• Transglutaminases (TGase) are multifunctional enzymes and constitute a family of eight isozymes designated as blood coagulation factor XIII and TG1-7. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Keratinocyte transglutaminase enzymes serve to specifically catalyze the development of the cornified cell envelope, a defining characteristic of epidermal keratinocytes that have undergone the termination of differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • To establish the skin barrier and the epidermal structure, keratinocytes undergo a tightly regulated process of differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) has a strong proinflammatory activity and targets molecules involved in the innate cutaneous immunity on keratinocytes by acting on TLR-2, leads to the development of comedones. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
  • Psoriasin, which is highly expressed in psoriasis, is encoded by a gene located within the epidermal differentiation complex. (medicaljournals.se)
  • The downregulation of psoriasin expression by small interfering RNA revealed that psoriasin mediates the expression of involucrin, desmoglein 1, transglutaminase 1 and CD24 in normal differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • In psoriasis, the differentiation process of the epidermal cells is disturbed. (medicaljournals.se)
  • In addition, the gene that encodes psoriasin is positioned within the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) (10-12), a gene cluster that contains several genes of importance in the terminal differentiation of the human epidermis (10, 11). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Evolution of transglutaminase genes: identification of a transglutaminase gene cluster on human chromosome 15q15. (wikipedia.org)
  • A lesser amount of enzymatic activity, of the TGK genes (5-10%), lies within the cytoplasmic fraction of such cells, allowing for finalization of the cross-linkaging necessary for the full functionality of the cornified cell envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structure of the gene encoding transglutaminase X and a novel gene family member, transglutaminase Z". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genomic structure of keratinocyte transglutaminase. (wikipedia.org)
  • A study on the mutation of keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) came to conclude that those affected with ichthyosis lamellaris, present a substantial deficit in keratinocyte transglutaminase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a known marker common to mouse and human M2 macrophages and is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for crosslinking reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Westernbolt analysis of three different forms of transglutaminase present in epidermis, with monospecific polyclonal antibodies to protransglutaminase E, showed non-identity with either the membrane-associated transglutaminase or the cytosolic tissue transglutaminase. (american.edu)
  • TG5 is strongly expressed in the epidermal granular cells, where it cross-links a variety of structural proteins in the terminal differentiation of the epidermis to form the cornified cell envelope. (nih.gov)
  • A cationic proenzyme form of epidermal transglutaminase (protransglutaminase E) has been isolated from epidermis of new born mouse and from adult guinea pig. (american.edu)
  • Upon activation, this zymogen is the source of most of the extractable enzyme activity in epidermis and skin. (american.edu)
  • Transglutaminases are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyze the formation of covalent $\varepsilon(\gamma$-glutamyl)lysine cross-links in proteins. (american.edu)
  • A study on the mutation of keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) came to conclude that those affected with ichthyosis lamellaris, present a substantial deficit in keratinocyte transglutaminase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is a transglutaminase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific cross linkages formed by keratinocyte transglutaminase are between n^ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine residues which develop into isopeptide protein-protein linkages that adds to the stabilization of the cornified cell envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transglutaminases (TGs) are a protein family that catalyzes isopeptide bond formation between glutamine and lysine residues of various proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • We previously have identified several substrate peptide sequences containing Gln residues for each isozyme and developed a method to detect isozyme-specific activities by incorporating a labeled substrate peptide into lysine residues of proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings demonstrated that TG2 activity exacerbates renal fibrosis by polarization of M2 macrophages from monocytes via ALOX15. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was concluded that those afflicted, display a decrease in activity of the enzyme, as a result of a lessened amount of transcription of the human TGK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evolution of transglutaminase genes: identification of a transglutaminase gene cluster on human chromosome 15q15. (wikipedia.org)
  • To elucidate TGs' mechanisms of action and develop new therapeutic strategies, it is essential to develop bioprobes that can specifically examine the activity of each TG isozyme, which has not been sufficiently studied. (bvsalud.org)