ProteinsTransit in the epididymisZona pellucidaMaturationBasement membraneTestisSpermatozoaOsmosis and diffusionPlasmaEpididymalSperm cellDeferensSeminalCytoplasmicAcrosomalCaputEjaculationPampiniformGolgiApicalNuclearEmbryoLipidStereociliaMitochondriaFertilizationLumenFluidEpitheliumHumanDuctBoundFoundCellBloodFunctions
Proteins7
- The basal lamina is the mixture of proteins such as glycoproteins, laminin, collagen, and proteoglycans secreted by the epithelial tissue on which they sit and help the epithelial cells hold one side of connective tissue. (biomadam.com)
- With this, and a possible cue from the female environment, the outer surface of the acrosome becomes modified by the removal of glycoproteins and proteins. (pediagenosis.com)
- Ankyrins link integral membrane proteins to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)
- Hereditary defects in membrane skeleton proteins. (dana-farber.org)
- This indicates that AE1 and probably other integral membrane proteins have a 'lipid-anchoring' function. (dana-farber.org)
- The TSH receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins. (sekbio.com)
- It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
Transit in the epididymis2
- During their transit in the epididymis, sperm undergo maturation processes necessary for them to acquire motility and fertility. (iiab.me)
- It is through their transit in the epididymis that sperms cells complete important maturation steps crucial for fulfilling their functions. (123dok.net)
Zona pellucida3
- When a spermatozoon succeeds in this it encounters the zona pellucida surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte and insulating it from the external environment. (pediagenosis.com)
- Once through the zona pellucida the membranes of the egg and sperm meet and fuse. (pediagenosis.com)
- In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. (biologists.com)
Maturation1
- They differ in their maturation stages according to the part of the epididymis from which they have been collected. (encyclopedia.pub)
Basement membrane7
- The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells. (iiab.me)
- Epithelial tissue consists of epithelial cells arranged in a continuous sheet, in either single or multiple layers underlined by the basement membrane. (biomadam.com)
- The basement membrane is an extracellular matrix, that functions to support epithelial tissue structurally. (biomadam.com)
- No blood vessels cross the basement membrane to enter the tissue because they are completely a-vascular. (biomadam.com)
- These tissues have only one layer of cells attached to the basement membrane. (biomadam.com)
- In addition, nuclei of neighboring cells appear at different levels rather than clustered in the basal end leading to the illusion of being stratified, and each cell being in contact with the basement membrane. (biomadam.com)
- Laminin is the most abundant glycoprotein present in basement membrane. (medicosplexus.com)
Testis4
- The head of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinium of the testis . (iiab.me)
- In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts. (iiab.me)
- Spermatozoa formed in the testis enter the caput epididymis, progress to the corpus, and finally reach the cauda region, where they are stored. (iiab.me)
- It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. (lookformedical.com)
Spermatozoa7
- For purposes of in vitro fertilization, capacitation occurs by incubating spermatozoa that have either undergone ejaculation or have been extracted from the epididymis and incubated in a defined medium for several hours. (wikipedia.org)
- Epididymal spermatozoas are often described as immature, immotile, and infertile sperm cells, yet the epididymis is the organ where spermatozoa mature, acquire motility, and become fully fertile. (encyclopedia.pub)
- therefore, the epididymis is a valuable source for spermatozoa in stud dogs or endangered canids and felids that die suddenly or need to be castrated. (encyclopedia.pub)
- As spermatozoa pass through the epididymis, they undergo a series of maturational changes, dependent on the different functions of each part of the epididymis. (encyclopedia.pub)
- The functional dialogue between epididymal cells and spermatozoa, and subsequent modifications to the spermatozoa, mainly take place in the caput and corpus of the epididymis, whereas the main function of the cauda is to store spermatozoa [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- As the spermatozoa move along the epididymis, changes in plasma membrane fluidity take place, as well as the acquisition of motility [ 5 ] [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Spermatozoa stored in the epididymis pass through the ductus deferens during ejaculation and mix with secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands (Figure 10.1) as they are released into the vagina. (pediagenosis.com)
Osmosis and diffusion1
- As blood courses through the glomeruli, soaks out of the blood through the membranes (by osmosis and diffusion) filtered flows into the Bowman's capsule. (easynotecards.com)
Plasma3
- Denis Corbeil Prominin - 1 /CD133 is a five-membrane-span glycoprotein that is thought to act as an organizer of plasma-membrane protrusions. (biologists.com)
- The contents of the sperm are now within the egg, as its plasma membrane is left behind and lost (Figure 10.4). (pediagenosis.com)
- Hughes Syndrome/Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune, hypercoagulable, thrombo inflammatory, and thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications syndrome caused by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) in plasma of patients with vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity along with persistent anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA), including lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) and/or anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibodies. (endinglines.com)
Epididymal1
- The changes are facilitated by the removal of sterols (e.g. cholesterol) and non-covalently bound epididymal/seminal glycoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm cell3
- A cholesterol acceptor is required to facilitate the removal of cholesterol from the sperm cell membrane, which is always albumin. (wikipedia.org)
- In other words, a sperm cell found in the caput of the epididymis possesses characteristics that are different from sperm cells found in the corpus or cauda of the same epididymis, such as the cytoplasmic droplet position. (encyclopedia.pub)
- In the initial segment of the epididymis, the sperm cell is immotile-unable to fertilize an oocyte and has a proximal cytoplasmic droplet-close to the neck [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Deferens1
- epididymides / ɛ p ɪ d ɪ ˈ d ɪ m ə d iː z / or / ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɪ d ə m ɪ d iː z / ) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system . (iiab.me)
Seminal2
- A narrow tube which leads from epididymis to the seminal vesicles. (acadlly.com)
- Conduction of sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicle. (acadlly.com)
Cytoplasmic1
- The stereocilia of the epididymis are long cytoplasmic projections that have an actin filament backbone. (iiab.me)
Acrosomal1
- Capacitation has two effects: destabilisation of the acrosomal sperm head membrane which allows it to penetrate the outer layer of the egg, and chemical changes in the tail that allow a greater mobility in the sperm. (wikipedia.org)
Caput2
- this occurs in the corpus, region 3, of the epididymis in dogs and at the transition between the caput and corpus in cats, region 4 [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Sperm entering the caput epididymis are incomplete-they lack the ability to swim forward (motility) and to fertilize an egg. (iiab.me)
Ejaculation1
- Sperm cells are harvested through ejaculation or harvested from the caudal epididymis and allowed to liquefy at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
Pampiniform1
- Intricately and prodigiously looped system of veins and arteries that lie on the surface of the epididymis is known as Pampiniform plexus. (medicosplexus.com)
Golgi1
- There is increasing evidence from our laboratory and others that some organelles (e.g., lysosomes, Golgi) also have membrane skeletons. (dana-farber.org)
Apical1
- we report that in the developing embryonic mouse brain, the fluid in the lumen of the neural tube contains membrane particles carrying the stem cell marker prominin - 1 (CD133), a pentaspan membrane protein found on membrane protrusions of the apical surface of neuroepithelial cells. (biologists.com)
Nuclear1
- The two pronuclei lose their nuclear membranes and their DNA is duplicated. (pediagenosis.com)
Embryo1
- In the embryo , the epididymis develops from tissue that once formed the mesonephros , a primitive kidney found in many aquatic vertebrates. (iiab.me)
Lipid1
- During the past decade our laboratory and others have shown that hereditary spherocytosis is caused by defects in the connections that attach the membrane skeleton to the overlying lipid bilayer. (dana-farber.org)
Stereocilia2
- [4] The stereocilia in the epididymis are non-motile. (iiab.me)
- When combined with stereocilia, these are found in epididymis, a highly coiled genital duct of males, larger ducts of many glands , and a part of the male urethra . (biomadam.com)
Mitochondria1
- A leading hypothesis to account for the mechanistic basis of this response is that RF-EME targets the mitochondria, leading to perturbation of proton flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane and promoting electron leakage from the electron transport chain. (nature.com)
Fertilization3
- It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. (nih.gov)
- It can be found at the upper part of the head, containing lytic enzymes used to dissolve egg membrane to enhance penetration during fertilization. (acadlly.com)
- The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. (bioone.org)
Lumen1
- [4] They also secrete carnitine , sialic acid, glycoproteins, and glycerylphosphorylcholine into the lumen. (iiab.me)
Fluid3
- The result is a more fluid membrane with an increased permeability to Ca2+ ion. (wikipedia.org)
- Because sperm are initially non-motile as they leave the seminiferous tubules , large volumes of fluid are secreted to propel them to the epididymis. (iiab.me)
- This absorption creates a fluid current that moves the immobile sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis. (iiab.me)
Epithelium1
- The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium . (iiab.me)
Human3
- The effects of 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), which is the most toxic congener of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), on intracellular accumulation and transepithelial transport of vinblastine were examined in porcine kidney cells, LLC-PK1, and its transformant cells expressing human P-glycoprotein (LLC-MDR1). (go.jp)
- Human epididymis protein 4 in association with Annexin II promotes invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. (gzsys.org.cn)
- As an example, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) have been detected in the serum of ovarian cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Duct1
- Persistence of the cranial end of the mesonephric duct will leave behind a remnant called the appendix of the epididymis . (iiab.me)
Bound1
- Adenylate cyclase is membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. (medicosplexus.com)
Found1
- Tumor markers are soluble glycoproteins that are found in the blood, urine, or tissues of patients with certain types of cancer. (medscape.com)
Cell7
- The membrane-associated glycoprotein cadherin-16 (CDH16) plays a significant role in the embryonal development of thyroid follicles and cell adhesion. (bvsalud.org)
- These membrane extensions increase the surface area of the cell, allowing for greater absorption and secretion. (iiab.me)
- Epithelial cell membranes have the following three regions, distinct in function & structure that additionally provide membrane polarity. (biomadam.com)
- With the fusion of the spermatozoon cell membrane the oocyte is triggered to continue meiosis. (pediagenosis.com)
- His research focuses on red blood cell membrane disorders and anemias. (dana-farber.org)
- In both cells, the accumulation increased with the addition of PCB-126 and cyclosporine A (CYA), which are P-glycoprotein modulators, though the magnitudes were different in these two cell groups as well as for these two chemicals. (go.jp)
- Know normal platelet count, increased bleeding time, increased PTT *Captopril is a teratogen *MOA of Amphotericin B Punches holes in ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane *Tons of biostats. (pdfcoffee.com)
Blood2
- These cells are present in blood and lymphatic vessels (lining of capillaries), air sacs of lungs (alveoli), the lining of the heart, glomerular (Bowman's capsule) of kidneys, and the inner surface of the tympanic membrane (eardrum). (biomadam.com)
- Although much experimental evidence indicates that AE1 is required for membrane skeleton assembly, AE1-/- red blood cells have a normal membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)
Functions1
- Our laboratory focuses on the organization and functions of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)