• As part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative End-Game Strategy, 1 dose of IPV is being introduced in all OPV-using countries to boost population immunity and prepare for the withdrawal of type 2 OPV ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Subsequently the Sixty-third session of the World Health Assembly adopted the new Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Strategic Plan 2010-20121 which aims at interrupting transmission globally by the end of 2012. (who.int)
  • The WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative has made steady progress on the path to eradication. (biosafety.be)
  • He congratulated work done in partnership with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, including World Health Organisation, United Nations Children's Fund, ROTARY and CDC. (medindia.net)
  • This online training will be used to teach and refresh participants on the basics of the poliovirus, introduce the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partnership, and provide an overview of our core response strategies and the remaining challenges to eradication. (openwho.org)
  • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is a partnership led by six agencies: WHO, CDC, UNICEF, Rotary, BMGF and GAVI. (openwho.org)
  • It provides an overview of the course, outlines the learning objectives, and includes an introduction by Michel Zaffran, Director of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative at the World Health Organization. (openwho.org)
  • These organizations, along with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Gates Foundation, have spearheaded the campaign through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). (wikipedia.org)
  • [23] Led by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 155 countries switched to use the bivalent (against wild types 1 and 3) between 17 April and 1 May 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the past 3 decades, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has strived to achieve a poliomyelitis (polio)-free world. (annals.edu.sg)
  • This report presents an update on theprogress and priority activities for the eradication initiative and summarizes thetechnical deliberations of the meeting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the inception of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, more than 2.5 billion children have been immunized against polio, leading to its elimination from much of the world. (asm.org)
  • The global efforts that resulted in these achievements were led by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), headed by WHO, Rotary International, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and UNICEF. (paho.org)
  • In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established. (kuenselonline.com)
  • In Bhutan, the last case of polio was reported in 1986, two years before the initiation of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). (kuenselonline.com)
  • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has set a benchmark of at least three AFP cases per 100,000 children under 15 years of age, a standard that Yemen has consistently met, thanks to the effectiveness of its surveillance system. (polioeradication.org)
  • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988 with the aim of completely clearing wild polio viruses by 2000. (researchgate.net)
  • Termination of vaccination may leave populations vulnerable to microbe reintroduction from an unforeseen reservoir or vaccine strain reversion (a risk now facing the poliomyelitis initiative). (givewell.org)
  • Since the advent of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, the incidence of poliomyelitis due to wild-type poliovirus has declined from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to 416 reported cases in 2013. (stanford.edu)
  • The plan is part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 ( http://bit.ly/1RsfNiN ). (aap.org)
  • Upon switching to bivalent oral polio vaccine, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative will deploy independent monitors to check on program performance and ensure complete removal of tOPV. (aap.org)
  • See also the Polio Eradication Initiative . (msdmanuals.com)
  • In Yemen, all acute flaccid paralytic conditions are reported to the Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system of the poliomyelitis eradication initiative. (scirp.org)
  • Because of the success of the routine childhood immunization program in the U.S. and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, polio has been eliminated in the Americas since 1991. (cdc.gov)
  • In this module, we will look what the GPEI partnership is and look at the current status of polio eradication. (openwho.org)
  • As GPEI focuses on the last endemic WPV reservoirs, poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) have emerged as a result of attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus regaining neurovirulence after prolonged circulation in underimmunized populations ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The updated GPEI Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 ( 4 ) includes expanded use of the type 2 novel oral poliovirus vaccine (nOPV2) to avoid new emergences of cVDPV2 during outbreak responses ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Oxford University Press, 2005, $30.00 April 12 was the day, 50 years ago, that the U.S. Public Health Service licensed the killed-virus vaccine against poliomyelitis developed by Jonas Salk. (technologyreview.com)
  • In September 2010 the Sixtieth Regional Committee, by its Resolution AFR/RC60/R4, adopted actions aimed at strengthening routine immunization and polio eradication activities in the African Region. (who.int)
  • The Committee also urged Member States to advocate for and foster continued collaboration with international and multilateral agencies, donor organizations and EPI partners to rally behind the goals of polio eradication and routine immunization in Africa. (who.int)
  • The two-day conference addressed key issues related to polio surveillance, immunization and eradication efforts, nationally and globally. (who.int)
  • This reflects the ongoing commitment of the National Poliomyelitis Eradication Certification Committee and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health in maintaining routine immunization, as well as implementing supplementary immunization activities and ensuring effective surveillance. (who.int)
  • The completion of poliovirus eradication in these two endemic countries continues to be jeopardized by lack of safe access to children in conflict-affected areas and inconsistent improvement in the quality and coverage of supplementary immunization activities in key areas. (who.int)
  • The most recent meeting of the Emergency Committee on Polio Eradication under the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) designated both countries as exporters of wild poliovirus and re-iterated recommendations on immunization of travellers to reduce the risk of wild poliovirus spread. (who.int)
  • Specifically, the supplement provides a straightforward assessment of successes and shortfalls of the endgame activities, and provides further insight into the synergistic relationship between polio eradication efforts and immunization systems around the world. (cdc.gov)
  • The polio eradication program is not a typical vertical program-polio resources and infrastructure fill in many gaps in the immunization systems that protect hundreds of millions of children from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) worldwide each year. (cdc.gov)
  • It reviews scientific information and studies in progress relevant to making a decision on stopping immunization against poliomyelitis, and defines priorities for research relevant to recommending a s. (bvsalud.org)
  • The infrastructure built to achieve polio eradication and the lessons learned will help world health leaders tackle future health burdens on a global scale, not unlike how measles elimination was a major driving force for building the National Immunization Program in the U.S., Dr. Orenstein said. (aap.org)
  • Because of the success of poliovirus vaccine, poliomyelitis, once one of the most feared human infectious diseases, is now almost entirely preventable by proper immunization (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • This report provides an update on the status of the four objectives of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 (Endgame Plan). (who.int)
  • The Secretariat will continue to report annually to the Health Assembly on progress towards all objectives of the Endgame Plan, until eradication of wild poliovirus globally has been certified. (who.int)
  • The polio eradication endgame strategic and legacy plan is on track. (who.int)
  • This brings the eradication effort to its final chapter, otherwise known as the polio endgame. (cdc.gov)
  • The absence of type 3 poliovirus worldwide since November 2012, and limited presence of type 1 poliovirus in only a few geographic areas of three countries, meant that partners needed to implement endgame activities for polio eradication. (cdc.gov)
  • At the end of the symposium, Neal Nathanson also chaired an open discussion entitled "The Endgame of Poliovirus Eradication" with Chumakov, Kew and Tangermann on the panel. (springer.com)
  • We are currently in the final phase of polio eradication - the endgame - where only one out of three wild polioviruses is still active," said Dr. Ruiz. (paho.org)
  • Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1988, the World Health Assembly established a goal of eradicating poliomyelitis worldwide by the year 2000 (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Polio eradication, the permanent global cessation of circulation of the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Rotary Foundation. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were 30 confirmed WPV cases in 2022, a decrease from 2019's 5-year high of 176, a 95.8% reduction from the 719 diagnosed cases in 2000 and a 99.91% reduction from the 35,251 reported cases when the eradication effort began in 1988. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1988, the WHO started its eradication program to eliminate the virus from the planet. (springer.com)
  • This report describes actions taken and progress achieved toward polio eradication in Pakistan during January 2014-September 2015 and updates previous reports ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Poliomyelitis outbreaks substantially raise the cost of the eradication program and hinder progress toward eradication, particularly if they are not swiftly controlled ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Progress report on poliomyelitis eradication in the African Region. (who.int)
  • discuss the progress of poliomyelitis eradication in Kuwait. (who.int)
  • Egypt made significant progress toward poliovirus eradication during 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 1994, when the countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR) began accelerating polio-eradication activities, substantial progress toward that goal has been made. (medscape.com)
  • Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--India, January 2004-May 2005. (medscape.com)
  • This report presents an overview of the summary and recommendations of the strategies for polio eradication and progress towards that goal, following which the each of the technical deliberations of t. (bvsalud.org)
  • This report updates progress during 1998 toward the global eradication target and describes accelerated activities to achieve the 2000 goal. (immunize.org)
  • This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2019-June 30, 2021 and updates previous reports ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 99% reduction in global annual incidence of poliomyelitis, but its continued use also means there is a risk for emergence and spread of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We used the best-fitting model (based on the Akaike Information Criterion [AIC]) to produce 6-month forecasts of poliomyelitis incidence. (nih.gov)
  • Estimated movement of poliovirus-infected individuals was associated with the incidence of poliomyelitis, with the radiation model of movement providing the best fit to the data. (nih.gov)
  • Six-month forecasts of poliomyelitis incidence by district for 2013-2016 showed good predictive ability (area under the curve range: 0.76-0.98). (nih.gov)
  • However, although the best-fitting movement model (radiation) was a significant determinant of poliomyelitis incidence, it did not improve the predictive ability of the multivariable model. (nih.gov)
  • From 1955 to 1962, 400 million doses of IPV were distributed in the U.S. The incidence of poliomyelitis was reduced from about 20,000 cases per year to 2,500 cases per year. (virology.ws)
  • The high transmissibility and pathogenicity of wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses means that poliomyelitis cases may be expected to cluster in space and time to a greater extent than do cases of AFP associated with other enteroviruses or noninfectious causes. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite these achievements, the continuing circulation of WPV1 and outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) present significant obstacles to overcome, before total eradication can be reached. (biosafety.be)
  • The updated guidance " WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment, 4th edition, 2022 (GAP IV) ", which is the chief guidance for poliovirus containment to eliminate any incident in facilities that store and/or work with polioviruses post-eradication, was endorsed by the WHO in 2022. (biosafety.be)
  • In 2015, with the Global Action Plan III (GAP III) the WHO defined a strategy to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk after type-specific eradication of wild polioviruses (WPV) and sequential cessation of routine OPV (oral polio vaccine) use. (biosafety.be)
  • Ultimately, OPV would no longer be used after eradication of the remaining two polioviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1949, David Bodian, Isabel Mountain Morgan, and Howard Howe at the Poliomyelitis Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University first established that polio comes not in a single variety but in at least three. (technologyreview.com)
  • Eradicating polio from Africa remains one of the major challenges to global eradication by the target date. (cdc.gov)
  • As the global eradication of poliomyelitis approaches the final stages, prompt detection of new outbreaks is critical to enable a fast and effective outbreak response. (cdc.gov)
  • The global eradication of polio is entering its final stages. (cdc.gov)
  • After certification of eradication of all types of WPV and oral poliomyelitis vaccination (OPV) cessation, facilities that will continue to handle poliovirus materials represent the most significant threat to maintaining global eradication. (biosafety.be)
  • from 2019 onwards*): begins for all WPV when certification of WPV eradication is obtained by all six WHO regions (at least 3 years after the last isolation of WPV) and starts for OPV/Sabin materials three months after global bOPV cessation. (biosafety.be)
  • The world is therefore looking to the Region to provide leadership in the final stages of global polio eradication. (who.int)
  • Foci of endemic circulation in both Pakistan and Afghanistan continue to delay global polio eradication and to impose the risk of international spread, particularly to countries at risk due to conflict and expanding areas of inaccessibility. (who.int)
  • The successful elimination and eventual eradication of the remaining wild polio viruses is related to the efforts of effective global, regional, and local partnerships. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result of these partnerships, eradication of polio means much more for global public health initiatives than the end of this debilitating disease. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2015, the Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis certified the eradication of type 2 poliovirus, making it the first human pathogen to be eradicated since smallpox. (cdc.gov)
  • Interruption of person-to-person transmission of the virus by vaccination is important in global polio eradication , [15] since no long-term carrier state exists for poliovirus in individuals with normal immune function, polio viruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature, [16] and survival of the virus in the environment for an extended period of time appears to be remote. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the fourth of six WHO regions to be certified, marking an important step towards global eradication of polio - a highly infectious virus that attacks the nervous system and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. (un.org)
  • Pakistan currently provides a substantial challenge to global polio eradication, having contributed to 73% of reported poliomyelitis in 2015 and 54% in 2016. (nih.gov)
  • Some believed that global eradication might be possible, although others were concerned that the far less developed infrastructure of health, transportation, and communications services in many parts of Asia and Africa would make it an unachievable task. (givewell.org)
  • No matter how long a country has been polio-free, as long as global polio eradication has not yet been achieved, the risk for importation remains and constant vigilance is required. (cnn.com)
  • Although type 3 has not been declared eradicated by the Global Commission for Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis, the strain has been undetected for more than three years and may have been eradicated. (aap.org)
  • She has represented the Academy during polio containment policy planning and at World Health Organization global partners meetings on ongoing eradication efforts, and has dedicated most of her career to studying the disease and polio vaccines. (aap.org)
  • BACKGROUND: The resurgence of poliovirus infection in previously polio free regions and countries calls for renewed commitment to the global polio eradication efforts including strengthening of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most important step in eradication of polio is interruption of endemic transmission of poliovirus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Successful eradication of infectious diseases has been achieved twice before, with smallpox in humans and rinderpest in ruminants. (wikipedia.org)
  • D. A. Henderson - the man who organized the worldwide eradication of smallpox - was then at the U.S. Communicable Disease Center (now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) in Atlanta. (technologyreview.com)
  • Historically, only one eradication program (smallpox) has been successful. (givewell.org)
  • Even the exception, smallpox, barely succeeded despite the many factors favorable to eradication. (givewell.org)
  • In conclusion, although the economics of polio eradication may have been thought to be favorable by some (Aylward and others 2003), they are far less favorable than were the economics of smallpox eradication, even assuming that polio vaccination could cease. (givewell.org)
  • AFP surveillance certification standard indicators are maintained and certification documentation and containment reports were submitted and reviewed by the Regional Commission for Certification of Poliovirus Eradication in April 2015. (who.int)
  • We fit mixed-effects logistic regression models to routine surveillance data recording the presence of poliomyelitis associated with wild-type 1 poliovirus in districts of Pakistan over 6-month intervals between 2010 to 2016. (nih.gov)
  • To be able to certify complete eradication, criteria must be met that involves a minimum of three years without detection of the virus in the presence of certification standard surveillance and laboratory bio-containment measures for wild poliovirus. (aap.org)
  • The conference aimed to acquaint clinicians and health care workers from diverse specialties including paediatrics, internal medicine, neurology, physiotherapy, orthopedics, family medicine and primary health care, prevention, nursing and laboratory services with their role in achieving polio eradication and on the post-eradication vaccination strategy globally and locally. (who.int)
  • In the Polio Round Table, new initiatives taken by the Government for complete eradication of polio from the country were discussed. (medindia.net)
  • After eradication, the routine use of oral polio vaccine (OPV) must end to avoid cases of paralysis related to the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • [2] However, the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), a form of the vaccine virus that has reverted to causing poliomyelitis, has led to the development of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) which aims to make the vaccine safer and thus stop further outbreaks of cVDPV2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing attention is being focused on collaboration with the regional office of WHO for Africa to coordinate eradication activities among countries of the Horn of Africa and countries that border western and southern Sudan. (cdc.gov)
  • This is a very special effort to try and make sure we don't generate any new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2," said Dr. Orenstein, co-author of the 2015 AAP clinical report on polio eradication ( http://bit.ly/polioCR ). (aap.org)
  • Material & Methods: The records of all patients followed with flaccid paralysis through the WHO program for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), concerning eradication of poliomyelitis with the differential diagnosis including TIN in governorates in Yemen. (scirp.org)
  • The last reported case of poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus type 2 was reported in 1999: wild poliovirus type 2 was officially certified as eradicated in September 2015. (who.int)
  • The long-term goal of GAP III was to ensure that no accidental release of poliovirus type 2 occurs after type-specific eradication. (biosafety.be)
  • Today, polio is on the cusp of eradication, with cases in only a few high-risk areas of three countries-Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. (cdc.gov)
  • This longitudinal study responds to this gap through an analysis of polio eradication campaigns in Nigeria. (bmj.com)
  • The other major problem for polio eradication in Nigeria are the Islamic militants Boko Haram. (npr.org)
  • But health officials in Nigeria say they are committed to pushing forward with the polio eradication drive. (npr.org)
  • At its Sixty-first session in May 2008, the World Health Assembly called for a new plan to complete polio eradication. (who.int)
  • To overcome these obstacles and achieve the goal of a polio-free world, a new strategy has been developed (The Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026). (biosafety.be)
  • Singapore was certified poliomyelitis (polio)-free by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 29 October 2000, together with 36 other countries in the Western Pacific. (annals.edu.sg)
  • The Polio Eradication Strategy for 2022-2026 outlines measures including increased government accountability and wider use of novel, oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 that are needed to eradicate polio. (cdc.gov)
  • Yesterday was the 50th anniversary of the licensing of the first vaccine against poliomyelitis, the inactivated poliovaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk. (virology.ws)
  • The introduction of the new vaccine is part of the WHO's "polio eradication and end game strategic plan" which deals with eradication of the disease not only by wild polio virus but also OPV. (kuenselonline.com)
  • Kroon FP , Weiland HT , van Loon AM , van Furth R . Abortive and subclinical poliomyelitis in a family during the 1992 epidemic in The Netherlands. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Asymptomatic and minor infections (abortive poliomyelitis) are more common than nonparalytic or paralytic infections by ≥ 60:1 and are the main source of spread. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Manifestations include a nonspecific minor illness (abortive poliomyelitis), sometimes aseptic meningitis without. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After eradication of wild poliovirus has been certified, the post-certification strategy2 will guide the world on the activities that need to be implemented and functions that must be sustained in order to maintain a world free of polio. (who.int)
  • The quality and scope of polio eradication activities improved considerably following the establishment of a national Emergency Operations Center, which coordinated polio eradication partners' activities. (cdc.gov)
  • All activities are following a National Polio Eradication Emergency Action Plan ( 4 ) that includes a rigorous action plan for the polio low transmission season (January−April). (cdc.gov)
  • This report provides a summary of the discussions, main findings / conclusions,and recommendations resulting from the meeting, related to the impact of polio eradication activities on health systems f. (bvsalud.org)
  • If eradication fails and vaccination levels drop after the eradication goal is abandoned, susceptible persons who were previously shielded from infection may become infected at a later age, when the disease can cause greater harm. (givewell.org)
  • Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by a poliovirus (an enterovirus). (msdmanuals.com)
  • References Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by a poliovirus (an enterovirus). (msdmanuals.com)
  • So, eradication of H. pylori is effective in healing ulcers, reducing the ulcer recurrence and eliminating the need for maintenance therapy.Objective: The aim of the work was to compare between the efficacy of traditional triple therapy and Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy in treatment of H. pylori infection and to evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin-based regimens as a rescue regimen for H. pylori eradication in resistant patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • This could be done using the example of certification of WPV3 eradication. (technet-21.org)
  • During the meeting Gates thanked the Government of India for making polio eradication a top priority. (medindia.net)
  • The case for cooperation in managing and maintaining the end of poliomyelitis: stockpile needs and coordinated OPV cessation. (medscape.com)
  • This I believe is the first time in history that they've gone this long without having a case," says Gregory Armstrong, chief of the polio eradication branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (npr.org)
  • Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The ability to find poliomyelitis cases has been improved and over 1 million additional children have been vaccinated in national vaccination campaigns. (cdc.gov)
  • On 24-25 August 1994, after three years without cases, the scientists and experts that formed the International Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis (ICCEP) informed PAHO's Director at the time, Dr. Carlyle Guerra de Macedo, that wild poliovirus transmission had been interrupted. (paho.org)
  • Rare cases of poliomyelitis are reported due to live attenuated poliovirus vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • The conference was organized by the National Poliomyelitis Eradication Certification Committee and sponsored by the Ministry of Health, Kuwait. (who.int)
  • Conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication - Geneva, Switzerland, October 2005. (cdc.gov)
  • This plan defines eradication strategies and clear milestones. (who.int)