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HemorrhoidsEsophageal and Gastric VaricesVenous PressureHypertension, PortalPortal VeinGastrointestinal HemorrhageLigationSclerotherapyHemorrhoidectomyHypertensionVaricose VeinsPortal SystemHypertension, PulmonaryLiver CirrhosisVaricose UlcerVenous InsufficiencyAxillary VeinFemoral VeinSplenic VeinSclerosing SolutionsProctoscopyFissure in AnoArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalCerebral VeinsPortal PressureKlippel-Trenaunay-Weber SyndromeEndoscopyPortasystemic Shunt, SurgicalArteriovenous FistulaEsophagoscopyPortacaval Shunt, SurgicalSurgical StaplingCentral Nervous System Vascular MalformationsHemostasis, EndoscopicElectrocoagulationEndoscopy, GastrointestinalAnal CanalSubclavian VeinUpper Extremity Deep Vein ThrombosisVeinsCentral Venous PressureRectal ProlapseLiver Cirrhosis, AlcoholicPruritus AniCranial SinusesEnbucrilateInfrared RaysSplenorenal Shunt, SurgicalBrachiocephalic VeinsLiver CirculationProctoscopesAscitesPhlebographyBucrylateGastroscopesLight CoagulationRectal DiseasesConstriction, PathologicEndoscopy, Digestive SystemAncient LandsRenal VeinsMesenteric VeinsTreatment OutcomePlatelet CountJugular VeinsCalcium DobesilateHypertension, RenalHepatic EncephalopathySplenectomySplenomegalyHypersplenismHemodynamicsSuturesRecurrenceBlood PressureSaphenous VeinEsophagusProspective StudiesRectumPulmonary EdemaCapsule EndoscopyNadololProlapseDuodenoscopyVascular Surgical ProceduresMedicine, East Asian TraditionalAntihypertensive AgentsHypertension, RenovascularDilatationAnus DiseasesSurgical EquipmentElasticity Imaging TechniquesLiver Diseases, ParasiticPortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticSurgical Procedures, MinorSplenic DiseasesHepatic VeinsFollow-Up StudiesSophoraRenal Dialysis

ThrombosisUlcerRectalGastricVeinsCollateralsVeinUlcerationLiverInsufficiencyCirrhosisComplicationInferiorAscitesEndoscopyVaricealEsophagusEndoscopicDiseasesPatientsCapillaryBlood flowCommon causeUpperDevelopLeadsPressureLowerReturnConditionTreatmentGreater

Thrombosis4

• 452 Portal vein thrombosis 453 Other venous embolism and thrombosis 453.4 Deep vein thrombosis, unspec. (wikipedia.org)
• 453.41 Deep vein thrombosis, proximal 453.42 Deep vein thrombosis, distal 453.9 Venous embolism, unspec. (wikipedia.org)
• Mechanical devices inserted in the inferior vena cava that prevent the migration of blood clots from deep venous thrombosis of the leg. (lookformedical.com)
• Splenic vein thrombosis is a rare condition which causes esophageal varices without a raised portal pressure. (en-academic.com)

Ulcer1

• When severe leg swelling leads to skin breakdown, it is called venous STASIS ULCER. (lookformedical.com)

Rectal2

• Varices can also form in other areas of the body, including the stomach ( gastric varices ), duodenum ( duodenal varices ), and rectum ( rectal varices ). (en-academic.com)
• BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Outlet obstructive constipation (OOC) is a common type of chronic constipation that is usually caused by internal hemorrhoids (IH) and rectal mucosal prolapse (RMP). (bvsalud.org)

Gastric2

• The remaining blood from the esophagus is drained into the superficial veins lining the esophageal mucosa, which drain into the coronary vein ( left gastric vein ), which in turn drains directly into the portal vein . (en-academic.com)
• N-butyl-cyanoacrylate/thrombin) is recommended for acute bleeding from isolated gastric varices and type 2 gastro-oesophageal varices that extend beyond the cardia. (thesecretsofmedicine.com)

Veins8

• Hepatic cirrhosis arising from congestion in the hepatic portal vein may give rise to collateral circulation between branches of the portal and caval veins of the liver, or between the two caval veins. (wikipedia.org)
• Skin breakdown or ulceration caused by VARICOSE VEINS in which there is too much hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. (lookformedical.com)
• Варикозні вузли Varices are dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis. (msdmanuals.com)
• In medicine ( gastroenterology ), esophageal varices (or oesophageal varices ) are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower esophagus . (en-academic.com)
• The majority of blood from the esophagus is drained via the esophageal veins , which carry deoxygenated blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein , which in turn drains directly into the superior vena cava . (en-academic.com)
• These veins have no part in the development of esophageal varices. (en-academic.com)
• These superficial veins (normally only approximately 1mm in diameter) become distended up to 1-2 cm in diameter in association with portal hypertension. (en-academic.com)
• In situations where portal pressures increase, such as with cirrhosis , there is dilation of veins in the anastomosis , leading to esophageal varices. (en-academic.com)

Collaterals1

• Consequences of newly established venous collaterals arising from portal hypertension include esophageal varices and hemorrhoids (portocaval collateral circulation). (wikipedia.org)

Vein3

• the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein. (lookformedical.com)
• This leads to increased portal vein and hepatic sinusoid pressures as the blood flow stagnates. (wikipedia.org)
• Accordingly, these functions are performed later, after all the blood coming from this huge surface area has been collected and funneled via the portal vein into the liver. (helmberg.at)

Ulceration2

• Venous hypertension leads to increased pressure in the capillary bed, transudation of fluid and proteins into the interstitial space, altering blood flow and supply of nutrients to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and eventual ulceration. (lookformedical.com)
• Esophageal varices seven days post banding , showing ulceration at the site of banding. (en-academic.com)

Liver3

• Any obstruction of the venous vasculature of the liver is referred to as Budd-Chiari syndrome, from the venules to the right atrium . (wikipedia.org)
• At gradients greater than 10 mmHg, blood flow though the hepatic portal system is redirected from the liver into areas with lower venous pressures. (en-academic.com)
• Gas in the liver likely representing portal venous gas which can be seen in the setting of appendicitis vs less likely secondary to bowel ischemia. (illnesshacker.com)

Insufficiency1

• Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle. (lookformedical.com)

Cirrhosis1

• The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis. (medscape.com)

Complication1

• The images below depict esophageal varices, which are responsible for the main complication of portal hypertension, upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. (medscape.com)

Inferior2

• Budd-Chiari syndrome is also seen in tuberculosis , congenital venous webs and occasionally in inferior vena caval stenosis . (wikipedia.org)
• Normal portal pressure is approximately 9 mmHg compared to an inferior vena cava pressure of 2-6 mmHg. (en-academic.com)

Ascites1

• Volume resuscitation can also worsen ascites and increase portal pressure. (en-academic.com)

Endoscopy3

• Large esophageal varices with red wale signs seen on endoscopy. (medscape.com)
• Esophageal varices are diagnosed with endoscopy . (en-academic.com)
• In cases of refractory bleeding, balloon tamponade with Sengstaken-Blakemore tube may be necessary, usually as a bridge to further endoscopy or treatment of the underlying cause of bleeding (usually portal hypertension). (en-academic.com)

Variceal2

• Ligation is the recommended form of endoscopic therapy for acute oesophageal variceal bleeding. (thesecretsofmedicine.com)
• Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) or tissue adhesive can be used in bleeding from type 1 gastro-oesophageal varices. (thesecretsofmedicine.com)

Esophagus1

• Involved anatomy: Skeletal and smooth muscle along the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. (illnesshacker.com)

Endoscopic3

• AIM: To assess long-term efficacy and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy (CAES) with long injection needle for internal hemorrhoids. (bvsalud.org)
• Data from patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids treated with CAES using endoscopic long injection needle from April 2016 to December 2019 were collected. (bvsalud.org)
• CONCLUSION: The present study based on the largest sample size reported the long-term follow-up of the treatment for internal hemorrhoid with the CAES using endoscopic long injection needle. (bvsalud.org)

Diseases1

• Epidemiological survey results in China show that the prevalence of anorectal diseases is as high as 50.1% among which 98.08% of patients have hemorrhoid symptoms. (bvsalud.org)

Patients4

• patients with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop bleeding . (en-academic.com)
• RESULTS: Two hundreds and one patients with internal hemorrhoids underwent CAES with the long needle. (bvsalud.org)
• At the first follow-up, 62.7% of patients had both improved hemorrhoid grades and symptoms, and 27.4% had a significant improvement in both parameters. (bvsalud.org)
• At the second follow-up, 61.7% of the patients showed satisfactory improvement in their hemorrhoid grade and symptoms when compared with pre-surgery values. (bvsalud.org)

Capillary1

• A congenital disorder that is characterized by a triad of capillary malformations (HEMANGIOMA), venous malformations (ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA), and soft tissue or bony hypertrophy of the limb. (lookformedical.com)

Blood flow1

• Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. (lookformedical.com)

Common cause1

• The most common cause of esophageal varices is from aging changes in the vessels. (en-academic.com)

Upper1

• Involved anatomy: Tongue, muscles of mastication, soft palate (elevation to close nasopharynx), suprahyoid muscles (elevate larynx), epiglottis (occlude airway), cricopharyngeus muscle (release upper esophageal sphincter). (illnesshacker.com)

Develop1

• up to 39% develop venous thromboses, [17] and 12% may acquire Budd-Chiari. (wikipedia.org)

Leads1

• Resuscitation of all lost blood leads to increase in portal pressure leading to more bleeding. (en-academic.com)

Pressure1

• If the portal pressure rises above 12 mmHg, this gradient rises to 7-10 mmHg. (en-academic.com)

Lower1

• The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs. (lookformedical.com)

Return2

• To help venous blood return in a patient who is in shock, the nurse should elevate the patient's legs no more than 45 degrees. (rnpedia.com)
• For a patient who has heart failure or cardiogenic pulmonary edema, nursing interventions focus on decreasing venous return to the heart and increasing left ventricular output. (rnpedia.com)

Condition1

• BACKGROUND: Hemorrhoids are a common anal condition and can afflict an individual at any age. (bvsalud.org)

Treatment1

• Treatment of these types of varices may differ. (en-academic.com)

Greater2

• Esophageal balloon tamponade shouldn't be inflated greater than 20 mm Hg. (rnpedia.com)
• [ 2 ] A gradient greater than 5 mmHg is considered portal hypertension . (en-academic.com)