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Exercise TestExercise ToleranceExerciseRisk AssessmentExercise TherapyPhysical ExertionOxygen ConsumptionPrognosisPredictive Value of TestsElectrocardiographyRisk FactorsHeart RatePhysical EnduranceDeath, Sudden, CardiacProspective StudiesAnaerobic ThresholdFollow-Up StudiesMyocardial InfarctionTime FactorsPhysical FitnessAsthma, Exercise-InducedBiological MarkersTreatment OutcomeCoronary DiseaseAngina PectorisChest PainROC CurveTroponin TBicyclingStroke VolumePulmonary Gas ExchangeHeart FailureElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryNatriuretic Peptide, BrainSurvival AnalysisMuscle, SkeletalSeverity of Illness IndexProportional Hazards ModelsEchocardiography, StressCohort StudiesMultivariate AnalysisRetrospective StudiesMyocardial IschemiaCoronary Artery DiseaseLactic AcidDyspneaErgometryAngina, UnstableBlood PressureCoronary AngiographyArrhythmias, CardiacSensitivity and SpecificityEchocardiographyRestKaplan-Meier EstimateReproducibility of ResultsTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonTroponin IVentricular Dysfunction, LeftSportsDefibrillators, ImplantableHemodynamicsRunningRespiratory Function TestsSurvival RateHeart DiseasesRiskTachycardia, VentricularAnalysis of VarianceChi-Square DistributionCardiovascular DiseasesVentricular Function, LeftDipyridamoleAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsSyncopeHeartRespirationAge FactorsCase-Control StudiesCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaPhysical Education and TrainingDouble-Blind MethodAcute DiseaseOxygenChronic DiseaseThallium RadioisotopesAcute Coronary SyndromeMyocardial Perfusion ImagingDiagnostic Techniques, CardiovascularBrugada SyndromePulmonary EmbolismWalkingForced Expiratory VolumeHeart Function TestsReference ValuesTroponinRegression AnalysisBreathing ExercisesMetabolic EquivalentSex Factors
PerfusionInfarctionIschemiaSubclinical coronary atherosclerosisSPECTCardiacAbnormalCoronary arteryTreadmillCardiovascular riskInterpretationStressFindingsSupplementPatientsImagingChestCellsSpecificCasesEventsMakeStudyAcute myocardialPrognosisPrevalenceEvaluationClinicalCardiovascular eventsPharmacologicHigh riskAbnormalitiesInterventionIschemicCoagulationFactorsStrokeComplicationsResultsLaboratoryPresentDiabetesImproveSimilarCapacityBloodOrderInfluenceType
Perfusion7
  • Imaging tests such as stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography can confirm a diagnosis when a person's history, physical exam, ECG and cardiac biomarkers suggest the likelihood of a problem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transient ischemic dilation (TID) in the setting of abnormal stress-rest cardiac SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been linked with increased cardiovascular risk. (snmjournals.org)
  • In this study, cardiac CT was used to evaluate the prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with TID of the left ventricle with or without associated myocardial perfusion defects on SPECT MPI. (snmjournals.org)
  • Transient ischemic dilation (TID) on stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is defined as the apparent presence of left ventricular (LV) dilation on poststress relative to rest images. (snmjournals.org)
  • Previous studies have suggested that TID in the context of reversible myocardial perfusion defects is associated with increased risk of severe, extensive multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • CT myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECIFIC trial). (stanford.edu)
  • Conclusions - In modern era where imagistic stress testing seems to have a better sensitivity, the old fashioned electrocardiographic stress test continues to have a good sensitivity and remains, due to the larger accessibility and lower cost compared with other techniques (stress echography, stress SPECT, myocardial perfusion imaging) the first option in the diagnostic algorithm of coronary artery disease. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
Infarction10
Ischemia4
  • As the heart loses its ability to pump blood, myocardial ischemia worsens and a self-perpetuating vicious cycle ensues, leading to death if not corrected. (medscape.com)
  • After dobutamine testing, esmolol, nitroglycerin, or both were used to revert ischemia and any hemodynamic changes, as appropriate. (silverchair.com)
  • The lack of serious complications and the high sensitivity to detect inducible ischemia in this patient population provide the basis for further evaluation of the safety and diagnostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography during general anesthesia in larger studies of patients at risk for coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery. (silverchair.com)
  • Although the pathophysiological mechanism of this increased mortality is unclear, it may be related to silent myocardial ischemia and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis [ 9 , 10 ]. (e-enm.org)
Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis1
  • Imaging tests can detect subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and aid initiation of targeted preventative efforts based on patient risk. (bvsalud.org)
SPECT2
  • The presence of TID with an otherwise normal SPECT MPI study does not translate into a greater extent of coronary artery disease as assessed by cardiac CT or increased risk for future major adverse cardiac events. (snmjournals.org)
  • TID in the setting of an abnormal SPECT MPI study has also been linked with increased cardiovascular risk and poor cardiovascular outcomes ( 8 - 11 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cardiac5
  • Cardiac markers or cardiac enzymes are proteins that leak out of injured myocardial cells through their damaged cell membranes into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now, the markers most widely used in detection of MI are MB subtype of the enzyme creatine kinase and cardiac troponins T and I as they are more specific for myocardial injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cardiac risk stratification test that can be performed during operation would be expected to give valuable information for the therapeutic management of patients who need urgent noncardiac surgery. (silverchair.com)
  • [1] Various strategies have been developed to assess and decrease cardiac risk in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery, [2-5] and guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation have been established. (silverchair.com)
  • [6] Strategies to assess and decrease cardiac risk in these patients are especially important because patients undergoing urgent surgery have a markedly higher incidence of cardiac complications compared with patients having elective surgery. (silverchair.com)
Abnormal1
  • CAN was defined as the presence of at least two abnormal tests or an autonomic neuropathy points ≥2. (e-enm.org)
Coronary artery3
  • [ 7 ] No single coronary artery lesion is associated with an increased risk for VF. (medscape.com)
  • Abstract: Purpose - Exercise stress testing (ET) is a valuable screening test for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • No correlation was found between the ECG teritory were ST depression appeared and the affected coronary artery, but ST elevation in lead aVR is an important indicator of significant left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis.The time of exercise (the exercise capacity) is correlated with the age of the patient. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
Treadmill1
Cardiovascular risk1
  • These results suggest that CAN is associated with carotid atherosclerosis, represented as CIMT and plaques, independent of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM. (e-enm.org)
Interpretation1
  • Mistakes in interpretation are relatively common, and the failure to identify high risk features has a negative effect on the quality of patient care. (wikipedia.org)
Stress3
Findings1
  • 1. We all must learn these high risk findings of coronary occlusion. (blogspot.com)
Supplement2
  • Crude and adjusted risk estimates are presented in eTable 3 in the Supplement . (jamanetwork.com)
  • In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Patients4
  • [7] For these patients, the guidelines suggest postoperative risk stratification. (silverchair.com)
  • TID-positive patients were compared with a 2:1 risk-factor-matched-pair control cohort without TID. (snmjournals.org)
  • TID was identified in 30 patients who were compared with TID-negative risk-factor-matched controls ( n = 60). (snmjournals.org)
  • A summary of available imaging tests for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk asymptomatic patients is outlined in this document. (bvsalud.org)
Imaging2
  • People who have a normal ECG and who are able to exercise, for example, do not merit routine imaging. (wikipedia.org)
  • We employed a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic information, clinical data and CT chest imaging parameters. (bvsalud.org)
Chest1
  • A chest radiograph and routine blood tests may indicate complications or precipitating causes and are often performed upon arrival to an emergency department. (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
  • [ 5 ] the impulse can propagate erratically through the variably refractory myocardial cells and establish reentrant patterns that result in chaotic ventricular depolarization. (medscape.com)
Specific1
Cases1
  • Echo may be performed in equivocal cases by the on-call cardiologist. (wikipedia.org)
Events1
  • Risk stratification and early preventive measures can reduce major cardiovascular events given the long latent asymptomatic period. (bvsalud.org)
Make1
Study1
  • Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: a cohort study. (jamanetwork.com)
Acute myocardial4
Prognosis2
Prevalence4
Evaluation2
  • The purpose of a preoperative evaluation is to assess whether a patient is medically optimized for the stress of surgery and to identify reversible factors that may increase the perioperative risk for the patient. (amboss.com)
  • Important components of the preoperative evaluation are a thorough history and physical examination , identification of patients at greatest risk of a perioperative adverse event , and appropriate diagnostic testing. (amboss.com)
Clinical5
  • We employed a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic information, clinical data and CT chest imaging parameters. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tests show variations in response to anticoagulants - some of which have clinical relevance. (degruyter.com)
  • This review focuses on biomarkers and subsequent changes in continuous measurement of cognitive and functional abilities in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD that aim to achieve a higher diagnostic accuracy for AD along with clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging. (degruyter.com)
  • Because harmonization and clear standardization of methods are lacking, the analytical variability often largely exceeds intra- and inter-individual biological differences, producing equivocal test results unreliable for clinical and antidoping testing. (degruyter.com)
  • When determining the treatment for asymptomatic carotid stenosis, one should consider several clinical factors including stenosis degree, patient life expectancy, stroke risk by medical treatment, availability of a vascular surgeon, high risk for CEA or CAS, and insurance coverage. (neurointervention.org)
Cardiovascular events2
  • Hence, it is desirable to identify people at high risk for cardiovascular events, especially people with unknown established severe coronary artery disease. (diabetes.ca)
  • Risk stratification and early preventive measures can reduce major cardiovascular events given the long latent asymptomatic period. (bvsalud.org)
Pharmacologic2
  • For those unable to perform an exercise test, imaging testing, such as pharmacologic, nuclear stress imaging, stress echocardiography, coronary artery calcium scoring or coronary computed tomography angiography may be required. (diabetes.ca)
  • We identified 4,103 consecutive patients referred for exercise or pharmacologic stress echocardiography during March 1997 to June 2010 at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Columbia University Hospital of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. (thoracickey.com)
High risk4
  • Mistakes in interpretation are relatively common, and the failure to identify high risk features has a negative effect on the quality of patient care. (wikipedia.org)
  • A summary of available imaging tests for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk asymptomatic patients is outlined in this document. (bvsalud.org)
  • Low-risk patients having low-risk surgery seldom need testing or intervention, while patients with a high disease burden having high-risk surgery often require extensive testing, consultation, and possible postponement of surgery . (amboss.com)
  • Instead, a treatment strategy with CAS should evolve to select eligible or medically high-risk patients more precisely. (neurointervention.org)
Abnormalities1
  • [ 3 ] However, other studies and/or tests may be necessary to identify structural abnormalities or conditions that can lead to or exacerbate HF. (medscape.com)
Intervention1
  • In 2002, however, Gruberg et al showed that patients with lower body mass index (BMI) had greater risk of cardiac death after a percutaneous coronary intervention. (thoracickey.com)
Ischemic1
  • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Migraine with aura is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but the mechanism by which these disorders are associated remains unclear. (cdc.gov)
Coagulation1
  • With the introduction of new anticoagulant agents, there is a need for information on which coagulation tests are most suitable. (degruyter.com)
Factors1
  • Preoperative preparation enhances surgical outcomes by improving the patient's functional status, mitigating identified risk factors , and optimizing perioperative medication regimens. (amboss.com)
Stroke3
  • Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Both disorders exhibit familial clustering, which may imply a genetic influence on migraine and stroke risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Only 1 of the tested SNP (NOS3 rs3918166) was associated with both migraine and stroke. (cdc.gov)
Complications1
  • Evaluate the patient's health and individual risk of perioperative complications. (amboss.com)
Results2
  • Instead, chromogenic assays, one-step prothrombinase-induced clotting time test and the HepTest with reduced incubation time, are among the different or modified tests that appear to give the most reproducible and accurate results. (degruyter.com)
  • Thus, it is important to be aware of the observed variations in order to prevent the misinterpretation of test results. (degruyter.com)
Laboratory1
  • Laboratory testing and/or monitoring of the new oral anticoagulants/antithrombotics: for and against? (degruyter.com)
Present1
  • People with diabetes are at increased risk for developing heart disease, and often present at an earlier age than people without diabetes. (diabetes.ca)
Diabetes4
  • Compared to people without diabetes, individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (especially women) are at higher risk of developing heart disease, and at an earlier age. (diabetes.ca)
  • The concept of coronary risk equivalency in people with type 2 diabetes has been challenged and a meta-analysis reported that this is not the case (4) . (diabetes.ca)
  • Therefore, there is heterogeneity in the CVD risk of people with diabetes, which needs to be better defined clinically. (diabetes.ca)
  • Stratifications by sex or by 3 racial groups showed similar patterns relating type 1 diabetes to month of birth. (cdc.gov)
Improve1
  • ASA-PS , RCRI , to improve perioperative risk estimation. (amboss.com)
Similar1
  • The VPN read hebrew provides using an No. j index when it is educational shops for VPN Medications from a DHCP summary or when the newly tested alternative anyone takes similar data that are within the g of cookies of an requested date. (amsinternational.org)
Capacity2
  • 6 METs were considered to have poor exercise capacity (PEC). (thoracickey.com)
  • Evaluate the procedural risk and the patient's health and functional capacity in order to: decide whether to proceed with surgery without delay, obtain further testing and/or specialist consultation, or consider delaying or canceling the procedure. (amboss.com)
Blood1
  • Basic tests such as serum urea and electrolytes, creatinine, full blood count, and liver and thyroid function tests are recommended to differentiate HF from other conditions, to provide prognostic information, and to guide potential therapy. (medscape.com)
Order1
  • Order advanced testing or specialty consultation if underlying health concerns are unclear or complex. (amboss.com)
Influence1
  • Consider delaying surgery if diagnostics and/or treatment are expected to influence perioperative risk. (amboss.com)
Type1
  • Evaluate surgical procedural risk based on surgery type and urgency. (amboss.com)