Epithelial lymphoid th2 cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Increased Il4, Il13, Ccl17, and Il25 expression was accompanied by recruitment of Th2 lymphocytes, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and eosinophils to the lung. (nih.gov)
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. (bvsalud.org)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as critical mediators in driving allergic airway inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to produce the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 that initiate innate immunity-driven allergic responses. (justia.com)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
This important study describes the protective role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in tissue physiology and contributes to immunity, inflammatory pathology, and metabolism in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)

Releasing of this cytokine is associated with necrosis or mechanical damage of epithelial or endothelial tissues caused by injury or inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we show that expression of SPDEF or FOXA3 in airway epithelial cells in neonatal mice caused goblet cell differentiation, spontaneous eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. (nih.gov)
SPDEF was required for goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary Th2 inflammation in response to house dust mite (HDM) extract, as both were decreased in neonatal and adult Spdef(-/-) mice compared with control animals. (nih.gov)
Together, our results indicate that SPDEF causes goblet cell differentiation and Th2 inflammation during postnatal development and is required for goblet cell metaplasia and normal Th2 inflammatory responses to HDM aeroallergen. (nih.gov)
TSLP acts on infiltrating effector T cells to drive allergic skin inflammation. (nature.com)
Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. (bvsalud.org)
However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNÎ³ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that the uterine microvascular dysfunction that follows pulmonary ENM exposure may be initiated via activation of lung-resident ILC2 and subsequent systemic Th2-dependent inflammation. (cdc.gov)
The epithelial compartment can also respond to environmental stimuli with a range of cytokines (including IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, and IL-1alpha) that may trigger and perpetuate airway inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
1- 5 Moreover, we have previously shown that the Th1 cell response in fetal gut explants results in villous atrophy and crypt cell hyperplasia, 6, 7 thus supporting the role of local Th1 cell inflammation in promoting CD associated tissue damage. (bmj.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION. (lookformedical.com)
The presence of inflammation is attributed to T-helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. (nursingce.com)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, an altered epithelial barrier function contributes to intestinal inflammation in patients with UC, while aberrant innate immune responses, such as antimicrobial peptide production, innate microbial sensing and autophagy are particularly associated to CD pathogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
If inflammation (redness) is present in the cells on the Pap smear, it means that some white blood cells were seen on your Pap smear. (com.ng)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The peripheral airways are constantly in contact with broncho-alveolar cells (BACs), which are mainly composed of alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes (also found in a compartment of the respiratory tract epithelium). (breathinglabs.com)
The active vitamin D generating enzyme, 1a-hydroxylase, is expressed by the airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes indicating that active vitamin D can be produced locally within the lungs. (vitamindwiki.com)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)

Many pathologic immune responses in asthma are "type 2", that is they are characterized by aberrant production of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 by CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. (rochester.edu)
The initiation of type 2 immune responses by the epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP has been an area of extensive research in the past decade. (nature.com)
Such studies have led to the identification of a new innate lymphoid subset that produces the canonical type 2 cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33. (nature.com)
These group 2 or type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) represent a critical source of type 2 cytokines in vivo and serve an important role in orchestrating the type 2 response to helminths and allergens. (nature.com)
Saenz, S.A., Taylor, B.C. & Artis, D. Welcome to the neighborhood: epithelial cell-derived cytokines license innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal sites. (nature.com)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lack antigen receptors but are equipped with receptors for cytokines, hormones, and paracrine signals enabling them to sense their environment and respond quickly by producing factors that influence parenchymal cells and other resident immune cells. (elifesciences.org)
These cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), secreting several cytokines and chemokines to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. (breathinglabs.com)
Unlike ILCs, NK cells constantly recirculate and may contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases since they have been associated with COPD and asthma by producing inflammatory cytokines. (breathinglabs.com)
Such as excessive activation of autoreactive T cells, excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated levels of autoantibodies, and common antigens between tumors and normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

The biological and immunological function of this cytokine is mainly used in intestines, skin or lung epithelial tissues. (wikipedia.org)
However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. (bvsalud.org)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
Despite often comprising only a small proportion of tissue resident immune cells, ILCs are present in most tissues and have been shown to orchestrate inflammatory responses to viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites. (elifesciences.org)
The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is another compartment of the respiratory lymphoid cells (RLCs), and it comprehends organized lymphoid tissues present inside the bronchial walls. (breathinglabs.com)
Vitamin D generated in tissues is responsible for many of the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D. The effects of vitamin D within the lungs include increased secretion of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, decreased chemokine production, inhibition of dendritic cell activation and alteration of T cell activation. (vitamindwiki.com)
The transcripts of NOX1 was expressed in lymphoid tissues, together with the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and inguinal lymphoid nodes. (aabioetica.org)

Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5 , and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. (elifesciences.org)
In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells ( e.g ., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. (wjgnet.com)
B cells are the major cell population of BALT, but T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are also present. (breathinglabs.com)
The main players in innate immunity in the lungs include the airway epithelium itself, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. (vitamindwiki.com)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Among the many spleen cells, exceptional LPS-induced upregulation of NOX1 was demonstrated in each CD11b + monocytes/macrophages and CD11c + dendritic cells, suggesting that LPS-inducible NOX1 in monocytes/macrophages/dendritic cells could modulate the event of experimental CIA. (aabioetica.org)

Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)
the experimental bronchial asthma, the infiltration of eosinophils and the Th2 cytokine response after the induction of bronchial asthma with OVA had been comparable between the 2 genotypes. (aabioetica.org)

Activation of cell effector mechanisms trough IL-33/ST2 is present also in TRAF6 deficient mice. (wikipedia.org)
Even though under IL-33 and IL-1 alarmins relationship, they have different aim to effector function of T regulatory cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, IL-33 polarizes naïve CD4 T cells to differentiate into effector T helper 2 (Th2) cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 that are responsible for adaptive immunity-mediated allergen-induced responses. (justia.com)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
The hallmark effector molecules of Th1 and Th2 cells, e.g. (thermofisher.com)
Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)

The upper portion of the female reproductive tract consists of the fallopian tubes, uterus body, and endocervix, which has columnar epithelial cells and is distincted from ectocervix which is part of the lower tract characterized by squamous epithelial cells [ 4 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Currently a major emphasis of my research lab is to study respiratory-virus induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, that may be associated with virally-induced asthma exacerbations. (rochester.edu)

The transcription factors SPDEF and FOXA3 are both selectively expressed in epithelial cells lining the conducting airways, where they regulate goblet cell differentiation and mucus production. (nih.gov)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
However, the molecular mechanisms which regulate Th1 cell differentiation in CD mucosa are unknown. (bmj.com)
IL-23-dependent, IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells (Th-17 cells) have been identified as a unique subset of Th cells that develops along a pathway that is distinct from the Th1- and Th2- cell differentiation pathways. (thermofisher.com)
Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
CD80/86-CD28 interaction and others), these signals initiate a program of cell division and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)

New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25. (nature.com)
Several studies have clearly demonstrated that distinct cytokine activated signalling and transcription factors regulate the commitment of a naïve T cell along the Th1 or T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype, as well as maintenance of the polarised phenotype. (bmj.com)
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a CD4+ T cell-derived cytokine that promotes inflammatory responses in cell lines and is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and transplant rejection. (thermofisher.com)
A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. (sagepub.com)
1993). In 1995, human IL-17 was identified as a new cytokine, mainly originating from activated CD4 + T cells (Yao et al. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Further characterization of ILC2 cell biology will enhance the understanding of type 2 responses and may identify new treatments for asthma, allergies and parasitic infections. (nature.com)
Interactions between ILC2 cells and the adaptive immune system, as well as examination of potential roles for ILC2 cells in the maintenance of homeostasis, promise to be particularly fruitful areas of future research. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Potential interactions of ILC2 cells with T cells and B cells. (nature.com)
ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. (bvsalud.org)
We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular reactivity. (cdc.gov)
Phosphorylation of the transactivation domain (Ser-468) of NF-KB in isolated ILC2 and IL-33 in lung epithelial cells were significantly increased (126.8 +/- 4.3% and 137 +/- 11% of controls respectively) by nano-TiO2 exposure. (cdc.gov)
Here, we characterized the whole-genome distribution of methyl-CpG and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mouse innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3), ILC2 and natural killer (NK) cells. (stanford.edu)

ILC2s expressed higher levels of the Ang II receptor AT1a, and colocalized with lung epithelial cells expressing angiotensinogen. (bvsalud.org)
Although tissue-resident memory T cells are key components of lung immunity, tissue-resident innate immune cells also play a significant role in pulmonary diseases such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, asthma, and inflammatory disorders. (breathinglabs.com)
Recent studies have shown that a complex network of non-recirculating immune cells residing within lung tissue is responsible for maintaining a balance between immunity and tolerance. (breathinglabs.com)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the lung play a role in immunosurveillance and infection control. (breathinglabs.com)

Epithelial cells that line the conducting airways provide the initial barrier and innate immune responses to the abundant particles, microbes, and allergens that are inhaled throughout life. (nih.gov)
Paul, W.E. & Zhu, J. How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified? (nature.com)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
CD4 + T cells are key in mediating the host protective and homeostatic responses. (frontiersin.org)
These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, IMs have been shown to limit Th2 responses through secretion of IL-10. (breathinglabs.com)
Mitochondria are important cellular organelles that perform many different functions, from cell death regulation and energy generation to immune responses and fatty acid oxidation [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
On the other hand, besides T helper cell type (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses, other subsets of T cells, namely Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, are likely to play a role in IBD. (ox.ac.uk)

A hallmark of the predominant asthma subtype is the stimulation of the adaptive immune system [ 2 ], specifically a Th2-type response, with involvement of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, as well as antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) type E. Type 2 innate immunity typically involves type 2 innate lymphoid cells, especially in older patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Innate immunity includes barriers such as the epithelium, mucus, pH, complement system, and cells of the immune system. (hindawi.com)
C.Schwartz, K.O'Grady, E.C. Lavelle, Fallon, P.G . (2016) Interleukin 33: an innate alarm for adaptive T cell immunity. (tcd.ie)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Spatial distribution of LTi-like cells in intestinal mucosa regulates type 3 innate immunity. (stanford.edu)

Pathomorphological studies of gastrointestinal mucosa of asthma patients indicated increased activity of mucus-producing cells (as in the bronchi), barrier degeneration, and hyperplasia [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
That it is the first disease to present in a series of allergic diseases-including food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, in order-has given rise to the "atopic march" theory, which suggests that AD is part of a progression that may lead to subsequent allergic disease at other epithelial barrier surfaces. (medscape.com)
Arginine supplementation (0,5-1% w/w) to young pigs supports intestinal epithelial growth and maintains gut barrier integrity and function against bacterial toxins [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For some, this is an impenetrable barrier for agents such as HIV, but Langerhans cells within the squamous layer have been shown to transmit the virus for target cells [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)

Significant differential expression was found in the ileum alone, and not in any other cell/tissue types. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, GLP-1R agonist administration decreased TNFα and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of obese patients with T2D and diabetic mouse adipose tissue. (justia.com)
CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, it has been proven to play important roles under disease and stress situations by maintaining epithelial integrity and gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) function [ 3 , 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Both heterogeneity and tissue specialization of immune cells may hold the key to understanding the pathophysiology of some important pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is defined as the failure of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. (elifesciences.org)
The tissue-resident immune cells in the lungs act as the first line of defense against pulmonary infections. (breathinglabs.com)
B Blocking CTLA4 and/or PD1 may be related to the expansion and activation of pre-existing tissue-resident memory T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans, this microorganism has been associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunohistochemical evaluation of a complete set of tissue microarrays comprising over 1,200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue cores from human epithelial tumors and inflammatory illness confirmed that NOX1 is overexpressed in human colon and small intestinal adenocarcinomas, in addition to adenomatous polyps, in comparison with adjoining, uninvolved intestinal mucosae. (aabioetica.org)

ILC2s were isolated and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) levels were measured. (cdc.gov)
Uterine ILC2s are key immune cells during normal and complicated pregnancies. (elifesciences.org)

The developmental branching points between several lymphoid and myeloid lineages are still controversial, and little is known about how their diversification is induced. (scielo.br)
Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)

Over the last few decades, understanding of how each subset of Th cells plays a role has dramatically increased. (frontiersin.org)
cancers cell strains, and correlated protein expression with NOX1 mRNA expression and superoxide manufacturing in a subset of those cells. (aabioetica.org)

IFN gamma and IL-4, have each been found to negatively regulate the generation of these Th-17 cells. (thermofisher.com)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)

Alarmin IL-33 is constitutively expressed as a nuclear protein in all epithelial and endothelial cells, but also in secondary lymphoid organs. (wikipedia.org)

Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
in adult acinar cells harboring oncogenic mutation accelerated acinar to ductal reprogramming resulting in mucinous PDAC precursor lesions in mice. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Very similar findings were seen in a prior study which figured ARID1B may be the preferential gene necessary for the success of in knockdown in cell lines led to reduced proliferation and decreased invasion [85,97]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Early embryonic pancreas-specific removal of resulted in decreased multipotent pancreatic progenitor cell proliferation and led to pancreas hypoplasia [48], indicating its essential function in modulating gene appearance during AG-99 development. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Tyrosine 343 in the erythropoietin receptor positively regulates erythropoietin‐induced cell proliferation and Stat5 activation. (sagepub.com)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)

Group II innate lymphoid cells and microvascular dysfunction from pulmonary titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: Pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure was associated with an increase in IL-1β, 4, 5 and 13 and TNF-a 4 h post-exposure, indicative of an innate Th2 inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)
Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cdc.gov)

10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
However, given the complexity and probably the redundancy of pathways leading to IBD lesions, and the fact that Th17 cells may also have protective functions, neutralization of IL-17A failed to induce any improvement in CD. (ox.ac.uk)

Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)

Mouse, rat, and human IL-17A can induce IL-6 secretion in mouse stromal cells, indicating that all homologs can recognize the mouse IL-17A receptor. (thermofisher.com)
The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumor-associated macrophages. (tcd.ie)

GLP-1 has a role in glycemic control by inducing glucose-dependent insulin secretion from β-cells and inhibiting glucagon release from α-cells in the pancreas. (justia.com)

Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)

Ileal mucosa in asthma exhibits a specific transcriptomic profile, which includes the overexpression of innate immune genes, mostly characteristic of Paneth and goblet cells, in addition to other changes that may resemble Crohn's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
In coeliac disease (CD) mucosa, the histological lesion is associated with marked infiltration of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells. (bmj.com)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)

In this epithelium, as well as in the more fragile single cell layer epithelium of endocervix, the cells are held together by proteins that form desmosomes, tight junctions, and adherens junctions, which decrease its permeability [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, CD4 + cells infiltrating the epithelium can act as potential target cells to initiate transmission [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
These cells form inflammatory infiltrates in the epithelium and smooth muscles of the airway, causing remodeling, including smooth muscle hypertrophy. (nursingce.com)

Both molecules are present in T regulatory cells together. (wikipedia.org)
Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

High levels of IL-17A homodimer are produced by activated peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells. (thermofisher.com)
The other compartment comprises BACs, obtained through broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the peripheral airways contain AMs, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and DCs, which protect against inhaled pathogens, toxicants, and allergens. (breathinglabs.com)

T-bet and STAT-4, two Th1 promoting transcription factors, and STAT-6 and GATA-3, transcription factors which govern T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cell polarisation, were examined in duodenal biopsies by western blotting. (bmj.com)
There is now little doubt that in coeliac disease (CD) the histological lesion is associated with a predominant T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cell response. (bmj.com)

Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)

It was shown, that regulatory T cells deficient in IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) have more effective suppression capacity and phenotype stability. (wikipedia.org)
T helper cells recognize antigen presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells in a T cell receptor-dependent fashion (not shown). (frontiersin.org)
Studies have shown that the enzyme 1a- hydroxylase, which catalyzes the last and rate limiting step in the synthesis of active 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates the actions of vitamin D, are expressed widely in the body, including the lungs and cells of the immune system. (vitamindwiki.com)
The B-cell receptor consists of an Ig molecule anchored to the cell's surface. (msdmanuals.com)

NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
Th1 cells are important for protecting against infectious pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)

AM are considered anti-inflammatory cells with an important role in phagocytosis of particulate matter, dying cells, and cellular debris, maintaining immune homeostasis through the production of TGF-β and subsequent induction of FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg). (breathinglabs.com)

A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
To facilitate purposeful investigation of the position of NADPH oxidase 1 ( NOX1 ) and related reactive oxygen species in most cancers cell signaling, we report herein the event and characterization of a novel mouse monoclonal antibody that particularly acknowledges the C-terminal area of the NOX1 protein. (aabioetica.org)

IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and Th2-associated pathologies in vivo. (nature.com)

A Blocking CTLA-4 can induce the activation of autoreactive T cells by inducing Treg depletion and functional defects, thereby stimulating B cells to increase the production of autoantibodies. (biomedcentral.com)

It was observed, that depletion of ST2 or IL-33 in colon or intestine cancer makes higher development of Th1 immune reaction with presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which are the most efficient in cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
IL-17 specifically IL-17A , was discovered in 1993 originally as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 (CTLA8) in a rodent T cell cDNA transcript (Rouvier et al. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
At present, the most widely used ICIs in clinical immunotherapy for a variety of solid tumors are monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and their ligand PD-L1. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanistically, deletion inhibited the mTOR pathway, suppressed SOX9 appearance, and resulted in dedifferentiation of pancreatic ductal cells [82]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Distinct tumorigenic potential of abl and raf in B cell neoplasia: abl activates the IL-6 signaling pathway. (sagepub.com)

There is clear correlation between T regulatory cell ST2 and Th2 specific transcription factor GATA3 expressions. (wikipedia.org)
Foxp3 transcription factor is necessary for T regulatory cell phenotype stability and suppression function mainly based on gene silence effect. (wikipedia.org)
In ST2+ T Regulatory cell is present soluble form of ST2 without transmembrane and cytosolic domain. (wikipedia.org)
It is well known, that high presence of T regulatory cells in cancer immune reaction do not mean good prognosis for oncologic patients. (wikipedia.org)
New insights into IL-10 dependent and IL-10 independent regulatory B cell immune suppression. (tcd.ie)
Treatment of ongoing autoimmune encephalomyelitis with activated B-cell progenitors maturing into regulatory B cells. (tcd.ie)

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
Molecular cloning of L-JAK, a Janus family protein-tyrosine kinase expressed in natural killer cells and activated leukocytes. (sagepub.com)

They also serve as immune organs, fostering both innate and adaptive immune cells. (breathinglabs.com)
however, the development of Th2 cell-mediated adaptive immune response most likely contributed to lesion severity at later time points during infection. (aai.org)

Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The lungs are specialized organs for gas exchange, representing one of the largest epithelial surfaces in direct contact with the external environment. (breathinglabs.com)

Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Humanities6

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells6

Inflammation20

Lymphocytes6

Cytokines16

Tissues7

Dendritic6

Eosinophils2

Effector6

Squamous epithelial cells1

Induced epithelial barrier1

Differentiation7

Cytokine6

ILC27

Lung4

Responses10

Immunity5

Barrier4

Interleukin1

Tissue10

ILC2s2

Myeloid3

Subset2

Regulate4

Endothelial cells1

Mice2

Proliferation4

Pulmonary3

Pathways2

Th171

Stromal2

Secretion1

Antigen receptors1

Mucosa3

Epithelium3

Molecules7

Peripheral2

Helper cell2

Receptors1

Receptor4

Pathogens4

Proteins5

Mast cells1

Subsequent1

Antibody2

Induces1

Treg1

Cytotoxic4

Pathway2

Regulatory6

Protein3

Adaptive immune2

Organs2

Involvement1