC) in which the small ribosomal subunit is joined by several protein initiation factors (eIFs). (vassar.edu)
The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)

In this report, we explore the role of a family of protein kinases that phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) in coordinating stress gene responses. (northwestern.edu)
We find that expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/CREB subfamily of basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins, is induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or amino acid starvation by a mechanism requiring eIF2 kinases PEK (Perk or EIF2AK3) and GCN2 (EIF2AK4), respectively. (northwestern.edu)
In addition, activated eIF2α can trigger production of certain proteins called transcription factors, which control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
The transcription factors regulated by eIF2α control the activity of genes involved in processes that help reduce the stress on the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The eIF2 protein is called an initiation factor because it is involved in starting (initiating) protein synthesis. (medlineplus.gov)

Bringing together comparative genomics, phylogenetics, quantitative cell biology and experimental evolution in multiple microbial model systems drawn from across the eukaryotic tree, we set out to elucidate the genomic, biophysical and evolutionary factors that determine nuclear dynamics and remodelling - karyodynamics - within the context of cellular architecture and function. (europa.eu)
Mechanisms present in humans that are either absent in other eukaryotic microbial model systems, or not as readily accessible in them as in Tetrahymena, are especially relevant. (bioone.org)

Nucleotide-bound structure of a functional construct of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. (expasy.org)
ADP enhances the allosteric activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by calmodulin. (expasy.org)
We also used eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) (also known as CaMKIII) knockout mice. (haifa.ac.il)
Markedly, we found that suppression of HIF-1α accumulation by celastrol correlated with strong dephosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), pathways known to regulate HIF-1α expression at the translational level. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lenvatinib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits mainly vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α, c-KIT, and RET ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Its phosphorylation prevents the binding of the nucleotide suggesting that this potentially RAF mediated modification has a regulatory role affecting the function of the elongation factor. (unina.it)

The elongation factor 1A has a crucial role in protein biosynthesis. (unina.it)
This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding translation elongation factor family. (nih.gov)
Analysis of senescence-responsive stress fiber proteome reveals reorganization of stress fibers mediated by elongation factor eEF2 in HFF-1 cells. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2) is a Potential Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)
Earlier studies have shown that translation elongation factor 1δ (EF-1δ) is hyperphosphorylated in various mammalian cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses and that the modification is mediated by conserved viral protein kinases encoded by herpesviruses, including UL13 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), UL97 of human cytomegalovirus, and BGLF4 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (elsevierpure.com)
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 controls TNF-α translation in LPS-induced hepatitis. (nature.com)
Translation elongation factor 1A2 (TEF1A2) is a tumor marker and an inhibitor of cadmium -induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are proteins or protein complexes involved in the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to these HD-ZIP proteins, leucine zippers can be found in the plant-specific WRKY factors as well as in basic leucine zippers, which are present in all three eukaryotic kingdoms. (biomedcentral.com)
The number of proteins that constitute functional transcription factors may therefore be higher than that reported in this paper. (biomedcentral.com)

Additional factors of the eIF4F complex (eIF4A, E, and G) recruit the 43S PIC to the five-prime cap structure of the mRNA, from which the 43S particle scans 5'-->3' along the mRNA to reach an AUG start codon. (wikipedia.org)
AF296085 Lycopersicon esculentum eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-3 mRNA, complete cds. (cornell.edu)

Within the Arabidopsis genome, 1,533 genes were found to encode members of known transcription factor families, 45% of which are from families specific for plants. (biomedcentral.com)
The fraction of transcription factor genes among all genes is slightly higher in Arabidopsis (5.9%) compared with Drosophila , C. elegans and yeast (4.5, 3.5 and 3.5%, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
A variety of prominent transcription factor families are present in all four species, including Myb, basic helix-loop-helix, basic leucine zipper, C2H2 zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Except for the conserved DNA-binding domains, however, there are no significant similarities between members of the same transcription factor family from different kingdoms. (biomedcentral.com)
and domain shuffling, leading to new combinations of common transcription factor domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Forced expression of this gene in combination with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD1 and the transcription factors POU class 3 homeobox 2 and achaete-scute family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 can convert fetal and postnatal human fibroblasts into induced neuronal cells, which are able to generate action potentials. (nih.gov)
Determination and inference of eukaryotic transcription factor sequence specificity. (bvsalud.org)
Transcription factor (TF) DNA sequence preferences direct their regulatory activity, but are currently known for only â ¼1% of eukaryotic TFs. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)

This model also correctly predicts a plateau-like response of translation to super-physiological increases in abundance of the other cap-complex factors, eIF4E and eIF4A. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a cellular target for cadmium toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) ,etc. (uscnk.com)
Eukaryotic elongation factors 2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. (nih.gov)
Hypoxia is an important micro-environmental factor in promoting tumor progression. (spandidos-publications.com)

Exon shuffling has led to transcription factors unique to plants that contain both homeodomains and leucine zippers. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: The exon junction complex (EJC), which contains four core components, eukaryotic initiation factor 4AIII (eIF4AIII), MAGO/NASHI (MAGO), Y14/Tsunagi/RNA-binding protein 8A, and Barentsz/Metastatic lymph node 51, is formed in both nucleus and cytoplasm, and plays important roles in gene expression. (ncu.edu.tw)

With the completed genome sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster , complete proteomes from representatives of three eukaryotic kingdoms (plants, fungi and animals) are now available for comprehensive comparative studies. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed mutagenesis to introduce changes equivalent to 12 human CACH/VWM mutations in three subunits of the equivalent factor from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and analyzed effects on cell growth, translation, and gene expression in response to stresses. (yeastgenome.org)

eIF4G is an essential translation factor that exerts strong control over protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
Engineered changes in eIF4G abundance amplify noise, demonstrating that minimum stochasticity coincides with physiological abundance of this factor. (nih.gov)
Plasmid-mediated synthesis of eIF4G imposes increased global gene expression stochasticity and reduced viability because the intrinsic noise for this factor influences total cellular gene noise. (nih.gov)

Broadly sampling DNA -binding domain (DBD) types from multiple eukaryotic clades, we determined DNA sequence preferences for >1,000 TFs encompassing 54 different DBD classes from 131 diverse eukaryotes . (bvsalud.org)
We find that closely related DBDs almost always have very similar DNA sequence preferences, enabling inference of motifs for â ¼34% of the â ¼170,000 known or predicted eukaryotic TFs. (bvsalud.org)

Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université Paris VI en Biochimie ( Ph.D. University of Paris in Biochemistry) 1989. (csuohio.edu)

In higher eukaryotes the factor consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. (uams.edu)

Under some conditions, eIF2B increases protein synthesis by helping to recycle molecules called GTP, which carry energy to the initiation factor. (medlineplus.gov)
Under other conditions, it slows protein synthesis by binding tightly to the initiation factor, which converts the eIF2B protein into an inactive form and prevents recycling of GTP. (medlineplus.gov)
Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH), or vanishing white matter leukoencephalopathy (VWM), is a fatal brain disorder caused by mutations in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). (yeastgenome.org)

We show that SylA irreversibly inhibits all three catalytic activities of eukaryotic proteasomes, thus adding proteasome inhibition to the repertoire of modes of action of virulence factors. (cipsm.de)

Structural characterization of the human eukaryotic initiation factor 3 protein complex by mass spectrometry. (ox.ac.uk)
Isolation and characterization of senescence-induced cDNAs encoding deoxyhypusine synthase and eucaryotic translation initiation factor 5A from tomato. (cornell.edu)

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)

There exist many more eukaryotic initiation factors than prokaryotic initiation factors, reflecting the greater biological complexity of eukaryotic translation. (wikipedia.org)
There are at least twelve eukaryotic initiation factors, composed of many more polypeptides, and these are described below. (wikipedia.org)
The eIF3 complex also prevents premature association of the 40 and 60 S ribosomal subunits and interacts with other initiation factors involved in start codon selection. (ox.ac.uk)

All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)

We have identified the molecular defect in factor V Leiden and we have delineated specific amino acid regions on the factor V/Va molecule that are crucial for their functions. (csuohio.edu)

In particular, the existence of a great variety of transcription factors that are unique to distinct kingdoms, such as the large plant-specific AP2/EREBP and WRKY families and the animal-specific nuclear hormone receptors, reflects the need for specific solutions that meet the regulatory challenges connected with entirely different developmental programs and life styles. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial polypeptide release factor RF2 is structurally distinct from eukaryotic eRF1. (nature.com)

A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that acts to restore EIF-2 to its GTP bound form . (dictionary.net)
Zavialov, A. V., Buckingham, R. H. & Ehrenberg, M. A posttermination ribosomal complex is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for peptide release factor RF3. (nature.com)

In mammals, eIF3 is the largest initiation factor, made up of 13 subunits (a-m). (wikipedia.org)

Here we identify SylA as a virulence factor because a SylA-negative mutant in Pss strain B728a obtained by gene disruption was markedly less virulent on its host, Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). (cipsm.de)
This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger superfamily of transcription factors whose expression, thus far, has been found only in neuronal tissues. (nih.gov)

Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

To elucidate the factors associated with acquired resistance to lenvatinib, a lenvatinib‑resistant HCC cell line (JHH‑7_LR) was established by exposing a lenvatinib‑sensitive HCC cell line, JHH‑7, to lenvatinib. (spandidos-publications.com)

Part of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m. (nih.gov)
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex. (mcw.edu)
Mutations linked to leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter impair the function of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex in diverse ways. (medlineplus.gov)
2004) Mutations causing childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination reduce eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex formation and activity. (yeastgenome.org)
The prothrombinase complex is the enzymatic complex responsible for timely thrombin formation at the place of vascular injury and is composed of the enzyme, factor Xa (fXa), the non-enzymatic cofactor factor Va (fVa), and the substrate prothrombin assembled on a lipid membrane in the presence of divalent metal ions. (csuohio.edu)

In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)

3. Kalafatis, M., Takahashi, Y., Girma, J.P., and Meyer, D. Localization of a collagen interactive domain of human von Willebrand Factor between amino acid residues Gly 911 and Glu 1365. (csuohio.edu)

The EU-funded KaryodynEVO project will investigate the genomic, biophysical and evolutionary factors that contribute to nuclear dynamics and remodelling, also known as karyodynamics, within the context of cellular architecture and function. (europa.eu)
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the central mediator of cellular responses to low oxygen and vital to many aspects of cancer biology. (spandidos-publications.com)

Each eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus that houses its genome. (europa.eu)

Sequences matching both measured and inferred motifs are enriched in chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing ( ChIP-seq ) peaks and upstream of transcription start sites in diverse eukaryotic lineages. (bvsalud.org)

The Combination of piR-823 and Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 B (EIF3B) Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells via Upregulating TGF-β1 in Liver Fibrogenesis. (nih.gov)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)

The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)

In Aspergillus fumigatus , iron starvation causes extensive transcriptional remodeling involving two central transcription factors, which are interconnected in a negative transcriptional feed-back loop: the GATA-factor SreA and the bZip-factor HapX. (frontiersin.org)

This compound markedly decreased the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein dose-dependently, whereas it did not affect the expressions of HIF-1β and topoisomerase-I (topo‑I). Furthermore, celastrol prevented hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1 target genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO). (spandidos-publications.com)

Nonetheless, this study reveals striking differences in the regulatory machineries utilized by three different eukaryotic kingdoms. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms30

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes90

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Subunit10

EIF25

Microbial model systems2

Kinase5

Phosphorylation1

Elongation factor7

Proteins3

MRNA2

Transcription factor9

EIF4E2

Tumor3

Exon2

Saccharomyces2

EIF4G3

SEQUENCE2

Biochemistry1

Gamma1

EIF2B3

Inhibition1

Characterization2

MeSH1

Initiation factors3

Structural3

Molecular1

Distinct2

Guanine2

Subunits1

Gene2

Eukaryotes1

Elucidate1

Complex5

Bacterial1

Amino acid1

Cellular2

Cell1

Motifs1

Cells2

Primary1

Transcriptional1

Vascular1

Regulatory1