Ethylbenzene gasoline additive benzene gasoline. Medical search. Frequent questions

These sources include refinery streams (catalytic reformats), pyrolysis gasoline, and toluene hydrodealkylation. (cdc.gov)
In the toluene hydrodealkylation process, toluene or toluene/xylene mixtures are reacted with hydrogen at temperatures ranging from 500 to 595 °C with usual pressures of 4-6 mPa (40-60 atm), and demethylated to produce benzene and methane. (cdc.gov)
Another process whereby toluene is converted to benzene and xylenes by transalkylation or disproportionation is also used for the production of benzene (Fruscella 1992). (cdc.gov)
BTEX stands for benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene. (fuelfreedom.org)
Examples of fuel-related contaminants include the fuel oxygenates methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), gasoline components including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the propellant hydrazine. (wateronline.com)
Laboratory scale batch and column tests and mathematical modeling were performed to study the feasibility of a biobarrier (BB), that is an in situ permeable biological barrier with or without inoculation, for the remediation of MTBE and other gasoline-derived pollutants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and m+p-xylenes, BTEXs) polluted groundwater and to estimate kinetic constants. (unimib.it)
The allowable concentrations of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene vary by setting. (phoslab.com)
A few aromatic compounds dominated the NMOC emissions, primarily benzene, toluene, xylene isomers/ethylbenzene and C3-benzene. (copernicus.org)
Laboratory evaluation of a prototype portable gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) for toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (TEX) analysis. (cdc.gov)
Linear relationships between total hydrocarbons and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene , and n-hexane during the Deepwater Horizon response and clean-up. (cdc.gov)
E15 can reduce emissions and improve health by displacing harmful fuel additives, like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) linked to cancer, respiratory illness, and numerous health risks. (poet.com)
Ruihua aromatics production technology can be used to produce benzene, toluene and xylene products. (ruihuaeng.com)
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban atmosphere. (fortunejournals.com)
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (collectively called BTEX) are typical VOCs. (fortunejournals.com)
Toluene is a clear, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon with an odor similar to benzene (pungent and sweet). (knowyourh2o.com)
The pollutants released include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), which are significant due to their high level of toxicity. (who.int)
Additionally, there were incidences where individuals were at potential hazard risk of benzene and toluene that may pose non-carcinogenic effects to employees. (who.int)

Benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene collectively referred to as BTEXS, are components of tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)

Is there a better gasoline additive than BTEX? (fuelfreedom.org)
But we're only beginning to learn the extent of the health impacts of BTEX, the stew of hydrocarbons that include benzene and which constitute a key additive for gasoline. (fuelfreedom.org)
BTEX, also known as aromatics, are only the latest in a long line of additives for blending into gasoline, to bring an otherwise inferior product up to minimum octane standards. (fuelfreedom.org)
BTEX, the indispensable industrial materials, are used widely in building material, rubber and as additive in paint, dyestuff and pesticide [4]. (fortunejournals.com)

They are PM 2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C 2 - C 9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc.), and nitrogen oxide concentrations. (copernicus.org)

At lower reaction temperature, the ethyl-benzene conversion rate and styrene selectivity of HD-4612 catalyst are both higher than other catalysts market available. (petrotat.com)
4611 Styrene Catalyst (Normal S/O) is a catalyst for the production of styrene from ethyl-benzene dehydrogenation process in the steam to oil ratio of 1.3 to 2.0. (petrotat.com)
The global ethyl benzene market is on the cusp of unprecedented growth, fueled by a surge in demand for styrene synthesis and a wide array of applications across multiple industries. (newsfeedcentral.com)

In both the US and Europe, 50% of benzene is used in the production of ethylbenzene / styrene, 20% is used in the production of cumene, and about 15% of benzene is used in the production of cyclohexane (eventually to nylon). (elssidrugtesting.com)
4612 Styrene Catalyst (Low S/O) The iron-based, high activity and high selectivity catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene at low steam to oil ratio. (petrotat.com)
Changzhou Ruihua Chemical has accumulated more than ten years of experience in ethylbenzene/styrene industrial engineering design, and successfully developed a complete set of ethylbenzene/styrene process technology at the beginning of the company's establishment. (ruihuaeng.com)
Up to now, some domestic devices in China have applied the technology of producing ethylbenzene/styrene from dry gas, mainly those with an annual output of 60,000 to 80,000 tons of styrene, which are distributed in PetroChina, Sinopec, ChemChina and various private enterprises. (ruihuaeng.com)
However, in the actual production for many years, the load of most of the dry gas to ethylbenzene/styrene equipment cannot reach the design value, let alone increase the production capacity to increase the efficiency when the price of styrene rises. (ruihuaeng.com)
Styrene is a natural material established by altering one hydrogen atom of ethylene with benzene, as well as the electrons of the plastic team are conjugated with the benzene ring, which is a sort of fragrant hydrocarbon. (zspharmac.com)
In industry, styrene can be developed by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. (zspharmac.com)
Nonetheless it had not been made use of industrially up until the 1830s, when styrene was developed by dehydrogenating styrene (a material of ethylene along with benzene extracted from gas). (zspharmac.com)
In 1937, Farben of Germany and additionally Dow Chemical Business of the USA implemented the commercial manufacturing of styrene by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. (zspharmac.com)
In 1981, the general capacity of styrene plants worldwide reached 17.13 Mt, higher than 90% of which were created by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. (zspharmac.com)
The straight upstream of styrene is benzene as well as ethylene, and also the downstream is fairly scattered. (zspharmac.com)

To meet this demand, benzene was produced by the petroleum and petrochemical industries by recovery from reformat and liquid byproducts of the ethylene manufacturing process (Fruscella 1992). (cdc.gov)
Pyrolysis gasoline contains unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as ethylene and propylene) and aromatics. (cdc.gov)
Ruihua C4 cracking unit is transformed into methanol to propylene production technology, which can be used to produce propylene, ethylene, liquefied petroleum gas and aromatic gasoline. (ruihuaeng.com)

Pyrolysis gasoline is a liquid byproduct produced by the steam cracking of lower paraffins (gas oil) or heavier hydrocarbons (heavy naphtha). (cdc.gov)
Different formulations for liquid/gas feedstock and pyrolysis gasoline upgrading. (petrotat.com)
32] Oil refineries also produce various intermediate products such as hydrogen, light hydrocarbons, reformate and pyrolysis gasoline. (3dresearchspecs.com)

NIOSH's response focused primarily on industrial hygiene assessment of potential occupational exposures [benzene and other volatile organic compounds, oil mist, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's), diesel fumes, and noise] during typical tasks performed by the majority of the 11,000 workers involved in the 1989 cleanup activities. (cdc.gov)
10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)

Benzene was first commercially recovered from light oil derived from coal tar in 1849 and from petroleum in 1941 (IARC 1982a). (cdc.gov)
Currently, benzene is commercially recovered from both coal and petroleum sources. (cdc.gov)
More than 98% of the benzene produced in the United States is derived from the petrochemical and petroleum refining industries (OSHA 1987). (cdc.gov)
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. (wikipedia.org)
Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and may be synthesized from other compounds present in petroleum. (elssidrugtesting.com)
While emissions from petroleum products like gasoline or jet fuel have long been known to be dangerous and are subject to state and federal regulation, asphalt and No. 6 fuel oil, classified as "heavy refinery liquids," have been largely ignored by regulators because it was thought that their emissions were negligible. (guyonclimate.com)

Table 5-1 lists the facilities in each state that manufacture or process benzene, the intended use, and the range of maximum amounts of benzene that are stored on site. (cdc.gov)

During catalytic reforming, cycloparaffins (also known by the obsolescent term 'naphthenes') such as cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, and dimethylcyclohexane are converted to benzene by isomerization, dehydrogenation, and dealkylation, and paraffins in naphtha (such as hexane) are converted to benzene by cyclodehydrogenation. (cdc.gov)

Benzene is a volatile organic compound. (wikipedia.org)

Using Radiello passive samplers, it was found that benzene concentrations were above recommended international standards. (who.int)

Ethylbenzene is a component in some consumer products and it is common in ambient air as a result of vehicle emissions and industrial activities. (phoslab.com)
Outdoor air may contain low levels of benzene from tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, the transfer of gasoline, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Here we investigated primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from four GDI vehicles, two of which were also retrofitted with a prototype gasoline particulate filter (GPF). (copernicus.org)
U.S. Department of Energy test program data also "showed no statistically significant loss of vehicle performance (emissions, fuel economy, and maintenance issues) attributable to the use of E15 fuel compared to straight gasoline. (poet.com)
OXE Marine) Following OXE Marine AB (publ)'s recently published sea trials where the company's 300 hp diesel outboard OXE300 was tested against a gasoline outboard of equivalent power, where OXE Marine showed not only a 50% higher consumption in the gasoline outboard but a reduction of 92% net CO 2 emissions compared to the gasoline alternative, the outboard manufacturers have decided to implement HVO100 in all development and testing. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)

Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. (wikipedia.org)
Benzene is a colorless liquid hydrocarbon that is found in crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke. (phoslab.com)
It is sometimes abbreviated Ph-H. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell and a relatively high melting point. (elssidrugtesting.com)

Benzene was first synthesized by Mitscherlich in 1833 by distilling benzoic acid with lime. (cdc.gov)
The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene. (wikipedia.org)

Because a lot of times these compounds are studied alone, so that's why a lot of research was done on benzene. (fuelfreedom.org)
And that's why I think there's been so much focus on benzene, but nobody's really been looking at these compounds in concert. (fuelfreedom.org)
Kekulé's 1872 modification of his 1865 theory, illustrating rapid alternation of double bonds The new understanding of benzene, and hence of all aromatic compounds, proved to be so important for both pure and applied chemistry that in 1890 the German Chemical Society organized an elaborate appreciation in Kekulé's honor, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of his first benzene paper. (wikipedia.org)

In the past, benzene was often used in solvents as a gasoline additive but these uses have decreased due to its toxic effects. (phoslab.com)

In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene from a liquid condensed by compressing oil gas. (cdc.gov)
Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)

however, because benzene disappears rapidly from the blood, measurements are accurate only for extremely recent exposures. (elssidrugtesting.com)

The four chemicals are pulled up as part of the oil-drilling process, and often they're infused into gasoline at the refinery level because they elevate the octane rating of gas. (fuelfreedom.org)
It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. (wikipedia.org)
Today benzene is mainly used as an intermediate to make other chemicals. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Benzene has been connected to a rare form of kidney cancer in two separate studies, one involving tank truck drivers, and the other involving seamen on tanker vessels, both carrying benzene laden chemicals. (elssidrugtesting.com)

They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases (such as methane and propane ), liquids (such as hexane and benzene ), low melting solids (such as paraffin wax and naphthalene ) or polymers (such as polyethylene and polystyrene ). (wikipedia.org)

Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used as an additive to replace lead in gasoline, but its use was banned after widespread ground water contamination was discovered. (cdc.gov)
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is used at significant percentages as an additive of unleaded gasoline. (unimib.it)

Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the second [n]-annulene. (elssidrugtesting.com)

Benzene exposure has serious health effects. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Vapors from products that contain benzene, such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, can also be a source of exposure, although many of these have been modified or reformulated since the late 1970s to eliminate or reduce the benzene content. (elssidrugtesting.com)
The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have set a permissible exposure limit of 0.5 part of benzene per million parts of air (.5 ppm) in the workplace during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. (elssidrugtesting.com)
The short term exposure limit for airborne benzene is 5 ppm for 15 minutes. (elssidrugtesting.com)
The major effects of benzene are chronic (long-term) exposure through the blood. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Human exposure to benzene is a global health problem. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Long-term exposure to excessive levels of benzene in the air causes leukaemia, a potentially fatal cancer of the blood-forming organs, in susceptible individuals. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Several tests can determine exposure to benzene. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Benzene exposure should always be minimized. (elssidrugtesting.com)
However, this test must be done shortly after exposure and is not a definite indicator of benzene exposure, since the same metabolites may be present in urine from other sources. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Benzene exposure and cancer risk from commercial gasoline station fueling events using a novel self-sampling protocol. (cdc.gov)
Due to poor ventilation and high exposure duration, the average benzene concentration over the sampling campaign exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's chronic inhalation exposure reference concentration. (who.int)
Lifetime cancer risk estimation showed that on average there is a 3.78 x 10-4 cancer risk, corresponding to an average chronic daily intake of 1.38 x 10-3 mg/kg/day of benzene exposure. (who.int)

The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. (wikipedia.org)
The empirical formula for benzene was long known, but its highly polyunsaturated structure, with just one hydrogen atom for each carbon atom, was challenging to determine. (wikipedia.org)

their odor is usually faint, and may be similar to that of gasoline or lighter fluid . (wikipedia.org)

Several years after the end of World War II, the rapidly expanding chemical industry created an increased demand for benzene that the coal carbonization industry could not fulfill. (cdc.gov)
Small quantities of benzene are also produced from destructive distillation of coal used for coke manufacture. (cdc.gov)
5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/EXPORT, USE, AND DISPOSAL liquefaction processes for coal are all potential sources of benzene (IARC 1982a). (cdc.gov)
In 1845, Charles Blachford Mansfield, working under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, isolated benzene from coal tar. (wikipedia.org)
Four years later, Mansfield began the first industrial-scale production of benzene, based on the coal-tar method. (wikipedia.org)

Due to the patented additives in the formulation to enhance the catalyst activity and structure (Iron-Potassium Spinel), the high strength and minimum potassium loss lead to longest service life of thecontinuous operation. (petrotat.com)
4920 is selective hydrogenation catalyst for reforming process removal of olefins from reformate or the distillate of reforming process (Benzene or BTX and etc. (petrotat.com)
At BASF, our Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst and additive offerings together with our expert technical services build the right solution to create value within any unit's constraints. (basf.com)

The tanker is coated with epoxy resistance to HCL acid and its additives for bother inside & outside (or any equivalent efficient material). (truckinchina.com)

Because it is a known carcinogen, its use as an additive in gasoline is now limited, but it is an important industrial solvent and precursor in the production of drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes. (elssidrugtesting.com)
The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) classifies benzene as a human carcinogen. (elssidrugtesting.com)

Catalytic reformat is the major source of benzene (Greek 1990). (cdc.gov)
1978 and 1981, catalytic reformats accounted for approximately 44-50% of the total U.S. benzene production (Fishbein 1988). (cdc.gov)

The C 6 through C 10 alkanes, alkenes and isomeric cycloalkanes are the top components of gasoline , naphtha , jet fuel and specialized industrial solvent mixtures. (wikipedia.org)

67][68] The wide array of high pressure and/or high temperature reactions, along with the necessary chemical additives or extracted contaminants, produces an astonishing number of potential health hazards to the oil refinery worker. (3dresearchspecs.com)
Petrochemical plants and solvent manufacturing (fine fractionating) plants need spaces for further processing of a large volume of refinery products, or to mix chemical additives with a product at source rather than at blending terminals. (3dresearchspecs.com)

Many experts say ethanol, a cleaner, cheaper additive that also is a natural octane booster, is the wisest choice. (fuelfreedom.org)
During the upcoming Midterm Evaluation of the federal fuel-economy standards (known as CAFE), the issue of whether to infuse more high-octane ethanol into the nation's gasoline supply is likely to come up. (fuelfreedom.org)
I see it as two sides of the same coin," said Stolark, who authored an authoritative history of octane and gasoline additives. (fuelfreedom.org)
E15 is a high-performance 15% ethanol fuel blend that can boost octane while burning cleaner and cooler than conventional gasoline. (poet.com)
However, many of the existing refineries in the United States have revamped many of their units and/or constructed add-on units in order to: increase their crude oil processing capacity, increase the octane rating of their product gasoline, lower the sulfur content of their diesel fuel and home heating fuels to comply with environmental regulations and comply with environmental air pollution and water pollution requirements. (3dresearchspecs.com)

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. (wikipedia.org)

Benzene is imported and exported to the United States as both the pure chemical and as a mixture of mineral fuels. (cdc.gov)
Imports of benzene (from mineral fuels and pure benzene) into the United States were approximately 5,252 million L (10,176 million pounds) in 2004, 6,024 million L (11,672 million pounds) in 2003, and 5,912 million L (11,455 million pounds) in 2002 (USITC 2005). (cdc.gov)

Natural forming material deposits, additive to public supply as fluorsilicic acid, sodium silicofluoride or sodium fluoride at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L. (h2odistributors.com)

Simply, heat is the saboteur of internal combustion engines, both compression diesel engines, and spark-fired gasoline engines. (rentar.com)

We've known for some time that the chemical benzene is toxic to humans and can cause cancer. (fuelfreedom.org)
Benzene causes cancer in both animals and humans. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Benzene was first reported to induce cancer in humans in the 1920s. (elssidrugtesting.com)
Industry exploited this «discrepancy» and tried to discredit animal studies which showed benzene caused cancer saying that they weren't relevant to humans. (elssidrugtesting.com)

Production data from 1984 to 1994 indicate that the production of benzene increased by about 4% annually (C&EN 1995). (cdc.gov)

Benzene targets liver, kidney, lung, heart and the brain and can cause DNA strand breaks, chromosomal damage etc. (elssidrugtesting.com)

The import of pure benzene into the United States is dependent on domestic production and demand. (cdc.gov)

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles have recently been identified as a significant source of carbonaceous aerosol, of both primary and secondary origin. (copernicus.org)

The dry gas method was used as a raw material to produce ethylbenzene, which solved the problem of dry gas resource utilization at that time. (ruihuaeng.com)

Solder and other plumbing products, batteries, gasoline as tetraethyl lead. (h2odistributors.com)
Due to the efficient diesel powerhead, OXE Marine products are already lower in fuel consumption than gasoline powered outboards of equivalent power. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)

Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasoline- versus diesel-powered vehicles is highly relevant for policymaking, and yet there is a lack of an effective observation-based method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. (copernicus.org)

Although benzene is a major industrial chemical, it finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity. (wikipedia.org)

D-FOAM-R A102 is a 100% active foam control additive designed for maximum performance and compatibility in natural latex and polymer based adhesives. (clariant.com)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs16

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care5

Toluene17

Xylene1

BTEX4

Xylenes1

Ethyl-benzene3

Styrene11

Ethylene3

Pyrolysis gasoline3

Hydrocarbons2

Petroleum6

Amounts of benzene1

Dehydrogenation1

Volatile1

Concentrations1

Emissions5

Colorless3

Benzoic acid2

Compounds3

Solvents1

18252

Exposures1

Chemicals4

Hexane1

MTBE2

Hydrocarbon3

Exposure13

Hydrogen atom2

Odor1

Coal5

Catalyst3

Tanker1

Carcinogen2

Catalytic2

Components1

Refinery2

Octane5

Organic1

Fuels2

Concentration1

Diesel engines1

Humans4

Annually1

Liver1

Production1

Aerosol1

Material1

Products2

Contribution1

Industrial1

Natural1