• Superficial thrombophlebitis is a thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins which presents as a painful induration with erythema, often in a linear or branching configuration forming cords. (wikipedia.org)
  • 826-7 Superficial thrombophlebitis is due to inflammation and/or thrombosis, and less commonly infection of the vein. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is generally a benign, self-limited disorder, however, it can be complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and even pulmonary embolism (PE) Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is known as Trousseau's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Suppurative thrombophlebitis is suspected when erythema extends significantly beyond the margin of the vein and is likely to be associated with significant fever. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound is indicated if superficial phlebitis involves or extends into the proximal one-third of the medial thigh, there is evidence for clinical extension of phlebitis, lower extremity swelling is greater than would be expected from a superficial phlebitis alone or diagnosis of superficial thrombophlebitis in question. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anticoagulation for patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis at increased risk for thromboembolism (affected venous segment of ≥5 cm, in proximity to deep venous system, positive medical risk factors). (wikipedia.org)
  • Septic thrombophlebitis Superficial vein thrombosis Smith B (27 March 2015). (wikipedia.org)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis is a common inflammatory-thrombotic disorder in which a thrombus develops in a vein located near the surface of the skin. (medscape.com)
  • Although superficial thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the lower extremities, it also has been described in the penis and the breast ( Mondor disease ). (medscape.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis can also develop anywhere that medical interventions occur, such as in the arm or neck (external jugular vein) when intravenous (IV) catheters are used. (medscape.com)
  • Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system receive little attention in medical and surgical textbooks. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis can occur spontaneously, especially in the lower extremities in the GSV, or as a complication of medical or surgical interventions. (medscape.com)
  • In each type of superficial thrombophlebitis, the condition presents as redness and tenderness along the course of the vein, usually accompanied by swelling. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis can also occur in the external jugular vein, if it has been used for an infusion site. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis of the upper extremities usually occurs at infusion sites or sites of trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis is a clinical diagnosis in which the clinician identifies tender and inflamed superficial veins. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis is aimed at patient comfort and at preventing superficial phlebitis from involving the deep veins. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial phlebitis with infection, such as phlebitis originating at an IV catheter site, is referred to as septic thrombophlebitis , a clinical entity requiring diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that are different from those applied to sterile phlebitis. (medscape.com)
  • Forty percent of patients with superficial thrombophlebitis without coexisting varicose veins and with no other obvious etiology (eg, intravenous catheters, intravenous drug abuse, soft tissue injury) have an associated DVT. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with superficial thrombophlebitis extending to the saphenofemoral junction are also at higher risk for associated DVT. (medscape.com)
  • If a patient is thought to have PE or has documented PE, the absence of tenderness, erythema, edema, or a palpable cord upon examination of the lower extremities does not rule out thrombophlebitis, nor does it imply a source other than a leg vein. (medscape.com)
  • Thromboangiitis obliterans is inflammatory thrombosis of small and medium-sized arteries and some superficial veins, causing arterial ischemia in distal extremities and superficial thrombophlebitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis is a manifestation of thrombosis that involves the superficial venous system of the lower limb. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • Diagnosis by ultrasound scanning is essential to exclude deep venous thrombosis and confirm the extent of the superficial thrombophlebitis. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • When superficial thrombophlebitis coexists with deep vein thrombosis, or when the main trunk of the saphenous veins in the vicinity of the junctions is affected, treatment with low molecular weight heparins should be initiated. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • The incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) in the general population ranges from 3% to 11%, 1-5 although this is considered to be an underestimate as only the more symptomatic cases seek medical attention. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • Auricular edema and erythema sparing the lobule. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis should be considered more strongly if severe superficial burning pain and agonizing hypersensitivity are present and are associated with vasomotor abnormalities such as edema, erythema, and hyperhidrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Nonvenereal sclerosing lymphangitis, penile venereal edema, and Mondor phlebitis. (mhmedical.com)
  • Surgical therapy with ligation of saphenofemoral junction or stripping of thrombosed superficial veins appears to be associated higher rates of venous thromboembolism compared with treatment with anticoagulants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most superficial veins that develop thrombosis also have phlebitis, in contrast to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a sometimes asymptomatic condition in which phlebitis may be absent. (medscape.com)
  • Thromboangiitis obliterans produces segmental inflammation in small and medium-sized arteries and, frequently, in superficial veins of the extremities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Superficial Venous Thrombosis Superficial venous thrombosis is a blood clot in a superficial vein of the upper or lower extremities or, less commonly, in one or more veins of the chest or breast (Mondor disease). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Another plant included in this product which helps combat cellulite and contributes in general to addressing problems related to blood circulation, is ruscus, Ruscus aculeatus L. Thanks to its rutoside content and its diuretic properties, it has beneficial effects on varicose veins and tired legs, as well as on phlebitis. (lipostabil-diy.com)
  • In some cases it may coexist with deep vein thrombosis, or may extend from the superficial system to the deep veins, increasing the risk of complications such as pulmonary embolism. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • Thrombus extension from the superficial system into the deep veins may occur through the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions and the perforating veins ( Figure 1 ). (phlebolymphology.org)
  • 23 However, it is unclear whether pulmonary embolism associated with STP results from a thrombus in the superficial veins, or after its progression to the deep venous system. (phlebolymphology.org)
  • Findings of tenderness, induration, pain and/or erythema along the course of a superficial vein usually establish a clinical diagnosis, especially in patients with known risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eye application may produce stinging, superficial punctate keratopathy, blepharitis or conjunctivitis. (medicscientist.com)
  • For topically usage: a burning sensation in the application area, superficial punctate keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis. (catalog.md)
  • Transdermal with virtual mesotherapy (electroporation, iontoforesis) or with superficial subcutaneous micro injections or with Derma Roller. (lipostabil-diy.com)
  • Administering superficial subcutaneous micro injections or by traditional mesotherapy method depends on the legislation of each country and has to be performed by medically trained staff. (lipostabil-diy.com)
  • Venous thromboembolism can occur with superficial vein thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • disabling vascular (thrombosis, superficial phlebitis) and central nervous system complications may occur. (scottishpaeds.org.uk)
  • Superficial vein thrombosis extension to the deep vein system and/or recurrence of SVT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lower extremity superficial phlebitis is associated with conditions that increase the risk of thrombosis, including abnormalities of coagulation or fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction, infection, venous stasis, intravenous therapy and intravenous drug abuse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are effective in relieving the pain associated with venous inflammation and were found in a randomized trial to significantly decrease extension and/or recurrence of superficial vein thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Warmth or erythema of skin can be present over the area of thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Homans sign, swelling, and erythema have sensitivities of 60-88% and specificities of 30-72% in well-designed studies for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (using venography as the reference standard). (scopeheal.com)
  • For external usage: in the application area may be a burning sensation, skin rash, itching, peeling, erythema, dry skin in contact with mucous membranes - inflammation. (catalog.md)
  • On palpation, small superficial and painful nodules are felt. (rajeevclinic.com)
  • Erythema induratum, also known as nodular vasculitis or Bazin disease, is categorized as a tuberculid skin eruption, which is a group of skin conditions associated with an underlying or silent focus of tuberculosis (TB). (rajeevclinic.com)
  • It is also used for skin problems such as couperose, a skin disease that manifests as facial erythema. (lipostabil-diy.com)
  • Later in the disease, as induration subsides, erythema gives way to a ruddy or bruised color. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment with compression stockings should be offered to patients with lower extremity superficial phlebitis, if not contraindicated (e.g., peripheral artery disease). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ectatic thin-walled blood vessels in the superficial dermis with overlying epidermal hyperplasia (See also Section 9 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • In fact, a positive Homan's sign can be triggered by factors such as superficial phlebitis, Achilles tendonitis, and injuries to the gastroc and plantar muscles. (scopeheal.com)
  • Complications of superficial phlebitis may include local infection and the formation of abscess or clots, as well as progression to deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. (arrhythmia.center)
  • Tenderness and erythema are often apparent at the initial site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • Findings of tenderness, induration, pain and/or erythema along the course of a superficial vein usually establish a clinical diagnosis, especially in patients with known risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, central line-associated deep vein phlebitis is often clinically occult, because the infected thrombus is located in the region of the catheter tip. (medscape.com)
  • They are oral aphthosis (OA) and genital aphthosis (GA). The third item is skin manifestations, comprising pseudofolliculitis (PF) and erythema nodosum (EN). (hindawi.com)
  • The number of CAC case increases worldwide, meanwhile the clear definition and diagnosis method about, it's complication, phlebitis anddelayed allergy for CA which is extremely rare but the risk of aggravation, are still controversial. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Histologically, erythema induratum lesions demonstrate a mixed granulomatous inflammatory process triggered by M tuberculosis or other antigens. (medscape.com)
  • Superficial septic phlebitis most often begins with a localized break in the skin, such as placement of an intravenous catheter, a puncture wound, an insect bite, a phlebotomy attempt, or an intravenous injection. (medscape.com)
  • The ClosureFastâ„¢ endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheter is intended for endovascular coagulation of blood vessels in patients with superficial vein reflux. (medtronic.com)
  • [ 4 ] Suppurative phlebitis is recognized when any amount of purulent material can be expressed from within or around the lumen of a vessel. (medscape.com)
  • Results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based interferon-gamma release assay blood test for tuberculosis are often positive in patients with erythema induratum, again suggesting that erythema induratum is a hypersensitivity reaction to a systemic infection, and that erythema induratum has features of both type III (immune-complex-mediated) and type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Baker et al, in a review of 100 patients with peripheral septic phlebitis, reported that 83% of patients note pain as the presenting complaint. (medscape.com)
  • The patient claims to have had rash similar to erythema migrans 1 year before the onset of these symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Erythema induratum, also known as nodular vasculitis or Bazin disease, is categorized as a tuberculid skin eruption, which is a group of skin conditions associated with an underlying or silent focus of tuberculosis (TB). (medscape.com)
  • Although nodular vasculitis and erythema induratum (Bazin disease) have historically been considered synonymous, the terms erythema induratum and Bazin disease are currently only used for cases of nodular vasculitis that are associated with M tuberculosis infection. (medscape.com)
  • Although erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis were once considered to be the same disease, nodular vasculitis is now considered a multifactorial syndrome of lobular panniculitis in which tuberculosis may or may not be one of a multitude of etiologic components. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis complex is classified into three variants: tuberculosis-associated erythema induratum (Bazin disease), erythema induratum associated with other diseases and drugs, and idiopathic erythema induratum. (medscape.com)
  • The morphologic, molecular, and clinical data suggest that erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis represent a common inflammatory pathway: an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to endogenous or exogenous antigens, one such antigen being M tuberculosis . (medscape.com)
  • Because erythema induratum involves vasculitis, it is likely that endothelial antigens are a target of cell-mediated cytotoxic processes occurring in erythema induratum. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of erythema induratum remains poorly understood, although there is consensus that the erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis complex is a multifactorial, immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Infection with M tuberculosis is considered to be an etiologic factor for erythema induratum that is associated with tuberculosis (Bazin disease), and, based on published reports, latent or active TB infection is the most common reported identifiable cause of erythema induratum. (medscape.com)
  • In 1861, Ernest Bazin gave the name erythema induratum to a nodular eruption that occurred on the lower legs of young women with tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Other members of the tuberculid group include papulonecrotic tuberculid, lichen scrofulosorum, and vascular reactions caused by tuberculosis, namely, nodular tuberculid and nodular granulomatous phlebitis, all of which are distinct from erythema induratum. (medscape.com)
  • More specifically, erythema induratum is thought to result from an immune-complex-mediated (type III hypersensitivity) vascular injury due to bacterial antigens. (medscape.com)