Epithelial cell movement. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
During Drosophila gastrulation, actomyosin contraction in ventral cells generates a long, narrow epithelial furrow, termed the ventral furrow, in which actomyosin fibres and tension are directed along the length of the furrow. (nature.com)
In the Drosophila thorax, opposing gradients of Dachsous and Four-jointed expression, which are constituents of the Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed planar cell polarity pathway, result in the polarized localization of the myosin Dachs 9 . (nature.com)
In the Drosophila embryo, apical constriction in a strip of epithelial cells along the ventral midline results in the folding of the tissue and the internalization of ventral cells, forming a ventral furrow (VF). (nature.com)
also called myosin heavy chain 95F (Mhc95F), or 95F MHC), which is a motor protein necessary for the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues during Drosophila development. (nih.gov)
Figure 1 Drosophila epithelial cells. (photometrics.com)
The research was conducted on the fruit fly Drosophila, an established model for studying epithelial tumours. (sciencedaily.com)
The follicular epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster have two signaling modules at their leading-trailing interfaces - one composed of the atypical cadherin Fat2 (also known as Kugelei) and the receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar, and one composed of Semaphorin5c and its receptor Plexin A. Here, we show that these modules form one interface signaling system with Fat2 at its core. (bvsalud.org)

While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, it is critical to understand how cells orient the cytoskeleton to produce forces that deform tissues. (nature.com)
Together, our in vivo and in silico data provide a framework for understanding how cells orient force generation, establishing a role for geometrical and mechanical patterning of force production in tissues. (nature.com)
Forces that shape cells and tissues can be produced by the contraction of actin filament (F-actin) meshworks by the molecular motor Myosin II (myosin). (nature.com)
Epithelial cells line the surfaces of tissues and organs, forming a protective barrier and helping to police the movement of substances across this membrane. (pharmiweb.com)
Basement membrane (BM) is a sheet-like extracellular matrix that underlies most tissues and acts as a barrier to invading cells. (duke.edu)
Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. (elifesciences.org)
During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
These early progenitor cells often travel long distances from their induction site to the site of terminal differentiation, making them vulnerable to environmental cues and movement of neighbouring tissues. (elifesciences.org)
Several embryonic tissues and organs originate from small sets of progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
During the next 3 days, cells divide and tissues move to give the fish its final shape. (ist.ac.at)
But how do tissues coordinate their often-complicated movements? (ist.ac.at)
Until now, little has been known about how tissues coordinate their movement both temporally and spatially during development. (ist.ac.at)
In the study, published today in Developmental Cell, Heisenberg and co-authors investigated how tissues coordinate their movements and how the forces required for tissue movements are generated. (ist.ac.at)
M ost animals rely on changes in cell shape to move tissues around during development, but these alterations are usually slow and are rare in adult animals. (the-scientist.com)
The LMU team analyzed the motions of two types of hair-like cell protrusions made up of proteinaceous filaments-the so-called flagella found on the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the primary cilium found on many epithelial tissues in multicellular organisms. (genengnews.com)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
SCCs arise from epithelial tissues that can be classified as stratified squamous epithelium (which includes epithelia of skin, oesophagus and oral cavity) and non-squamous epithelia (which include airway epithelium). (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
Another good choice is Pfizer?s Granulex-V spray, which will dissolve dead tissues and also contains ingredients that protect the wound and encourage epithelial cell (skin) movement across the wound. (equisearch.com)

In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mutations in genes with less extreme phenotypes may result in impaired cell movement and cell shape changes, hampering or preventing embryonic dorsal closure and head involution ( Rios-Barrera & Riesgo-Escovar, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Embryonic development occurs with precisely timed morphogenetic cell movements directed by complex gene regulation. (duke.edu)

Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
The conversion of an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell is critical to metazoan embryogenesis and a defining structural feature of organ development. (rupress.org)
Current interest in this process, which is described as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stems from its developmental importance and its involvement in several adult pathologies. (rupress.org)
The EMT International Association was formed in 2002 to provide an international body for those interested in EMT and the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and, most importantly, to bring together those working on EMT in development, cancer, fibrosis, and pathology. (rupress.org)
During doming, the blastoderm, a tissue composed of surface epithelial cells and inner mesenchymal cells, thins and spreads over the yolk cell. (ist.ac.at)
This overlap made us question whether the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal factors -- which activate genes associated with cell movement and migration, which are common in embryo development and are also present in metastasis -- play a role in tumour initiation," says Casanova. (sciencedaily.com)
Bioincompatible dialysis fluid causes mesothelial cells to undergo uncontrolled mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition triggered by Transforming growth factor-Î²1, which leads morphological and functional disruption of membrane. (ukessays.com)
This is achieved via a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (medscape.com)
The EMT program dissociates the cells within epithelial cell sheets into individual cells that exhibit multiple mesenchymal attributes. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] EMT programs are orchestrated by a set of pleiotropically acting transcription factors, including Slug, Snail, Twist, ZEB1, and ZEB2, which organize entrance into a mesenchymal state by suppressing expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) and inducing expression of other markers associated with the mesenchymal state. (medscape.com)

The relationship between expression of epithelial B-like blood group antigen, cell movement and cell proliferation. (ku.dk)
These cells express both transforming growth factor alpha and amphiregulin and require autocrine signaling through the EGFR for proliferation and migration. (nih.gov)
We found that metalloprotease inhibitors reduced cell proliferation in direct proportion to their effect on transforming growth factor alpha release. (nih.gov)
Given the strong link between the regulation of some of these genes and the growth and dissemination of gastrointestinal cancers, we believe their aberrant expression in UC may provide a mechanism for epithelial hyper-proliferation and, in the context of malignant transformation, for tumour growth. (bmj.com)
Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
The use of fibroblast feeder layers strongly stimulated the proliferation of epithelial cells, allowing the expansion of the cell pool with successive passages. (unige.ch)
Our results showed that both D-SWCNT and D-MWCNT-treated cells exhibited typical malignant transformation properties, such as increased proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage-independent cell growth and angiogenesis compared to controls. (cdc.gov)
Both D-SWCNT and D-MWCNT cells expressed significant changes in genes associated with cell death, movement, proliferation and cancer. (cdc.gov)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
Direct invasion by carcinoma cells of the stromal compartment involves active proteolysis effected principally by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), while degrading the BM and other ECM that lie in the path of invading tumor cells, MMP-expressing cells also liberate growth factors that are sequestered there, thereby fostering cancer cell proliferation. (medscape.com)

Figures 323 & 324 from Chapter 13 (Cilia and Flagella) of 'The Cell' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. The outer segments of the rods and cones of the vertebrate retina and many photoreceptors of invertebrates b. (cellimagelibrary.org)
They were also characterized by thick apical secretion that hampered the movement of cell surface debris by cilia. (unige.ch)
Flagella are used by microorganisms to swim through liquid media, whereas primary cilia act primarily as motile sensors on epithelial surfaces. (genengnews.com)
We further demonstrate such broken detailed balance in the nonperiodic fluctuations of primary cilia of epithelial cells. (genengnews.com)
With the help of our imaging data," said LMU physicist Professor Chase Broedersz, "we were able to demonstrate that, instead of simply waving back and forth, both flagella and cilia on average carry out cycles of actively driven and distinct movements-and in so doing they violate the principle of detailed balance. (genengnews.com)
M pneumoniae has a remarkable gliding motility and specialized tip organelles that allows it to burrow between cilia within the respiratory epithelium, eventually causing sloughing of the respiratory epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

How epithelial cells actively respond to mechanical constraints by adjusting how they generate force is important to understand tissue morphogenesis. (nature.com)
We study how spatiotemporal cues coordinate the identity and multicellular movement of epithelial cells during morphogenesis within the normal breast, and how developmental signals, often co-opted during cancer progression, direct the invasion and spread of tumor cells to distant organs during breast cancer metastasis. (bcm.edu)
Although cell neighbors exchange a multitude of signals to guide ductal morphogenesis in development or cellular dissemination, transit, and colonization in breast cancer metastasis, the exact identity and mechanistic insight behind these exchanges are unclear. (bcm.edu)

The present study characterized hydrosalpinx epithelial cell culture and examined the effects of its conditioned medium (CM) on sperm motility, acrosome reaction and embryo development. (hku.hk)
Conclusions: The results suggest that hydrosalpinx epithelial cells may be producing a fluid milieu hostile to sperm and early embryo development. (hku.hk)
The established epithelial cell culture system may provide a model to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of HF on embryo development and the adverse effects on IVF outcomes. (hku.hk)

In immortalised human airway cells (line H441) with 10 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, apical ASL glucose was 0.24±0.07 mM [ 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The poor ability of respiratory epithelial cells to proliferate and differentiate in vitro into a pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium limits the general use of primary airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures generated from patients with rare diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we describe a procedure to amplify AEC isolated from nasal polyps and generate long-term cultures of the respiratory epithelium. (unige.ch)
Subchronic exposure of carbon nanotube s to human small airway epithelial cells induces neoplastic transformation and toxicogenomic responses. (cdc.gov)
We conducted subchronic exposures of dispersed single-walled CNT (D-SWCNT), multi-walled CNT (D-MWCNT) and crocidolite asbestos (ASB) to human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) in culture. (cdc.gov)

Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
Cancer is a complex disease in which many basic processes, such as cell division, apoptosis, and cell migration are dysregulated. (medscape.com)

At the core of AJs, cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion through Ca 2+ -dependent homophilic interactions between their extracellular domains. (rupress.org)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, these extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically modulate the tumor cell "motile phenotype" affecting their adhesive/migratory abilities which are directly correlated to the metastatic cascade [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
GAGs bound into PGs are located to the extracellular matrix, basal membrane, and cell surface [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epithelial cells must have an apical side which contacts the lumen, for example the inside of your small intestine, lateral membranes where cell-cell contacts are made, and a basal surface that maintains contact with the extracellular matrix. (photometrics.com)
The metastatic process involves sequential steps, including invasion through the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cell layers, intravasation into the lumina of blood vessels, and survival in the circulation. (medscape.com)
One of the most basic features is cell invasion and movement through the extracellular matrix. (medscape.com)

Cell type and tissue specific alterations in fine GAG structure, which are strictly predetermined [ 8 - 10 ], allow these molecules to modulate with high specificity different cellular processes [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The magnitude, direction and timing of contractile force depend on the organization of the cellular actomyosin meshworks and how these networks are connected between cells at the level of the tissue. (nature.com)
How cells determine the direction in which they apply force is of critical importance to cell and tissue shape changes. (nature.com)
Previous work has shown that gradients or asymmetries in biochemical signals at the cell and tissue level can serve as instructive cues to pattern force generation. (nature.com)
The team used data from human organoids - small, three dimensional tissue cultures that more closely reflect the complexity of organs than individual cells - that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as published data from previous studies about resident immune cells in the gut. (pharmiweb.com)
Thus, we reveal that incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development. (elifesciences.org)
Carl-Philipp Heisenberg explains: "A reduction of surface tension by cells on the surface of the embryo is the key process that coordinates tissue movements at this timepoint. (ist.ac.at)
Doming involves two tissue movements: the epithelial cell layer at the surface expands, and inner cells undergo intercalations thereby thinning and spreading the inner cell mass. (ist.ac.at)
In the present study, Heisenberg and his colleague asked how the two tissue movements - surface cell expansion and inner cell intercalation - coordinate their movements during blastoderm spreading. (ist.ac.at)
The contractions didn't result in obvious rearrangements of the cells or ruptures in the tissue. (the-scientist.com)
Goblet cells exist within the simple columnar epithelial tissue. (freezingblue.com)
Her postdoctoral research in hydrogel and tissue engineering is complementary to her Ph.D. training in nanoparticles and cell tracking. (stanford.edu)
4. Anatomical classifications of epithelial tissue and 2 primary functions? (fsu.edu)
Finally, staining of human tissue revealed abundant FcRn expression on columnar epithelial cells of penile urethra and endocervix. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Peritoneum is defined as gliding membrane, composed of mesothelial cells maintained by basement membrane and thin layer of connective tissue. (ukessays.com)
Carcinomas, malignancies of epithelial tissue, account for 80 to 90 percent of all cancer cases. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
Epithelial tissue is found throughout the body. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
Does squamous cell carcinoma affect epithelial tissue? (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
It begins in the epithelial tissue of the skin, or in the tissue that lines internal organs, such as the liver or kidneys. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
In the inflammatory phase, white blood cells from the blood enter the tissue and work with other white cells normally there, called macrophages. (equisearch.com)
Granulation tissue is produced in increasing amounts while the movement of skin cells slows or stops. (equisearch.com)
Honey and sugar have been validated by research studies that found they stimulate the tissue macrophage cells and have antibacterial effects, but a generic human antibiotic ointment is simple and effective. (equisearch.com)
Migrating epithelial cells globally align their migration machinery to achieve tissue-level movement. (bvsalud.org)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)

In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epithelial cells that undergo concerted movements and changes in shape become polarized first ( Müller, 2003 ). (peerj.com)

Some key findings illustrated by the mutations isolated are the importance of epithelia, epithelial polarization and movement, and changes in cell shape ( Knust, 2003 ). (peerj.com)
So-called fiber cells reside in between the epithelia. (the-scientist.com)

These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
The cornea showed a large central epithelial defect with underlying stromal infiltrate and Descemet folds. (cdc.gov)

The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)

This process is marked by a complex and coordinated set of molecular changes leading to the motile behavior of the invading cancer cells, which involves dynamic cytoskeletal changes, cell-matrix interactions, localized proteolysis, actin-myosin contractions, and focal contact disassembly. (medscape.com)

Epithelial cell migration. (wikipedia.org)
Blocking release of EGFR ligands also strongly inhibited autocrine activation of the EGFR and reduced both the rate and persistence of cell migration. (nih.gov)
This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
We propose that Fat2 serves as the organizer of this interface signaling system by coupling and polarizing the distributions of multiple effectors that work together to align the migration machinery of neighboring cells. (bvsalud.org)

Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the superficial epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. (elifesciences.org)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
When they recently used a fluorescent dye to visualize the cell membranes, they saw that cells in the top layer of epithelium contracted their surfaces more than 50 percent over the span of a single second-an observation that Prakash describes as "a huge surprise. (the-scientist.com)
In the new work Prakash presented at the ASCB meeting Tuesday (December 11), the team found that, while the contractility of the epithelium minimizes ruptures from external forces and movement within the animal, it doesn't avoid them completely. (the-scientist.com)
This type develops in cells in the deepest layer of the epithelium, called basal cells. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
This type develops in cells in the top layer of the epithelium , called squamous cells. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
The squamous epithelium is composed of epithelial cells that are distinctively flat and scale-like. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)

The organism showed cytotoxicity after in vitro inoculation of a rabbit corneal epithelial cell line. (cdc.gov)

In particular, the lab are interested in epithelial cells, which form the sheets that line our organs. (photometrics.com)
Peritoneal cavity is potential space between both layers and is comprised of small amount of lubricating fluid, also known as serosal fluid which prevents friction between closely packed organs and allows free movement of them. (ukessays.com)

Adherens junctions (AJs) play key roles in establishing and maintaining epithelial structure ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)

Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
Carcinoma refers to a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin or cancer of the internal or external lining of the body. (hospiceofqueenannes.com)

PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
all cells come in contact with the basement membrane (like alligator teeth). (freezingblue.com)
Mesothelial cells play a vital role in maintaining the structure of peritoneal membrane and peritoneal homeostasis. (ukessays.com)
Drugs diffuse across a cell membrane from a region of high concentration (eg, gastrointestinal fluids) to one of low concentration (eg, blood). (msdmanuals.com)
Because the cell membrane is lipoid, lipid-soluble drugs diffuse most rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)

Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. (rupress.org)

Sculpting organism shape requires that cells produce forces with proper directionality. (nature.com)
Despite the importance of the developmental pathways followed by these small groups of progenitor cells and their impact on the physiology of the organism, we still know little about the set of developmental strategies that progenitor cells deploy in vivo to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment as they travel to the site of terminal differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
When Stanford University's Manu Prakash was starting his lab about eight years ago, he wanted to be able to connect the behavior of an animal's cells with that of the entire organism. (the-scientist.com)
The organism responsible for mycoplasmal pneumonia, M pneumoniae, is a pleomorphic organism that, unlike bacteria, lacks a cell wall, and unlike viruses, does not need a host cell for replication. (medscape.com)

Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues. (rupress.org)

The little striped zebrafish starts out as single big cell sitting on top of the yolk. (ist.ac.at)

The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to allow a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)

In this project the lab aims to image the movement of vesicles with cargo proteins destined for these different membranes. (photometrics.com)
Other parts of the body including the lungs, mucous membranes, and urinary tract also have layers of squamous cells, which may also become cancerous . (hospiceofqueenannes.com)
The first is a selective affinity for respiratory epithelial cells and the second is the ability to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is thought to be responsible for much of the initial cell disruption in the respiratory tract and for damage to erythrocyte membranes. (medscape.com)
Unless given IV, a drug must cross several semipermeable cell membranes before it reaches the systemic circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
Cell membranes are biologic barriers that selectively inhibit passage of drug molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
The un-ionized form is usually lipid soluble (lipophilic) and diffuses readily across cell membranes. (msdmanuals.com)
The ionized form has low lipid solubility (but high water solubility-ie, hydrophilic) and high electrical resistance and thus cannot penetrate cell membranes easily. (msdmanuals.com)

Magnesium is involved in many cell processes, including production of cellular energy, maintenance of DNA building blocks (nucleotides), protein production, and cell growth and death. (medlineplus.gov)
These genes participate in biological functions such as cellular growth, movement, assembly and organisation, as well as in fatty acid and protein metabolism. (bmj.com)
The Roarty Laboratory investigates the molecular mechanisms regulating the cellular makeup within tumors and how cell populations communicate during breast cancer progression. (bcm.edu)
Researchers discussed the published work , as well as ongoing studies into the purpose of the super fast cellular contractions, in three presentations at the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) annual meeting in San Diego this week. (the-scientist.com)
They performed theoretical calculations that showed the observed cellular movements could be explained by nonmuscle myosin acting on the actin bundles present on the cellular surface. (the-scientist.com)

These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
In cancer research, there has been a tendency to differentiate between the genes responsible for tumour development and those that give rise to metastasis and to study these processes separately since the cell functions required for these two mechanisms differ radically. (sciencedaily.com)
Metastases represent the end products of a multistep cell-biological process termed the invasion metastasis cascade, which involves dissemination of cancer cells to anatomically distant organ sites. (medscape.com)
Infiltrated cells might proceed towards overt metastasis with or without an intervening period of latency (dormancy). (medscape.com)

Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

The QImaging CCD family of scientific cameras are designed with solutions for electrophysiology, long stare, color imaging, documentation and live cell imaging. (photometrics.com)

In the oral mucosa, melanocytes are observed in a ratio of about 1 melanocyte to 10 basal cells. (medscape.com)

In vitro studies in resistive human lung epithelial cell monolayers grown at an air-liquid interface have supported these in vivo observations. (ersjournals.com)
The described cell model system could potentially be used as an in vitro predictive screening test for potential carcinogenicity of other nanomaterial s. (cdc.gov)
Phenotypic anchoring of toxicogenomic response to neoplastic cell transformation following in vitro subchronic nanomaterial exposure can potentially serve to identify novel mechanisms of action and facilitate human cancer risk assessment. (cdc.gov)

Four general zones of f-actin movement are seen in primary cultures of newt lung epithelial cells microinjected with X-rhodamine actin. (ucsd.edu)
Primary cultures of newt lung epithelial cells were microinjected with X-rhodamine actin. (ucsd.edu)

The consecutive stages of cancer growth and dissemination are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
The consecutive steps of tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and invasion of anatomically distant sites are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Combined with cell-type specific data from advanced sequencing techniques, they were able to model how SARS-CoV-2 directly affects the interactions between epithelial and immune cell types during infection. (pharmiweb.com)
interactions between cells. (lu.se)

Pseudomembranous colitis is a form of inflammatory colitis characterized by the pathologic presence of pseudomembranes consisting of mucin, fibrin, necrotic cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). (medscape.com)
It discourages viral attachment to cells, protecting epithelial cells from inflammatory damage. (woodlandessence.com)
We really wanted to understand which particular inflammatory pathways and cell types are responsible for driving this process in COVID-19 patients, and to show that an integrative computational approach with cutting-edge experimental methods can advance our understanding on the initiation and maintenance of this overreaction. (pharmiweb.com)
All through the development process of peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal cells will experience changes and some of the pro inflammatory factors which act as inducers to induce fibrosis and inflammatory processes. (ukessays.com)

chem mutations genetically interact with mutations in cytoskeletal genes ( arm ) and with mutations in the epithelial polarity genes coracle, crumbs, and yurt . (peerj.com)
Genetic analysis has uncovered that genes necessary for epithelial polarity code for cytoskeletal proteins and their regulators, like the par-3 protein Bazooka ( Kuchinke, Grawe & Knust, 1998 ) or the EGF and laminin domains-containing protein Crumbs ( Tepass, Theres & Knust, 1990 ). (peerj.com)
The tubulin homolog FtsZ provides the cytoskeletal framework for bacterial cell division. (duke.edu)

Additionally, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia can disrupt many cell processes and impair the function of motor neurons, leading to neurological problems and movement disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
Our study shows that by reducing its surface tension, the layer of epithelial cells simultaneously drives expansion and thinning of the blastoderm, and so coordinates these two processes. (ist.ac.at)

Strikingly, this loosening at the blastoderm surface not only triggers surface cell layer expansion, but also induces inner cell intercalation leading to inner cell layer thinning and spreading. (ist.ac.at)

The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. (frontiersin.org)
thus, a successful metastatic colony depends on the ability of cancer cells to appropriate distinct microenvironments at each step in the metastatic cascade: the primary tumor, systemic circulation, and the final metastatic destination. (medscape.com)

However, the way it moves through the human respiratory system and infects cells isn't well known. (nih.gov)

Saline shifts myeloperoxidase activity in epithelial or phagocytic cells to produce hypochlorous acid. (springer.com)
shown in clinical studies to enhance natural immunity by increasing the activity of natural cells that kill harmful bacteria and the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood mononucleotides. (ra-infection-connection.com)

Peritoneal cavity is rich in number of cells like mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes and immune cells like macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells. (ukessays.com)

The vasculature has a crucial function in normal physiology, enabling the transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body. (duke.edu)

In addition, we show that these alleles genetically interact with epithelial polarity genes, and have epithelial polarity defects. (peerj.com)

The arrows indicate vesicles containing a cargo protein, cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin III (FAS3) tagged with Halo and labeled with SiR dye. (photometrics.com)

In this review, we cover how the non-epithelial compartment of thymic stroma represent essential cell populations in regulating thymus function. (frontiersin.org)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In this study, we developed a chronic exposure model using human lung epithelial cells to address this knowledge gap. (cdc.gov)
These results indicate that long-term low-dose exposure of human lung epithelial cells to D-SWCNT and D-MWCNT induced neoplastic transformation of the cells which suggests potential carcinogenicity of the nanoparticle s. (cdc.gov)

The protein fibronectin (orange) is up-regulated and assembled by Ror2-deficient tumor cells, triggering the invasion, dissemination and survival of cancer cells during metastatic transit. (bcm.edu)

They have developed a method that can differentiate between the active motions characteristic of living cells and those driven by the random molecular movements that give rise to passive diffusion. (genengnews.com)
Although tumor-associated angiogenesis has traditionally been defined as the sprouting of new vessels from preexisting vessels, it is becoming clear that the blood vessels that support tumor growth can also originate from cells recruited from the bone marrow or can even differentiate from tumor stem cells (vascular mimicry). (medscape.com)

To investigate this question, we used metalloprotease inhibitors to block EGFR ligand release from human mammary epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
The researchers also confirmed previous work showing that actin bundles appear on the surface of Trichoplax cells, as is the case for nonmuscle contractile cells in other animals, and determined that homologs of human myosins were present in the animal's genome. (the-scientist.com)

Cell surfaces recovered from the contractions by expanding more slowly than they'd contracted. (the-scientist.com)
In the study, the team hypothesizes that the rapid contractions and corresponding expansions of the cells' surfaces allow the animal to cope with external and internal forces without tearing apart. (the-scientist.com)

The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
Notably, the SI algorithm can use epithelial cancer cell's scaffold as a carrier, its properties as a distributed perception mechanism, and its motility patterns as the swarm movements such as anti-durotaxis, blebbing, and chemotaxis. (techscience.com)

Some epithelial structures are retained, however. (rupress.org)

The production of a diverse αβ-T-cell pool is vital to establishing and maintaining a functional adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Immunologic responses may range from classic allergic mast cell activation to immune complex formation. (medscape.com)
In addition to epithelial cells, a large proportion of immune cells were GFP positive, suggesting active infection of these cells. (nih.gov)
Amantadine treatment more efficiently blocked infection in specific immune cells. (nih.gov)
Scientists based at the Earlham Institute and Quadram Institute, along with international partners from University of Heidelberg and EMBL (Germany) as well as from KU Leuven (Belgium), wanted to understand the cross-talk between epithelial and immune cells in the gut during an infection. (pharmiweb.com)
These cells also play an important role in the body's response to infection, working in tandem with immune cells. (pharmiweb.com)
One of the key things the team wanted to understand was how the interplay between infected epithelial cells and gut immune cells might lead to an overactive immune response - known as a cytokine storm - which drives inflammation and can be potentially deadly. (pharmiweb.com)
The model confirms key differences between the immune response in the lungs and the gut, where specific intestinal cells - enterocytes - appear to be targeted during an infection. (pharmiweb.com)
The model also revealed some of the tactics used by the virus to evade the immune response, which includes disrupting or 'jamming' signals used by immune cells to signal the presence of the virus and others to be involved in fighting off an infection. (pharmiweb.com)

The internalized ventral cells give rise to the mesoderm that differentiates into muscle and other internal cell types such as the fat body, macrophages or lymph glands. (nature.com)

During gastrulation the absence of AJs results in widespread cell dissociation and depolarization. (rupress.org)

Also covered in detail was the basic cell biology of EMT and its role in cancer and fibrosis, as well as the identification of new markers to facilitate the observation of EMT in vivo. (rupress.org)
Our work spans the spectrum of cell, developmental, and cancer biology. (bcm.edu)
The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)

Anatomy75

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