• Virulence-related outer membrane proteins, or outer surface proteins (Osp) in some contexts, are expressed in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are essential to bacterial survival within macrophages and for eukaryotic cell invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • These extracellular pathogens attach intimately to intestinal epithelial cells and cause signature lesions by effacing the brush border microvilli, a property they share with other "attaching and effacing" (A/E) bacteria, including the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. (bvsalud.org)
  • For this, cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were infected with Opc-expressing Nm for extended periods and the locations of internalised bacteria and α-actinin were examined by confocal microscopy. (bris.ac.uk)
  • The development of antibiotic resistance in periodontopathogens is a major issue given that these bacteria may migrate from the oral cavity to other organs where they may cause infections or transfer their antibiotic resistances to other bacterial species. (nature.com)
  • Binding of BPI to the lipid A moiety of LPS exerts multiple anti-infective activities against gram-negative bacteria: 1) cytotoxicity via sequential damage to bacterial outer and inner lipid membranes, 2) neutralization of gram-negative bacterial LPS, 3) opsonization of bacteria to enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils. (biovendor.com)
  • This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
  • As conclusions our results show that DHA anti-effects are associated with changes of bacteria morphology and metabolism, and with alteration of outer membrane proteins composition, that ultimately reduce the adhesion of bacteria and the burden of contamination affects half of the world population and is associated with chronic gastritis, ulcer disease and gastric cancer [1]. (cgp60474.com)
  • Our outcomes demonstrate that DHA inhibits development through alteration of bacterial membrane proteins composition resulting in impaired bacteria-host cell adhesion and a lower life expectancy burden from the bacteria-related irritation. (cgp60474.com)
  • The aim of this investigation was to compare the principal culturable bacterial populations on the rectal mucosa of UC patients, and to determine whether specific antibodies towards these bacteria can activate infiltrating PMN through opsonisation. (bmj.com)
  • Gonococci enter the body by attaching to nonciliated columnar mucosal epithelial cells using specialized surface structures on the bacteria known as pili (Fig. 46.1). (pediagenosis.com)
  • Following endocytosis of the bacteria, vacuoles containing viable and replicating gonococci pass through the cell from the mucosal surface to the subepithelial membrane. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In this study, we analyzed three bacterial toxins and five culture supernatants of selected bacteria with known toxicity as model agents exposed to the lung epithelial cell line NuLi-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs), a type of cell-membrane-based EVs, which are derived from bacteria membrane architecture, own nanoscale vesicle structures containing biomembrane elements of phospholipids. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Activated lactoferrin (ALF) is a new form of a naturally occurring protein from milk that acts as a powerful deterrent to pathogenic bacteria that may be present on a meat surface. (ift.org)
  • LF-mediated outer-membrane damage in Gram-negative bacteria (Ellison et al. (ift.org)
  • The interaction of LF with microbial surfaces-OMPs of Gram-negative bacteria in particular-has led to other antimicrobial mechanisms, such as the inhibition of microbial attachment to sub-epithelial matrix proteins and detachment of bacteria from mucosal surfaces. (ift.org)
  • It is proposed that the biofilm phenotype of S . Typhi allows the bacteria to increase production of the membrane matrix in order to serve as a physical shield and to adhere to surfaces, and enter an energy conservation state in response to the stressful environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These proteins have revealed many aspects of the relationships between the bacteria, the gastric mucosal surface, and the final outcome of the disease. (nimml.org)
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • gram-negative bacteria are protected by lipopolysaccharides in their outer membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The antimicrobial protein BPI (Bactericidal Permeability Increasing protein) is a 55 kDa protein found in the primary (azurophilic) granules of human neutrophils and has also been detected on surface of neutrophils, small intestinal and oral epithelial cells. (biovendor.com)
  • To date, only one bacterial factor has been shown to mediate intestinal adherence by O157:H7, the outer membrane protein intimin which was originally discovered in the Principal Investigator's laboratory. (usda.gov)
  • For each of these factors we will construct isogenic non-polar mutations in the structural gene and test the mutants for decreased adherence in differential intestinal epithelial cell lines, freshly harvested human intestinal epithelial cells, and in a gnotobiotic piglet model of disease. (usda.gov)
  • Folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1, PSMA , GCPII) frees folate in the duodenal brush border cells, helping its intestinal absorption. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • it is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues, including intestinal and colonic epithelia, basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules, and blood-brain barrier , and although usually it is considered to be a facilitative transporter, in case of negatively charged folates it can work strongly against concentration gradient. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Peristalsis and the normal loss of intestinal epithelial cells remove microorganisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The green and black tea extracts, EGCG, and theaflavins decreased the adherence of F. nucleatum to oral epithelial cells and matrix proteins. (nature.com)
  • Members of this group include: PagC, required by Salmonella typhimurium for survival in macrophages and for virulence in mice Rck outer membrane protein of the S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis virulence plasmid Ail, a product of the Yersinia enterocolitica chromosome capable of mediating bacterial adherence to and invasion of epithelial cell lines OmpX from Escherichia coli that promotes adhesion to and entry into mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • C jejuni is attracted to mucus and fucose in bile, and the flagella may be important in both chemotaxis and adherence to epithelial cells or mucus. (medscape.com)
  • Adherence may also involve lipopolysaccharides or other outer membrane components. (medscape.com)
  • Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana adherence to and entry into cultured human epithelial cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This protein disappears from the bacterial surface around 2 weeks after infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection of epithelial cells with either wildtype EPEC or an isogenic espZ deletion mutant (ΔespZ) robustly upregulated FIS1 abundance, but a marked increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy was seen only in ΔespZ-infected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gingiva and bone that supports the teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nosocomial spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection documented by outer membrane protein subtype analysis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Experimental combined viral and bacterial infection (influenza C and Hemophilus influenzae type b) in embryonated eggs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Bacterial dynamics in combined infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • During chronic H. pylori infection hosts develop complex immune responses to cope with bacterial persistence that result in a variety of outcomes ranging from peaceful co-existence to detrimental disease. (nimml.org)
  • Macrophages interact with T helper (Th) cells during infection and release cell-polarizing cytokines such as IL-17 [ 8 ]. (nimml.org)
  • In addition, H. pylori infection also involves neutrophils and increased antigen presenting activity of dendritic cells (DC) [ 9 ]. (nimml.org)
  • Currently, the model is able to predict the distinct time-dependent behavior of the three main CD4+ T cells (Th1, Th17 and iTreg) showing an increased Th17 response at the early stage of infection that switches to a Th1 predominance in the chronic phase of the infection. (nimml.org)
  • Foci of infection in the oral cavity arising from chronic periodontitis or chronic periapical abscesses (ie, inflammation and abscess of the tissue attached to the apex of the root) may lead to subacute bacterial endocarditis (BE) and glomerulonephritis (GN). (medscape.com)
  • Periodontitis is a common chronic bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth. (medscape.com)
  • The colonization mechanism for the cell invasion is not yet fully understood, but the bacterium is known to attach firmly to the epithelial cells through an outer membrane protein called intimin. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we present a protocol for visualisation and quantification of the colocalisation of the bacterium with intracellular proteins after bacterial entry into human endothelial cells, although the procedure is also applicable to human epithelial cells. (bris.ac.uk)
  • This bacterium synthesizes three membrane proteins of 48, 50 and 77 kDa capable of binding haem, unfortunately their identities remains undetermined [ 17 ]. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • Our data suggest that mechanisms of mononuclear phagocyte response to H. pylori occur sequentially and may depend on the location of the bacterium with respect to the host cell. (nimml.org)
  • Adherens junctions, formed by E-cadherin proteins, linked for the cytoskeletion by catenins are accountable for the maintenance of cell-cell adhesion even though becoming involved in many intracellular signaling and transcriptional pathways. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Mucins fulfill several roles, forming a mesh hampering epithelial access to noxious stimuli, acting as lubricant at the same time as (decoy) receptors for pathogens, associating with many cytokines and development variables, and, for membrane bound mucins, influencing intracellular signaling pathways for instance NFkB or b-catenin (182). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • We report that bacterial interaction with the host intracellular environment caused significant suppression of regulatory NLRC3 and NLRX1 in a pattern inverse to early regulatory responses. (nimml.org)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aggregate of microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) adhere to each other and/or to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Local secretions also contain immunoglobulins, principally IgG and secretory IgA, which prevent microorganisms from attaching to host cells, and proteins that bind iron, which is essential for many microorganisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition to bacterial organisms, oral microorganisms can include fungal, protozoal, and viral species. (medscape.com)
  • response and metabolism and altered bacterial lipopolysaccharide phenotype. (cgp60474.com)
  • The phenotype of S . Typhi biofilm cells is significantly different from the free-swimming planktonic cells, and studies have shown that they are associated with antibiotic resistance, immune system evasion, and bacterial persistence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • STEC has been characterized as a moderately invasive enteric pathogen because it is unable to invade the host cell cytoplasm but secretes phage-encoded Shiga toxin (Stx) that activates the signal pathway, leading to cell death and disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The diarrhea-causing pathogen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) secretes proteins into host cells to alter their behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • Unlike the normal mucosa, the UC mucosa contains large numbers of IgG plasma cells, reminiscent of a typical peripheral immune response towards an invading pathogen, leading to local deposition of IgG on epithelial cells. (bmj.com)
  • Bartonella henselae is a fastidious, Gram-negative bacterial pathogen of cats and humans. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Additionally, BMVs consist of considerable proteins, for example, original bacterial antigens and pathogen-associated molecular pattern components [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • We systematically recognized and characterised the seven DUF1127 members of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens All of them give rise to genuine proteins and are differentially expressed as proven on the RNA and protein ranges. (eqalix.com)
  • As shown in figure 1, the inflammatory response towards H. pylori is initiated through the interaction between the pathogen lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on gastric epithelial cells [ 6 ]. (nimml.org)
  • Mycoplasma genitalium is a human pathogen adhering to host target epithelial cells and causing urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. (nature.com)
  • The human pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium , a member of the pneumoniae cluster of mycoplasmas, binds to eukaryotic cells by means of its adhesion complex, the Nap. (nature.com)
  • The inflammatory infiltrate consists of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA in the tumour microenvironment activates neutrophils and is associated with worse outcomes in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. (leiferlab.com)
  • It can be part of the bacterial flora of the skin, particularly in moist regions such as the axillae, groin and toe webs, and up to 43% of healthy adults can have colonization of skin and mucous membranes with higher rates among hospital personnel and patients. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Many mucous membranes are bathed in secretions that have antimicrobial properties. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Naoise McGarry, Stephen Smith, Escherichia coli serum resistance : roles for cell number and Haemolysin. (tcd.ie)
  • The high-affinity interaction of LF with pore-forming outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative enterics, including Escherichia coli , is critical for the antimicrobial outcome of LF (Gado et al. (ift.org)
  • Mucin expression is regulated by many signals, which includes cytokines which include TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-13 or IL-17, development elements like EGF, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, bacterial and viral products or proteases (238). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Type I interferons (IFNs) produced in response to infections with either bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens are critical to induce antimicrobial defenses in infected and adjacent cells to reduce the spread of microbes, initiate communication between innate and adaptive immunity, and to promote the survival of the host [ 1 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Crypt abscesses develop in the epithelial glands, and ulceration of the mucosal epithelium occurs. (medscape.com)
  • 18 Studies on B cell receptor gene usage of these infiltrating IgG positive lymphocytes demonstrate that they are of peripheral and not mucosal origin in UC versus controls. (bmj.com)
  • The Opc protein of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm, meningococcus) is a surface-expressed integral outer membrane protein, which can act as an adhesin and an effective invasin for human epithelial and endothelial cells. (bris.ac.uk)
  • As no surface expressed α-actinin was found on any of the eight cell lines examined, and as Opc interactions with endothelial cells in the presence of serum lead to bacterial entry into the target cells, we examined the possibility of the two proteins interacting intracellularly. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Type I IFN activated STAT1 and STAT2 also form other heterodimers, including STAT1-STAT3, STAT1-STAT4, STAT1-STAT5, and STAT2-STAT3 in specific cell types such as endothelial cells or cells of lymphoid origin [ 3 , 12 - 14 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • It may also invade and proliferate within heart and coronary artery endothelial cells, and, along with Streptococcus sanguis, it may also induce platelet aggregation associated with thrombus formation. (medscape.com)
  • Borrelia burgdorferi (responsible for Lyme disease) outer surface proteins play a role in persistence within ticks (OspA, OspB, OspD), mammalian host transmission (OspC, BBA64), host cell adhesion (OspF, BBK32, DbpA, DbpB), and in evasion of the host immune system (VlsE). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is suggested that this type of binding promotes cell adhesion and invasion and helps defend against the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The property of adhesion to human epithelial cells in the presence of fimbriae and / or capsular polysaccharide 4,5 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Once inside the host cells, it localizes under the point of bacterial attachment and interacts with the protein zonulin (ZO-1) and the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) [ 4 ]. (nimml.org)
  • Essential for infectivity is a transmembrane adhesion complex called Nap comprising proteins P110 and P140. (nature.com)
  • tein, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule mRNA were also increased in olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
  • Types of Membrane Vesicles Acting as Tumor Vaccines" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36345 (accessed November 30, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Membrane vesicles, a group of nano- or microsized vesicles, can be internalized or interact with the recipient cells, depending on their parental cells, size, structure and content. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Membrane vesicles fuse with the target cell membrane, or they bind to the receptors on the cell surface, to transfer special effects. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Academic institutions and industrial companies are putting in effort to design, modify and apply membrane vesicles as potential tumor vaccines contributing to tumor immunotherapy. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • There are two types of phospholipid-membrane-based nanovesicles: pure lipid and/or protein vesicles and comparatively complex cell-membrane-derived vesicles (also called extracellular vesicles (EVs)) [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Furthermore, cell-derived membrane vesicles are regarded as nano- to micrometer-sized containers comprising components such as cellular proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, for the reason that cell plasma or cytosol membranes can enclose these contents while membrane vesicles are secreted [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • As membrane vesicles have a general characteristic, they contain a lipid bilayer structure that can package hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration and recently approved by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture for use on fresh beef, ALF can be sprayed onto carcasses to help prevent bacterial contamination during processing or can be applied to a subprimal or finished beef surface prior to final packaging to inhibit bacterial growth and extend shelf life. (ift.org)
  • Dr. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi- Regulation of Rab proteins by cytokines. (jnu.ac.in)
  • Thus, deciphering effector-induced host cell modifications is critical for understanding A/E bacterial pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several of the â ¼20-45 effector proteins delivered into the host cell modify disparate mitochondrial properties, some via direct interactions with the mitochondria and/or mitochondrial proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • EPEC and related attaching-and-effacing (A/E) pathogens use a type III secretion system to hierarchically deliver effector proteins into host cells and manipulate epithelial structure and function. (bvsalud.org)
  • This combination of effector cells requires a crosslinking antigen to evoke an antibody driven PMN inflammatory response via their Fc receptors. (bmj.com)
  • CagA is an effector protein injected into the gastric epithelial cells by a type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI). (nimml.org)
  • Several reports have demonstrated the ability of STEC strains to invade epithelial cells in vitro, although in small numbers ( 2 , 3 ), but no reports of invasion in vivo have been published. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we use comparative genomics approaches to understand how genetic variation amongst bacterial strains influences disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are a number of challenges to applying GWAS to bacterial infections, including the difficulty of obtaining matched controls, multiple strain colonization and the possibility that causative strains may not be present when disease is detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The component of adult surface cell lipid bilayer with the fastest turnover is phosphatidylcholine and is due to deacylation/reacylation, not to the sloughing of membranes [ 497 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Reduced folate carrier is constitutively expressed on immune cells, including the non-proliferating macrophages. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Bacterial pathogens strategically manipulate host cell structures and functions during the process of colonization and expansion, and this eventually contributes to disease symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro studies have uncovered the mechanistic basis for the actions of some of these effectors, including their mitochondrial targeting, interaction partners, and consequent impacts on mitochondrial morphology, oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production, disruption of membrane potential, and intrinsic apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • More recently, we observed an interaction of Opc with a 100kDa protein found in whole cell lysates of human cells3. (bris.ac.uk)
  • We initially observed this interaction when host cell proteins separated by electrophoresis and blotted on to nitrocellulose were overlaid with Opc-expressing Nm. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Conjugate vaccine technology, where a polysaccharide antigen is coupled chemically to a protein carrier, either by direct linkage or by indirect coupling via diamino spacer molecules, can render the PS specific immune response T cell dependent. (bmj.com)
  • Thus a relatively stable adult schistosome surface membrane escapes immune recognition and damage by employing active processes which result in reduced surface antigenicity [ 495 ] and the development of a tegument intrinsically resistant to immune damage [ 492 ] - a potentially useful example for medical nanorobotics. (nanomedicine.com)
  • ArticlePlante-Bordeneuve et al.Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary FibrosisTHE EPITHELIUM AS A PHYSICAL BARRIER Mucins and Mucociliary ClearanceThe mucus layer covering the respiratory tract epithelium is capable to trap and take away noxious stimuli thanks to mucociliary clearance and cough, forming the lung's 1st line of defense inside the airways (16). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Based on versatile features, they can modulate the functions of immune cells and therefore influence immune responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Therefore, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to recognize and absorb BMVs, and subsequently signaling pathways in immune cells are activated followed by specific immune responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Innate immune cells play a decisive role in host fate by enabling high bacterial loads and minimizing the immunological impact of this burden in the gastric mucosa. (nimml.org)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been suggested that lysogeny may generally have a role in bacterial survival in animal hosts, and perhaps in pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dozens of bacterial factors are involved in H. pylori molecular pathogenesis (i.e. flagella, urease, catalase, neutrophil-activating protein Nap-A, vacA and cagA). (nimml.org)
  • The stx genes are located in a bacteriophage integrated into the bacterial genome, and the production of Stx is linked with the replication cycle of the phage ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It also has a role in the resistance against attack by the human complement system a Bacteriophage lambda outer membrane protein, Lom OspA/B are lipoproteins from Borrelia burgdorferi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and organic anion transporters (OATs) transport folates in addition to many other substrates, mostly in epithelial tissues. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • This process leads to bacterial invasion of endothelial cells2. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Previous workers have shown that serial passage in vitro leads to attenuation of virulence-associated attributes such as expression of pili, invasion of human epithelial cell lines and the stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Airway epithelial cells constitutively express the BPI gene and produce the BPI protein and, therefore, BPI may be a critical determinant in the development of LPS-triggered airway disease. (biovendor.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral bacterial, has been associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis, duodenitis, and is believed to be the causative agent of gastric cancer. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • They also prevented biofilm formation by F. nucleatum at concentrations that did not interfere with bacterial growth. (nature.com)
  • This protein is encoded by the gene eae on a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement, and the bacterial fimbriae are presumed to be involved in the process ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The protein identified was FrpB3, its respective gene was overexpressed with haemoglobin. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Das D, Tapryal N, Goswami S.K., Fox P.L, and Mukhopadhyay C.K. Regulation of Ceruloplasmin in human hepatic cells by redox active copper: Identification of a novel AP-1 site in ceruloplasmin gene. (jnu.ac.in)
  • We finish by discussing how DUF1127 may confer such a worldwide impression on cell physiology and gene expression. (eqalix.com)
  • Sequencing libraries were prepared from S . Typhi planktonic cells and mature biofilm cells using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the transcriptome data obtained were processed using Cufflinks bioinformatics suite of programs to investigate differential gene expression between the two phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EspZ interacts with FIS1, a protein that induces mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Endocrine cells which secrete GASTRIN, a peptide that induces GASTRIC ACID secretion. (umassmed.edu)
  • Soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) triggers release of cytokine IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy and infected individuals [ 505 ], and the IL-10 then suppresses lymphoproliferative responses to SWAP by 90-100% [ 504 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • FIS1-depleted cells were protected against ΔespZ-induced fission, and EspZ-expressing transfected epithelial cells were protected against pharmacologically induced mitochondrial fission and membrane potential disruption. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consistent with the contrasting impacts on organelle shape, mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved in ΔespH-infected cells, but profoundly disrupted in ΔespZ-infected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mucins are glycosylated proteins that help constitute this visco-elastic layer, isolating the underlying structures from the outer planet. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Both 3D models showed that they are structurally conserved because they have the typical barrel structure, which is inserted in membrane, also, the motifs necessary for Hb-binding were identified in all the structures. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Moreover, these loops form a protruding beta sheet, the edge of which presumably binds to external proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteriostasic effect is enhanced when LF binds to a microbial cell surface (Dalamastri et al. (ift.org)
  • Folates are molecules that have a pteridine ring that can be reduced or oxidized, a para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) linker that together with the pteridine ring binds 1C units, and a variable chain length polyglutamate tail that serves to localize the molecule within the cell. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • The Yersinia enterocolitica Ail protein is a known virulence factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lom is found in the bacterial outer membrane, and is homologous to virulence proteins of two other enterobacterial genera. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • The antimicrobial functionality of LF is dependent on its protein conformation and milieu conditions (Naidu and Arnold, 1997). (ift.org)
  • Proteins in this family are predicted to consist of eight transmembrane beta-sheets and four cell surface-exposed loops. (wikipedia.org)
  • The toxin forms transmembrane pores, which leads to the collapse of the cells and epithelial cells can no longer exercise their barrier function [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibodies from UC patients greatly enhanced the respiratory burst in PMN, in response to individual bacterial species. (bmj.com)
  • MPORTANCE Regardless of being prevalent in quite a few ecologically and clinically related bacterial species, the organic function of proteins with a website of unknown perform, DUF1127, is unclear. (eqalix.com)
  • The type I IFN-induced CrkL pathway is critical for the proliferation of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The established assays revealed the concentration dependent onset and intensity of bacterial cytotoxicity and the viability of the cells at 24 h and 48 h exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct differences were observed in some bacterial populations in UC biopsies, which were generally reflected in antibody responses towards these organisms. (bmj.com)
  • Iron is essential micronutrient for all the organisms because of its ability to function as a protein bound red-ox element. (jnu.ac.in)
  • Recombinant M2e outer membrane vessicle vaccines protect against lethal influenza A challenge in BALB/c mice. (leiferlab.com)
  • The research for my thesis focused on studying the interactions between nanoparticles and cellular membranes in an attempt to understand potentially toxic effects of nanoparticles. (columbiabasin.edu)
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
  • Periodontitis treatments are aimed at eliminating the periodontal bacterial load by supragingival and subgingival mechanical debridement. (nature.com)
  • Campylobacter infections are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately poultry meat is one of the major sources of food borne bacterial infections in humans such as Salmonellosis (Mayrhofer et al. (ac.be)
  • Inflammation induced by LPS possibly contributes to the development of rapid airflow decline, a serious and often fatal complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation. (biovendor.com)
  • Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inflammasomes activation recruits ACS (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain) and the cysteine protease caspase 1 through caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) to induce the proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase1 to generate mature and active caspase 1, which further process pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to the final production of bioactive IL-1β and IL-18 proteins [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibitors of bacterial folate synthesis can be used as antibiotics. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
  • Although OmpX has the same beta-sheet topology as the structurally related outer membrane protein A (OmpA) InterPro: IPR000498, their barrels differ with respect to the shear numbers and internal hydrogen-bonding networks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human body does not recognize the adult worms as foreign material because, although purified schistosomal tegumental protein is potently immunogenic [ 509 ], the adult parasites can remake their surfaces constantly and cover them with native molecules taken from the human host [ 510 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • The human lung expresses 16 distinctive sorts of mucins, which could be separated into two households, namely secreted ( MMP-14 Inhibitor Storage & Stability predominantly MUC5AC and MUC5B) and membrane-bound mucins (primarily MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) (17). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • This protein was identified by mass spectrometry and its expression was quantified by real time technique under different human iron sources. (walshmedicalmedia.com)