Epidemic influenza a virus h3n2 subtype. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since the protective ability of influenza vaccines depends primarily on the closeness of the match between the vaccine virus and the epidemic virus, the presence of nonreactive H3N2 SIV variants suggests current commercial vaccines might not effectively protect pigs from infection with a majority of H3N2 viruses. (wikipedia.org)
This report updates the 2004 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (CDC. (cdc.gov)
and 5) the assessment of vaccine supply, timing of influenza vaccination, and prioritization of inactivated vaccine in shortage situations. (cdc.gov)
This unprecedented level of antibody cross-reactivity against the H3 subtype can potentially inform on development of a pan-H3 vaccine or small-molecule therapeutics. (rcsb.org)
Is there a vaccine for influenza? (texas.gov)
A new influenza vaccine is available each year, typically beginning in August or September. (texas.gov)
We directly sequenced the genomes of 154 H3N2 clinical specimens collected throughout the epidemic to better understand the evolution of H3N2 strains and to inform the H3N2 vaccine selection process. (eurosurveillance.org)
Antigenic analysis demonstrated that viruses in the emerging subclade 3C.3 and subgroup 3C-2012/13 were not well inhibited by antisera generated against the 3C.1 vaccine strains used for the 2012/13 (A/Victoria/361/2011) or 2013/14 (A/Texas/50/2012) seasons. (eurosurveillance.org)
Our data support updating the H3N2 vaccine strain to a clade 3C.2 or 3C.3-like strain or a subclade that has drifted further. (eurosurveillance.org)
Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
There may be a small increased risk of fever and febrile convulsions with concomitant delivery of PCV13 and influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to under 5 years. (health.govt.nz)
Children aged under 5 years are more likely than older children or adults to have a febrile reaction to influenza vaccine. (health.govt.nz)
Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
The most important strategy for preventing influenza-associated morbidity and mortality is vaccination of persons in high-risk groups with vaccine closely matched to circulating strains. (cdc.gov)
This report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the United States and worldwide during the 1991-92 season and describes the composition of the 1992-93 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
As of April 10, 179 (99%) of the 180 influenza A(H3N2) viruses characterized at CDC resembled A/Beijing/353/89, the A(H3N2) component included in the 1991-92 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Interspecies Transmission from Pigs to Ferrets of Antigenically Distinct Swine H1 Influenza A Viruses with Reduced Reactivity to Candidate Vaccine Virus Antisera as Measures of Relative Zoonotic Risk. (cdc.gov)
To prepare for the potential of a future swine-origin IAV pandemic in humans, public health laboratories selected candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) for use as vaccine seed strains. (cdc.gov)
Getting an annual flu vaccine can also help protect against the flu, although it may not provide complete protection against all strains of the virus. (daddydontblog.com)
Fazekas believed that new epidemic strains could be generated in advance and this led to the Pasteur Institute manufacturing a vaccine from one of Fazekas's 'prospective' strains. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
It does not appear to interfere with the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. (nih.gov)
AFLURIA is an inactivated influenza virus vaccine indicated for active immunization of persons ages 6 months and older against influenza disease caused by influenza virus subtypes A and type B present in the vaccine. (drugs.com)
Administration of CSL's 2010 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine has been associated with increased postmarketing reports of fever and febrile seizures in children predominantly below the age of 5 years as compared to previous years. (drugs.com)
To improve the understanding of circulating influenza B lineages and influenza vaccine mismatches, we report the virus lineages circulating in northern Viet Nam over an eight-year period (2007-2014). (who.int)
The Northern Hemisphere's influenza vaccine components were mismatched with the predominant circulating viruses in 2007, 2009 and 2014. (who.int)
Quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing both lineages may improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccine programmes in the future. (who.int)
however, current seasonal influenza vaccine only includes one influenza B strain. (who.int)
As the two lineages have no cross-reactivity, the decision for vaccine lineage selection can be difficult in years when both influenza B lineages are circulating. (who.int)
A sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy was observed after vaccination with AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix influenza vaccine in Finland at the beginning of 2010. (plos.org)
The analysis was based on the presence or absence of antibody response against non-structural protein 1 (NS1) from H1N1pdm09 virus, which was not a component of Pandemrix vaccine. (plos.org)
There are 13 distinct H subtypes and 9 distinct N subtypes each of which require a different vaccine to protect against infection. (vetcos.com)
The flu vaccine is capable of offering more protection from the flu caused by the H1N1 viruses and Influenza B viruses as compared to H3N2 viruses. (digigiggles.com)
While other viruses mutate from year to year, H3N2 mostly undergoes genetic changes that result in a poor match between the strain included in the vaccine and the strains that later circulate during flu season. (digigiggles.com)
Many flu vaccines are produced in eggs and H3N2 viruses tend to adapt to growth in eggs more readily than other types of flu viruses which leads to less effectiveness of the vaccine strain. (digigiggles.com)
While the H3N2 still contains the same egg-adapted mutation even the vaccine strain that was recommended for the 2018/19 flu season is different from the previous season's H3N2 strain. (digigiggles.com)
The antigenic components of the influenza vaccine have been updated for the 2007-2008 season. (canada.ca)
This year, recommendations for routine influenza vaccine receipt have been expanded to include all pregnant women. (canada.ca)
In Canada, two available measures can reduce the impact of influenza: immunoprophylaxis with inactivated (killed-virus) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis or therapy with influenza-specific antiviral drugs. (canada.ca)
getting an annual flu vaccine is the best way to prevent H3N2 and other flu viruses. (aapbhijaano.com)
The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Even though the production of influenza vaccines is well established, and the regulatory process allows for rapid strain update or exchange, it takes 4-6 months until a vaccine against a newly emerging subtype is available in sufficient quantities ( 2 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
The Influenza vaccine is available at all health centers in the Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis. (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
The Public Health Agency participates in the European Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness (I-MOVE) network with data from Swedish sentinel sampling. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Thus the development of an effective and safe vaccine against divergent influenza A virus strains is urgently needed for the prevention of future outbreaks of influenza. (justia.com)
Continued antigenic drift was seen with the A(H3N2) viruses from the previous reference strains (A/California/7/2004 and A/New York/55/2004) and drift was also noted in some of the A(H1N1) strains from the reference/vaccine strain A/New Caledonia/20/99, although very few A(H1N1) viruses were isolated in Australia in 2006. (health.gov.au)
The B viruses isolated were predominately of the B/Victoria-lineage and similar to the reference/vaccine strain B/Malaysia/2506/2004. (health.gov.au)
if viruses evolve in this way, we'd ideally update vaccines, so the viral proteins in the vaccine are a closer match to the ones our bodies will encounter in circulating variants. (hotdesignspoint.com)
For influenza, the World Health Organization makes recommendations twice a year about which variants should be in that season's vaccine in each hemisphere. (hotdesignspoint.com)
For the H3N2 influenza subtype, which tends to cause the largest seasonal epidemics, challenges around vaccine selection and manufacturing mean effectiveness against symptomatic disease is typically less than 50 percent. (hotdesignspoint.com)
As a result, the coming year will be the start of a long game of cat-and-mouse, pitting vaccine updates against an evolving virus. (hotdesignspoint.com)
Getting a flu vaccine can protect against these viruses as well as additional flu viruses that are antigenically similar to the viruses used to make the vaccine. (greenvillenr.com)
Aging is usually associated with reduced influenza virus-specific and influenza vaccine-specific antibody responses but some elderly individuals with higher pre-exposure antibody titers, due to a previous infection or vaccination, have less probability to get infected. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to assess the molecular and seasonal pattern of influenza virus subtypes in western Saudi Arabia to inform policy decisions on influenza vaccine. (atlantis-press.com)
The burden due to influenza B may be underestimated with an observed vaccine mismatch. (atlantis-press.com)
A quadrivalent influenza vaccine is recommended to reduce the health impact associated with influenza B infections. (atlantis-press.com)
Molecular surveillance of the influenza viruses should be enhanced continuously for a better understanding of the influenza activity and assessment of vaccine effectiveness. (atlantis-press.com)
There is a promising trial of new flu vaccine , targeting the internal proteins of the virus, this vaccine may be used in vaccination of many viruses like flu in mechanism of infection. (egybio.net)
The The 1976 swine influenza vaccine was associated with an increased frequency of GBS. (who.int)
influenza vaccine have not been correlated with protection from influenza virus. (who.int)
1.2 change to one or more new strains in each year's influenza vaccine. (who.int)
The influenza vaccine should be given annually to everyone aged ≥ 6 months who does not have a contraindication. (msdmanuals.com)

Its name derives from the forms of the two kinds of proteins on the surface of its coat, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). By reassortment, H3N2 exchanges genes for internal proteins with other influenza subtypes. (wikipedia.org)
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) were used as an antiviral agent because neuraminidase can facilitate the release of viral particles by severing the sialic acid groups hemagglutinin-a surface protein influenza uses-is bound to. (pharmacytimes.com)
Since the N6 neuraminidase (NA) genes were clustered with the H5N6 AIV, there is a high possibility that these H3N6 CIVs were generated from a H3N2 CIVs and H5N6 AIVs reassortment case. (flu.org.cn)
It is characterised by an ability to constantly change its two surface proteins - haemagglutinin and neuraminidase - allowing the virus to cause successive epidemics every one or two years or more serious pandemics at irregular intervals. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Influenza virus is a pleomorphic, enveloped virus with two coat proteins on its surface, the haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Bird flu virus is an RNA virus, which resembles a short rod studded with two kinds of protein spikes such as the Haemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N). (vetcos.com)
The Neuraminidase (N) help the daughter virus break free of host cell once the virus Replication is completed. (vetcos.com)
Further Influenza A viruses are divided into different subtypes hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (digigiggles.com)
Neuraminidase inhibitors are again recommended as the first-line antiviral agents for the prevention of influenza rather than amantadine. (canada.ca)
Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Three subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1, H2 and H3) and two subtypes of neuraminidase (N1 and N2) are recognized among influenza A viruses that have caused widespread human disease. (canada.ca)
The virus is named after the two main surface proteins on its surface, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), which allow the virus to enter and exit host cells. (aapbhijaano.com)
To date, 18 hemagglutinin (H1-H18) and 11 neuraminidase (N1-N11) subtypes have been identified ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Fatimah Dawood who would like to disclose that she will discuss neuraminidase inhibitor medications that are FDA- approved only for treating uncomplicated influenza. (cdc.gov)
The virus can be classified into different subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (justia.com)
The major influenza CGI1746 types also differ in that influenza A and B viruses communicate hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as surface antigens whereas influenza C viruses communicate an HA-esterase-fusion protein on their surface.22 Because influenza A and B are the cause of most epidemics and are the intended focuses on of seasonal influenza vaccination the following conversation on virology will focus on these 2 computer virus types. (ap26113.com)
Our immune response is triggered by the virus' hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins, shown in semi-transparent blue. (scitechdaily.com)
Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminidase subtypes (H1 through H18 and N1 through N11, respectively). (greenvillenr.com)
We identified an influenza A(H3N2) genome encoding the oseltamivir resistance S331R mutation in neuraminidase, potentially associated with an emerging distinct intra-subtype reassortant. (ox.ac.uk)
Type A flu virus is subdivided into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (egybio.net)
The virus contained a subtype 1 hemagglutinin protein (H1) and a subtype 1 neuraminidase protein (N1). (atrainceu.com)
A) H1N1 indicates virus with hemagglutinin subtype 1 and neuraminidase subtype 1. (atrainceu.com)
H2N2 and H3N2 indicate viruses with hemagglutinin subtype 2 and neuraminidase subtype 2 and hemagglutinin subtype 3 and neuraminidase subtype 2, respectively. (atrainceu.com)

During the last decade, endemic swine H1 influenza A viruses (IAV) from six different genetic clades of the hemagglutinin gene caused zoonotic infections in humans. (cdc.gov)
The modification of glycosylation sites for the 1918 and SI/06 viruses also caused changes in viral antigenicity based on cross-reactive hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers with antisera from mice infected with wild-type or glycan mutant viruses. (health-e-nc.org)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)
In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
Hemagglutinin and NA are indicated on the surface of the computer virus and are required for access and exit respectively from your sponsor cell (Number 1).23 Influenza A viruses are subtyped on the basis of the major subtype of HA and NA indicated (eg H3N2 H1N1). (ap26113.com)
The portion of the matrix 2 (M2) protein that is outside the viral envelope … MAJOR IMMUNOGENIC PROTEINS Hemagglutinin is definitely a glycopeptide indicated on the surface of influenza viruses that facilitates access of the computer virus into sponsor cells.25 It is so named because of its property of agglutinating red blood cells. (ap26113.com)
Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the influenza viral surface that allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

H3N2 viruses can infect birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Most healthy adults who are ill with influenza may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. (texas.gov)
Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
The subtypes that infect pigs are H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2. (healthstatus.com)
Type B can cause epidemics but does not infect other animals or birds. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Influenza D viruses largely have an effect on cattle and are not regarded to infect or cause sickness in persons. (infotrace.net)
Pandemics occur if such a new subtype acquires the ability to infect and transmit in the human population. (frontiersin.org)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
These viruses are present in the air and infect a person by entering through nose or mouth. (zovon.com)
Influenza D viruses infect cattle and are not known to cause any illness in humans. (zovon.com)
Influenza is divided into 3 major types: A B and C. Influenza A viruses infect a wide variety of animals including humans parrots pigs horses and many others even though tropism of any particular influenza computer virus is generally highly adapted to a particular sponsor. (ap26113.com)
Influenza B viruses infect a smaller quantity of varieties namely humans and seals and are a substantial cause of annual influenza epidemics. (ap26113.com)
influenza C viruses which infect humans and pigs hardly ever account CGI1746 for human being infections and epidemics.22 The influenza genome is segmented. (ap26113.com)
Reassortment can occur when two influenza viruses infect a host at the same time and swap genetic information. (greenvillenr.com)
So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)

Present vaccination strategies for swine influenza virus (SIV) control and prevention in swine farms typically include the use of one of several bivalent SIV vaccines commercially available in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. (cdc.gov)
Vaccination is associated with reductions in influenza-related respiratory illness and physician visits among all age groups, hospitalization and death among persons at high risk, otitis media among children, and work absenteeism among adults ( 8--18 ). (cdc.gov)
Vaccination is the primary intervention used to curb influenza virus infection, and the WHO recommends immunization for at-risk individuals to mitigate disease. (mdpi.com)
there have been no controlled clinical studies demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with AFLURIA. (drugs.com)
Hypersensitivity to eggs, neomycin, or polymyxin, or life-threatening reaction to previous influenza vaccination. (drugs.com)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the decision to give AFLURIA should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks. (drugs.com)
Here, we analysed whether the coinciding influenza A H1N1pdm pandemic contributed, together with the Pandemrix vaccination, to the increased incidence of childhood narcolepsy in 2010. (plos.org)
Based on our findings, it is unlikely that H1N1pdm09 virus infection contributed to a sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy observed in Finland in 2010 after AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix vaccination. (plos.org)
Furthermore, over time, antigenic variation (antigenic drift) within a subtype may be so marked that infection or vaccination with one strain may not induce immunity to distantly related strains of the same subtype. (canada.ca)
The influenza vaccination campaign began in week 45 (first week of November). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Based on the ongoing pandemic and the expected increased demand for influenza vaccination, the Public Health Agency and the County Medical Officers decided that risk groups and healthcare workers would be prioritized for influenza vaccination during November. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
United States, 2023-2024 Influenza Season', review strategies to increase influenza vaccination rates and highlight current health disparities in vaccination coverage, and describe considerations and best practices for coadministering influenza vaccines and other childhood immunizations. (cdc.gov)
Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for people who are at increased risk of complications from the disease, such as those aged 65 years or older, and people with conditions such as cardiovascular disease and lung conditions which predispose them to severe influenza, and others with impaired immunity. (health.gov.au)
I'll give some background on influenza season burden, talk about influenza vaccination for this current season, and then I'll talk about influenza testing and conclude with discussion about antiviral treatment of influenza. (cdc.gov)
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the capacity of the immune system to fight influenza virus infection and to respond to vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
Although influenza vaccination represents the most effective way to prevent influenza infection, vaccines with greater immunogenicity are needed to improve the response of elderly individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
RÉSUMÉ Les informations sur la prévalence de la grippe, les sous-types circulants du virus et la saisonnalité sont essentielles pour la sélection des souches destinées aux vaccins annuels, ainsi que pour la planification des programmes de vaccination. (who.int)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the TIV-2, respectively, reported unsolicited adverse events. (who.int)

In years in which H3N2 is the predominant strain, there are more hospitalizations. (wikipedia.org)
The dominant strain of annual flu in humans in January 2006 was H3N2. (wikipedia.org)
The Hong Kong Flu was a flu pandemic caused by a strain of H3N2 descended from H2N2 by antigenic shift, in which genes from multiple subtypes reassorted to form a new virus. (wikipedia.org)
15.6% for the A/H1N1 strain) during the 2005/2006 influenza season. (pharmacytimes.com)
If a flu spike is caused by the H3N2 strain, it can lead to more severe symptoms compared to other flu strains. (daddydontblog.com)
Pandemics occur when a new strain of the virus emerges that is highly infectious and can spread rapidly between humans. (daddydontblog.com)
Examples are the Hong Kong virus strain A/England/102/72 (H3N2). (csiropedia.csiro.au)
The latter has been also eliminated by the emerging next pandemic strain influenza A/H3N2 in 1968-69. (iospress.nl)
In 1999 a different strain of bird flu virus identified as A (H9N2) infected two people in Hong Kong. (vetcos.com)
In April 2003, a Dutch veterinarian working in a farm infected with bird flu virus of H7 strain died of pneumonia. (vetcos.com)
During 2003-05 period the A (H5N1) strain of bird flu virus infected 117 people out of which 64 died. (vetcos.com)
Public health officials remain concerned that the genes of Influenza A (H5N1) strain virus which is slightly infectious to human beings could yet mix with a human strain to create a new strain that could spread widely in human population. (vetcos.com)
Two of the drugs, dextromethorphan and ketotifen, displayed a 50% effective dose between 5 and 50 μM, not only for the classic H1N1 PR8 strain, but also for a pandemic H1N1 and a seasonal H3N2 strain. (frontiersin.org)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
The emergence of a new strain of influenza virus are responsible for a pandemic. (zovon.com)
How successfully a person can fend off the flu depends not only on the virus' notorious ability to change with the season, but also on the strain first encountered during childhood, according to new research published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens on December 19, 2019. (scitechdaily.com)
The findings offer an explanation for why some patients fare much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus. (scitechdaily.com)
For decades, scientists and healthcare professionals were vexed by the fact that the same strain of the flu virus affects people to various degrees of severity. (scitechdaily.com)
In 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza emerged and caused a worldwide pandemic in which an estimated 280,000 people died. (atrainceu.com)
Antibodies to influenza viruses (including the human A2-Asian-57 strain) in sera from Australian shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus). (cdc.gov)
contribute ever, at the 8 sentinel sites for selecting hemispheres, influenza activity has been to global influenza surveillance and vac- SARI cases a cluster random sampling well described showing that annual win- cine strain selection by submitting virus technique was used for enrolment and ter epidemics are associated with excess strains to the WHO Global Influenza sampling. (who.int)
These new strains may cause seasonal epidemics because protection by antibody generated to the previous strain is decreased. (msdmanuals.com)

There were no differences seen in the levels of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase induced by H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. (aalto.fi)
The results of this study were significant because H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes cause periodic epidemics but still the comparison of the immune responses induced by these viruses has not been extensively studied in an appropriate way. (aalto.fi)
Both H1N1 and H3N2 are subtypes of the influenza A virus and can cause seasonal flu outbreaks in humans, but they have different genetic makeups and can vary in their severity and transmission. (aapbhijaano.com)
H1N1 and H3N2 are the major subtypes that cause human seasonal flu and global pandemics of influenza. (justia.com)
H1N1 and H3N2, it turned out, belong to two separate branches, or groups, on the influenza "family tree. (scitechdaily.com)
1) represent reactions that are known to occur following immunizations generally or influenza influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and influenza B viruses have been in global circulation. (who.int)

Less than 1% were associated with influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-infection and 0.3% had no influenza virus type determination. (medscape.com)
however, M2Is could not be used to treat influenza B infection (IBI) due to the lack of M2 protein on its surface. (pharmacytimes.com)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
1 ] Influenza C is associated with mild cases of upper respiratory infection. (health.govt.nz)
This phenomenon of successive infections by the influenza virus is in marked contrast to the situation with viruses like measles, mumps or small pox where exposure to a single infection induces lifelong immunity. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
The reason for this is not a poor immune response, rather it is the fact that the influenza virus continues to change its coat proteins so that the new infecting variants are no longer recognised and destroyed by the immune response generated against the earlier infection. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Infection of BALB/c mice with PMRV-GCCDC7 via intranasal inoculation led to relative weight loss, lung tissue damage and inflammation with the increase of virus titer, but no serious respiratory symptoms and death occurred. (bvsalud.org)
The literature part of this thesis discusses the general structure of influenza A viruses, the variation of influenza A viruses and the immune response to influenza virus infection. (aalto.fi)
Because clinical studies have shown that H3N2 subtypes of the influenza A viruses cause more severe infection than H1 viruses, the purpose of this thesis was to study the difference between these two subtypes. (aalto.fi)
Based on these results the virus dilutions used in the infection experiments were chosen. (aalto.fi)
In the cells infected with H1N1 viruses the amount of IRF7 decreased during the infection, while in the cells infected with the H3N2 virus the amount of IRF7 increased during infection. (aalto.fi)
Influenza infection occurs as an annual seasonal epidemic in winter or early spring in countries with temperate climates. (who.int)
1 Currently, four antigenically distinct groups of influenza viruses have been identified as the cause of human infection, including two subtypes of influenza A (A/H1N1 and A/H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B. The two influenza B lineages are represented by the reference strains B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88. (who.int)
Based on quantitative Western blot analysis, only two of the 45 (4.4%) Pandemrix-vaccinated narcoleptic patients showed specific antibody response against the NS1 protein from the H1N1pdm09 virus, indicating past infection with the H1N1pdm09 virus. (plos.org)
Instead, paired serum samples from patients, who suffered from a laboratory confirmed H1N1pdm09 infection, showed high levels or diagnostic rises (96%) in H1N1pdm virus NS1-specific antibodies and very high cross-reactivity to H3N2 subtype influenza A virus NS1 protein. (plos.org)
Seasonal influenza (the flu) is an acute respiratory an infection caused by influenza viruses. (infotrace.net)
Wellness and care employees are at substantial possibility of buying influenza virus an infection thanks to increased exposure to the clients, and of even further spreading especially to susceptible men and women. (infotrace.net)
In 2003, one person died from bird flu virus A (H5N1) in Asia out of two reported infection. (vetcos.com)
It gives an account of actions taken by the Secretariat within the framework of the Regulations regarding the international response in 2015, and to date in 2016, to public health events and emergencies - in particular, Ebola virus disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), poliomyelitis, avian influenza and Zika virus infection, with associated microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. (who.int)
Infection with a virus of one subtype confers little or no protection against viruses of other subtypes. (canada.ca)
Symptoms of H3N2 infection are similar to those of other flu viruses and can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's age and health status. (aapbhijaano.com)
In severe cases, H3N2 infection can lead to complications like pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death, especially in people with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. (aapbhijaano.com)
In severe cases, H3N2 infection can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure, especially in people with weakened immune systems, the elderly, or young children. (aapbhijaano.com)
It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)
Seasonal Influenza is an acute viral infection that spreads easily from person to person and seasonal epidemics usually occur at this time. (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
The present application is drawn to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for preventing and treating influenza virus infection and methods of treating influenza virus infection. (justia.com)
Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
These two MAbs were proven to inhibit virus infection in the post-attachment process rather than inhibition of receptor binding. (justia.com)
Influenza, commonly known as flu, refers to a respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. (zovon.com)
In other words, if you were a child and had your first bout of flu in 1955, when the H1N1 but not H3N2 virus was circulating, an infection with H3N2 was much more likely to land you in the hospital than an infection with H1N1 last year, when both strains were circulating," Worobey says. (scitechdaily.com)
In addition, flu vaccines will NOT protect against infection and illness caused by other viruses that also can cause influenza-like symptoms. (greenvillenr.com)
Influenza infection poses a significant public health threat. (atlantis-press.com)
Influenza virus subtypes co-circulate with no reports of co-infection. (atlantis-press.com)
Flu (influenza) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, which are divided into three types A, B and C. (egybio.net)
Avian Influenza (including infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses). (cdc.gov)
Evidence of infection with influenza viruses in migratory waterfowl. (cdc.gov)
Although influenza strengthened in close collaboration sites, El-Gabarty polyclinic and the causes self-limiting infection and most with the World Health Organization outpatient clinics of Helwan, Embaba, people recover quickly, pregnant (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Zagazig and Damietta fever hospitals, women, the very young, the elderly and Control and Prevention (CDC) in collect data on ILI cases only. (who.int)
Globally, seasonal influenza for severe acute respiratory infection Aswan and Minya fever hospitals. (who.int)
size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to Influenza illness and its complications follow infection with influenza viruses. (who.int)
Influenza C virus infection does not cause typical influenza illness and is not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)

Flu vaccines are based on predicting which "mutants" of H1N1, H3N2, H1N2, and influenza B will proliferate in the next season. (wikipedia.org)
Separate vaccines are developed for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in preparation for their annual epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Of the 97 recent H3N2 isolates examined, only 41 had strong serologic cross-reactions with antiserum to three commercial SIV vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
however, only one lineage is selected as a component of contemporary trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. (who.int)
Trivalent vaccines include H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B strains whereas an extra influenza B stain is included in quadrivalent vaccines. (digigiggles.com)
H3N2 is known to mutate rapidly, which can make it more difficult to develop effective vaccines and antiviral medications. (aapbhijaano.com)
Furthermore, these vaccines are limited to one or just a few strains and don't produce highly potent neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive immunity against divergent influenza viruses. (justia.com)
This is the main reason why seasonal influenza epidemics occur and vaccines need to be regularly updated. (health.gov.au)
When it comes to selecting influenza vaccines, teams use a range of data, from the growth rates of circulating variants in genomic data to tests of their immunological properties. (hotdesignspoint.com)
But the history of development for other universal vaccines, such as for influenza, suggests outright success is far from guaranteed. (hotdesignspoint.com)
Current seasonal flu vaccines are formulated to protect against influenza viruses known to cause epidemics, including: one influenza A(H1N1) virus, one influenza A(H3N2) virus, one influenza B/Victoria lineage virus, and one influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus. (greenvillenr.com)
Seasonal flu vaccines do not protect against influenza C or D viruses or against zoonotic (animal-origin) flu viruses that can cause human infections, such as variant or avian (bird) flu viruses. (greenvillenr.com)
ABSTRACT Information on the prevalence of influenza, circulating virus subtypes and seasonality is essential for selecting strains for annual vaccines and for planning immunization programmes. (who.int)
The majority of SAEs occurred after c adverse events listed below reflect experience in both children and adults and include those a causal relation of GBS with subsequent vaccines prepared from other influenza viruses is unclear. (who.int)
It also includes the composition of the Northern Hemisphere 2023-24 influenza vaccines and a brief update on influenza activity occurring during the summer of 2023 in the Southern Hemisphere. (cdc.gov)

In summary, H3N2 flu is concerning because it has a higher rate of hospitalization and death compared to other flu strains, can mutate and change its surface proteins, and has the potential to cause pandemics. (daddydontblog.com)
Their data showed conclusively that the emergence of new influenza virus epidemics was associated with the accumulation of point mutations in the virus coat proteins. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
In influenza A viruses there are 8 segments of RNA coding for eight viral proteins and two non-structural proteins. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Virus strains are named according to influenza virus type, the place where first isolated, the isolate number and the year of isolation as well as the nature of the two surface proteins. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Non-structural (NS) 1 proteins from recombinant influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) and influenza A/Finland/554/09 (H1N1pdm09) viruses were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine specific antibody responses in human sera. (plos.org)
Influenza A viruses are more labeled into subtypes according to the mixtures of the proteins on the floor of the virus. (infotrace.net)
There are 3 general types of flu viruses distinguished with their capsid (inner membrane) proteins as Type A, B and C. Type A flu virus cause most serious flu epidemics in humans, other mammals and birds. (vetcos.com)
Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
There are 3 types of influenza-A, B and C-which are classified according to their distinct internal proteins. (health.gov.au)
The 11 proteins of influenza A and B are encoded by 8 gene segments. (ap26113.com)
Influenza viruses are classified as type A, B, or C by their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. (msdmanuals.com)

measures to counteract their spread are vital for preventing influenza epidemics and pandemics. (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses also can cause pandemics, during which rates of illness and death from influenza-related complications can increase worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
H3N2 flu, like other flu strains, has the potential to cause pandemics. (daddydontblog.com)
Influenza viruses of the A and B genera may elicit epidemics and pandemics periodically. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Type A is the cause of epidemics and pandemics and infects animals and birds as well as humans. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
This systematic review assesses the effects of school closures on the transmission of influenza, including data from the recent 2009 pandemic as well as from previous pandemics and seasonal outbreaks. (bmj.com)
Only influenza variety A viruses are identified to have brought about pandemics. (infotrace.net)
Annual epidemics represent an important disease burden and cause an estimated 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide, and occasional pandemics are associated with increased morbidity and mortality ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Evolutionary timelines derived from signatures of early human influenza isolates suggest that characteristic variants emerged rapidly, and remained remarkably stable through subsequent pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
Mortality associated with the Asian and Hong Kong influenza pandemics was less severe, with the highest mortality rates being in the elderly and people with chronic diseases. (health.gov.au)
Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). (greenvillenr.com)
Background Influenza virus presents a considerable challenge to public health by causing seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. (ox.ac.uk)
At least four influenza pandemics occurred in the nineteenth century, followed by three more in the twentieth century and one in this century. (atrainceu.com)
Kilbourne ED. Influenza pandemics of the 20th Century. (cdc.gov)

Nationally, influenza B/Victoria viruses are predominant, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
Influenza B/Victoria viruses are most common among children aged 4 years and younger (48% of reported viruses) and those aged 5 to 24 years (59% of reported viruses). (medscape.com)
Of 27 deaths that have been reported this season, 18 were linked to influenza B viruses (five of these had the lineage determined and all five were B/Victoria viruses). (medscape.com)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Lineages of 331 influenza B viruses were characterized by haemagglutination inhibition assay against standard reference ferret (Yamagata) and sheep (Victoria) antisera. (who.int)
Influenza kind B viruses belong to possibly B/Yamagata or B/Victoria lineage. (infotrace.net)
Of the 29 cases reported, 19 cases were influenza B and 10 were influenza A. Of the influenza B cases, six were typed for lineage of which all were influenza B/Victoria. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
In total, 11 viruses were genetically characterised by whole genome sequencing, of which s ix were influenza A(H3N2) and five were B/Victoria. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
The currently circulating Influenza B virus lineages are: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. (zovon.com)
Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes, while influenza B viruses are further classified into two lineages: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. (greenvillenr.com)
Evidence for two distinct lineages of influenza B (Victoria and Yamagata lineages) have co-circulated worldwide. (who.int)
however, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Victoria viruses also were reported. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B lineage information was available for 1,168 (81.1%) influenza B viruses, with all of them belonging to the Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)

H3N2 evolved from H2N2 by antigenic shift and caused the Hong Kong Flu pandemic of 1968 and 1969 that killed up to 750,000 humans. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza B was also isolated in Hong Kong and Singapore in September and October. (cdc.gov)
for example, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2). (health.govt.nz)
antigenic drift which occurs within influenza virus subtypes and antigenic shift to new subtypes such as the emergence of Asian influenza in 1957 and Hong Kong influenza in 1968. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Type A virus that caused the 1968 Hong Kong flu epidemic has type 3 H protein molecules and Type 2 N protein molecules and is called A (H3N2). (vetcos.com)
H3N2 first appeared in humans in 1968 during a pandemic known as the "Hong Kong flu. (aapbhijaano.com)
H3N2 is a subtype of the influenza A virus, also known as the "Hong Kong flu. (aapbhijaano.com)
and the 1968 'Hong Kong Flu' A(H3N2). (health.gov.au)
Viboud C, Grais RF, Lafont BAP, Miller MA, Simonsen L. Multinational impact of the 1968 Hong Kong Influenza pandemic: Evidence for a smoldering pandemic. (cdc.gov)

Pigs can carry human influenza viruses, which can combine (i.e. exchange homologous genome subunits by genetic reassortment) with H5N1, passing genes and mutating into a form which can pass easily among humans. (wikipedia.org)
Measured resistance to the standard antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine in H3N2 in humans had increased to 91% by 2005. (wikipedia.org)
The new subtypes arose in pigs coinfected with avian and human viruses and were soon transferred to humans. (wikipedia.org)
However, other hosts appear capable of similar coinfection (e.g., many poultry species), and direct transmission of avian viruses to humans is possible. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza A virus, a member of the genus Orthomyxovirus, is an economically important virus that causes disease in humans, pigs, horses, and fowl ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
some data implies that the pigs caught the virus from the humans back then. (healthstatus.com)
Researchers confirmed that the virus infesting these pigs was a blended structure of viral-strains from humans and birds. (healthstatus.com)
It was first identified in humans in 1968 and has since become one of the most common strains of the flu virus. (daddydontblog.com)
So far, the avian and porcine subtypes of the influenza A viruses have not well adapted to humans. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
Type C can cause mild infections in humans but does not cause epidemics. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Emerging and re-emerging viruses from wild animals have seriously threatened the health of humans and domesticated animals in recent years. (bvsalud.org)
Now circulating in humans are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. (infotrace.net)
Type B and C viruses are restricted to humans and cause only mild infections. (vetcos.com)
The bird flu virus, which passed to humans directly from bird, is with Type 5 H protein and type 1 N protein. (vetcos.com)
The flu is termed a respiratory illness caused by the influenza viruses which are of four types A, B, C, and D but only A, B, and C can spread to humans. (digigiggles.com)
One such virus is H3N2, a subtype of the influenza A virus that causes seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. (aapbhijaano.com)
H3N2 is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which is a highly contagious respiratory virus that can cause seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. (aapbhijaano.com)
H3N2, on the other hand, has been circulating in humans since the late 1960s and is one of the most common strains of seasonal flu viruses that cause outbreaks and epidemics each year. (aapbhijaano.com)
From these animals the virus can spread to domestic poultry or directly to humans and other mammalian hosts ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
This virus has limited zoonotic potential: only four influenza subtypes have been known to circulate amongst humans, while at least 100 subtypes have been observed in birds. (biomedcentral.com)
However, occasional transmissions of influenza A to humans can have a tremendous impact. (biomedcentral.com)
The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
Of the 16 known HAs and nine NAs, three HA subtypes (H1, H2, and H3) and two NA subtypes (N1 and N2) are most commonly found in humans. (justia.com)
The ancestral hosts for influenza A viruses are aquatic birds, however, it has also been established in some mammals, such as humans and pigs. (health.gov.au)
The natural host for types B and C is humans, although influenza C has been isolated from pigs. (health.gov.au)
Currently, there is concern that the avian A(H5N1) virus that has infected and killed millions of poultry in many countries will undergo such changes or naturally mutate to make it easily transmissible in humans and hence trigger a pandemic. (health.gov.au)
Influenza is considered as one of the deadliest diseases of humans. (zovon.com)
The discovery helped overturn the prior commonly held belief that previous exposure to a flu virus conferred little or no immunological protection against strains that can jump from animals into humans, such as those causing the so-called swine flu or bird flu. (scitechdaily.com)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)

Our data provide evidence that dogs may play a role in interspecies transmission and spread of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
The spread of influenza A/H1N1 viruses did not prevent the circulation of A/H3N2-caused influenza A epidemics. (iospress.nl)
The spread of influenza has been very low in the northern hemisphere and in most of the rest of the world. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Predominant viruses differ by region and age group, the CDC explains. (medscape.com)
In northern Africa (Morocco and Tunisia), during the month of January, the predominant virus was influenza B virus. (who.int)
In southern Asia (Pakistan and Islamic Republic of Iran) the predominant circulating virus is Influenza A (H3) virus. (who.int)
The predominant virus has varied by week, region, and even between states within the same region. (cdc.gov)
Our data showed a common co-circulation of both influenza B lineages in northern Viet Nam, and it was difficult to predict which one was the predominant lineage. (who.int)
Influenza A was the predominant type notified (71%), however influenza B activity continued to increase as a proportion of reported cases. (health.gov.au)
Influenza peaks were observed in October each season, with variant predominant strains. (atlantis-press.com)
Influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant virus during the 2022-23 influenza season as a whole and for each week from early October through the end of January. (cdc.gov)
Since mid-June, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have been the predominant virus (Figure 2). (cdc.gov)
Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics with moderate or severe disease, either as the predominant circulating virus or along with influenza A. (msdmanuals.com)
Most influenza epidemics are caused by a predominant serotype, but different influenza viruses may appear sequentially in one location or may appear simultaneously, with one virus predominating in one location and another virus predominating elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)

H3N2 is a subtype of the viral genus Influenzavirus A, which is an important cause of human influenza. (wikipedia.org)
Human influenza viruses bind to glycolipids or glycans that contain terminal sialyl-galactosyl residues with α 2,6-gal linkages (SAα 2,6-gal), whereas avian influenza viruses bind to residues with SAα 2,3-gal linkages ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
During the flu-epidemic in 1918, this ailment was projected as a virus co-related to human influenza. (healthstatus.com)
Seasonal human influenza causes about 36,000 deaths and 226,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. (medscape.com)
This Influenza virus is infectious to all species of animals and birds: Human Influenza, Swine Influenza, Equine Influenza, Avian Flu etc are the different names. (vetcos.com)
There are four types of influenza viruses, namely, A, B, C and D. Human influenza viruses, A and B cause seasonal flu every year. (zovon.com)

In South Korea, where avian influenza virus subtypes H3N2, H5N1, H6N1, and H9N2 circulate or have been detected, 3 genetically similar canine influenza virus (H3N2) strains of avian origin (A/canine/Korea/01/2007, A/canine/Korea/02/2007, and A/canine/Korea/03/2007) were isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)
Examples of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses include recent human infections with the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus, and in canine infections with the H3N8 subtype of equine influenza virus ( 3 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
We report interspecies transmission of a complete avian influenza virus (H3N2) to dogs and the emergence of a new canine influenza virus associated with acute respiratory disease in South Korea, where avian influenza viruses (H3N2, H5N1, H6N1, and H9N2) currently circulate or have been previously detected ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
In addition, the signatures of human-infecting H5N1 isolates suggest that this avian subtype has low pandemic potential at present, although it presents more human adaptation components than most avian subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Current widespread concern over the potential threat of a human pandemic caused by mutated H5N1 avian influenza viruses highlights the medical, social, and economic value of tools that enable correct assessment of the potential for transmissibility of avian flu viruses amongst human hosts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the circulating H5N1 subtype has negligible potential for human-to-human transmission, there is a concern that it might acquire the necessary mutations for this capability. (biomedcentral.com)
This has led to a growing concern regarding the pandemic potential of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. (justia.com)
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)

WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Epidemiology Office and Influenza Br, Div of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. (cdc.gov)
Between the years 1997 and 2002, 3 latest viral-strains of the influenza subtypes and five diverse genotypes were discovered as the primary reason for flu among pigs in North America. (healthstatus.com)
Severe influenza can cause primary viral pneumonia. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Influenza is an acute self-limiting viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. (health.gov.au)
Influenza refers to illness caused by the influenza viruses, but the term is commonly and incorrectly used to refer to similar illnesses caused by other viral respiratory pathogens. (msdmanuals.com)

Most of the country is experiencing high influenza-like illness activity and 800 more deaths were reported during the last week of 2019 alone, according to the most recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
The percentage of outpatient healthcare provider visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) rose from 5.1% to 6.9% during the week ending December 28 (week 52). (medscape.com)
Influenza-like illness activity was high in the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and 34 states (37 jurisdictions), compared with 28 jurisdictions during the previous week. (medscape.com)
Influenza ("the flu") is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. (texas.gov)
Seasonal influenza illness is typically caused by influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 or H3N2, or by influenza B or C viruses. (texas.gov)
An influenza-associated pediatric death is a death in a child under 18 years of age resulting from a clinically compatible illness that is confirmed to be influenza by an appropriate laboratory or rapid diagnostic test. (texas.gov)
Most people who develop influenza illness will recover on their own with bed rest and do not need medication. (texas.gov)
These medications are usually prescribed to persons who have a severe illness or to those who are at higher risk for developing serious illness or complications due to influenza. (texas.gov)
Some people are more likely to develop complications from their influenza illness, leading to hospitalization or even death. (texas.gov)
Antiviral medications can help treat H3N2 flu, especially if taken early in the course of the illness. (daddydontblog.com)
Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness. (nih.gov)
In Viet Nam, influenza constitutes an important cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) among outpatients seeking clinical care. (who.int)
Seasonal epidemics of respiratory illness are caused by Influenza A and B which occur every year. (digigiggles.com)
Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
Influenza surveillance in Australia is based on laboratory isolation of influenza viruses, sentinel general practitioner reports of influenza-like illness, and absenteeism data from a major national employer. (health.gov.au)
Reports of influenza-like illness from sentinel general practitioners showed a slow but steady increase throughout the first half of the year to peak in late August. (health.gov.au)
Influenza C virus infections generally cause mild illness and are not thought to cause human epidemics. (greenvillenr.com)
This graphic shows the two types of influenza viruses (A and B) that cause most human illness and that are responsible for flu seasons each year. (greenvillenr.com)
There are many other viruses besides influenza that can result in influenza-like illness (ILI) that spread during flu season. (greenvillenr.com)
and influenza-like illness (ILI) in 1999. (who.int)
Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)

Both the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic flu strains contained genes from avian influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)

The beagles shed virus through nasal excretion, seroconverted, and became ill with severe necrotizing tracheobronchitis and bronchioalveolitis with accompanying clinical signs (e.g., high fever). (cdc.gov)
The symptoms of the H3N2 flu can range from moderate to severe and include fever, chills, a sore throat, a cough, body pains, and weariness. (daddydontblog.com)
The symptoms of H3N2 flu can vary in severity from mild to severe, and they can appear suddenly. (daddydontblog.com)
This is because the virus can cause more severe symptoms and complications, such as pneumonia. (daddydontblog.com)
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe symptoms or if you are at high risk for complications from H3N2 flu. (daddydontblog.com)
The symptoms depend on the virus genus (A and B severe courses, C less severe courses). (hartmann-academie.nl)
Flu seasons that are dominated by H3N2 activity are more severe, particularly among older adults and younger children. (digigiggles.com)
Since March 2013, human infections with a previously undescribed H7N9 virus were observed, which also circulates in domestic birds without causing severe disease ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Influenza A (H1N1) virus has been associated with severe diseases and complications in neighbouring Caribbean territories. (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
4 Influenza C is more like the common cold in its effect, being less severe than influenza A or B. 5 Influenza types A and B are responsible for major outbreaks. (health.gov.au)
H3N2 causes the majority of severe, clinically attended cases in high-risk elderly cohorts and the majority of overall deaths. (scitechdaily.com)
According to a prospective cohort study, as many as 1 in 3 children seeking treatment in the ED for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) at the peak of flu season are at high risk of suffering severe complications. (medscape.com)
In the United States the first reports came from public health officials in Haskell County, Kansas, who reported "18 cases of influenza of a severe type. (atrainceu.com)
The effect of the influenza epidemic was so severe that the average lifespan in the United States was depressed by 10 years (Billings, 2005). (atrainceu.com)
The second wave occurred with an outbreak of severe influenza in the fall of 1918 and the final wave hit in the spring of 1919. (atrainceu.com)
Influenza activity in the United States during the 2022-23 season (October 2, 2022 - September 9, 2023) was moderately severe and was characterized by activity that returned to pre-COVID-19 levels but occurred earlier than is usual. (cdc.gov)

In addition, influenza infections were recently reported in species (canine, feline) that historically do not carry influenza virus ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
However, most directly transmitted infections of entire influenza viruses from a natural host species to a new host species do not result in sustained transmission in the new host species ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses trigger influenza and respiratory infections respectively. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Infections can be triggered by seasonal and zoonotic influenza viruses. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Zoonotic infections, for example avian or swine flu, are caused by influenza A viruses. (hartmann-academie.nl)
Influenza is one of the most significant causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
In the early 1970s there was considerable speculation about the way in which the influenza virus escaped immune responses and continued to cause repeated infections year after year. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Especially peculiar epidemic behavior have been observed in the case of influenza A/H1N1 infections during the last 40 years. (iospress.nl)
Ninety-9 % of deaths in kids underneath 5 yrs of age with influenza-associated decreased respiratory tract bacterial infections are in building nations. (infotrace.net)
Influenza C virus is detected considerably less usually and typically results in moderate infections, hence does not present public overall health relevance. (infotrace.net)
The effects of seasonal influenza epidemics in producing international locations are not entirely regarded, but analysis estimates that 99% of deaths in youngsters under 5 many years of age with influenza connected reduce respiratory tract bacterial infections are in creating nations (2) . (infotrace.net)
National influenza surveillance is coordinated through the Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division (IRID), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). (canada.ca)
Influenza infections are seasonal in temperate climates, more commonly occurring in the colder months (June to September in the Southern Hemisphere and December to April in the Northern Hemisphere) but may occur year-round in tropical regions. (health.gov.au)
Influenza C viruses are less frequently detected and cause mild infections, which are not a threat to public health. (zovon.com)
Then, in 2016, a team including Worobey and authors of the current study presented a paper in the journal Science showing that past exposure to the flu virus determines an individual's response to subsequent infections, a phenomenon called immunological imprinting. (scitechdaily.com)
This study included a total of 1928 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. (atlantis-press.com)
Although respiratory infections can be classified by the causative virus (eg, influenza), they are generally classified. (msdmanuals.com)

A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses are circulating at very low levels," the CDC reports. (medscape.com)
No influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses were identified. (cdc.gov)

Avian influenza virus H3N2 is endemic in pigs in China, and has been detected in pigs in Vietnam, contributing to the emergence of new variant strains. (wikipedia.org)
This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)

Seasonal H3N2 flu is a human flu from H3N2 that is slightly different from one of the previous year's flu season H3N2 variants. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza A variants with reduced in vitro sensitivity to amantadine have been isolated from epidemic strains in areas where adamantane derivatives are being used. (nih.gov)
The quantitative relationship between the in vitro sensitivity of influenza A variants to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established. (nih.gov)
Variants circulating in the world during 1947-57 disappeared due to the emergence of subtype influenza A/H2N2. (iospress.nl)
Influenza A/H1N1 viruses continued to undergo antigenic "drift" in comparison to the reference strains from A/USSR/90/77-like strains to A/Singapure/6/86-like variants. (iospress.nl)
The epidemics caused by influenza A/H1N1 variants alternated with epidemics caused by influenza A/H3N2. (iospress.nl)
For these reasons, major epidemics of respiratory disease caused by new variants of influenza continue to occur. (canada.ca)
After the 1918 pandemic, H1N1 variants circulated for 39 years before being replaced by an H2N2 virus in 1957. (atrainceu.com)
influenza identifies yearly antigenic variants. (who.int)

Of 17 isolates from sporadic cases, 11 were type A(H1N1), two were type A(H3N2), and four were type B. (cdc.gov)
Canada reported the first isolates of the 1988-89 influenza season from type A(H1N1) virus activity in late November and early December. (cdc.gov)
Of the 5861 influenza virus isolates reported to CDC, more than 99% were influenza A. Of the influenza A virus isolates subtyped, 81% were influenza A(H3N2), and 19% were influenza A(H1N1). (cdc.gov)
Influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated most frequently in the mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic regions and accounted for 30% and 52% of influenza A isolates, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Although influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated less frequently worldwide, Belgium and Japan reported that A(H1N1) viruses constituted the majority of isolates and were isolated from outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e. (nih.gov)
It has very little or no activity against influenza B virus isolates. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED 50 ) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. (nih.gov)
Sequence analysis of the haemagglutinin gene was performed in 64 selected influenza B isolates. (who.int)
In 2006, 657 influenza isolates from Australia were antigenically analysed: 402 were A(H3N2), 24 were A(H1N1) and 231 were influenza B viruses. (health.gov.au)

We have reviewed an extensive body of the literature on the effects of school closure on the incidence and transmission of influenza. (bmj.com)
Person-to-person transmission of influenza virus occurs through droplets from the respiratory tract that are spread by direct contact, through coughing or sneezing, or by hands contaminated with respiratory secretions. (canada.ca)
Now, there is real fear between scientists and people of transmission of influenza viruses from animals to people . (egybio.net)

An analysis of 13,000 samples of influenza A/H3N2 virus that were collected across six continents from 2002 to 2007 by the WHO's Global Influenza Surveillance Network showed the newly emerging strains of H3N2 appeared in East and Southeast Asian countries about six to nine months earlier than anywhere else. (wikipedia.org)
Of the 5,319 specimens tested by U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) collaborating laboratories and reported to CDC/Influenza Division, 737 (13.9%) were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
In collaboration with state and local health departments, CDC conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
Based on data from death certificates provided by CDC's 121 U.S. Cities Mortality Surveillance System, excess mortality was associated with P&I. The proportion of deaths attributable to P&I exceeded the epidemic threshold for 7 consecutive weeks (from the weeks ending December 28 through February 8) and peaked at 7.9% of all deaths during the week ending January 18. (cdc.gov)
The Viet Nam National Influenza Surveillance System (NISS) was established in 2005 based on sentinel sites in four regions (northern, southern, highlands and central). (who.int)
The National Influenza Center (NIC) at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi (NIHE) conducts influenza virological surveillance in northern Viet Nam. (who.int)
The surveillance data provides information on the effect and seasonality of influenza in Viet Nam and monitors influenza virus strains circulating throughout the country. (who.int)
There was no influenza epidemic in Sweden during the 2020-2021 influenza surveillance season, due to a combination of factors stemming from the current COVID-19 pandemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
The number of cases reported nationally stayed below the threshold value for epidemic start throughout the surveillance period from week 40 , 2020 , until week 20 , 2021. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Virus characterisation is normally performed on a selection of the influenza-positive samples from the sentinel surveillance programme and from laboratories. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
This report provides an analysis of influenza surveillance data in Australia during 2006. (health.gov.au)
In 2006, 3,130 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, which was one-third lower than in 2005. (health.gov.au)
This slide depicts the number of specimens, respiratory specimens that tested positive for influenza reported to the WHO's Global Influenza, Surveillance, and Response System. (cdc.gov)
Medical records and surveillance database of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were reviewed from October 2015 to 2019. (atlantis-press.com)
U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) laboratories, which include both clinical and public health laboratories throughout the United States, contribute to virologic surveillance for influenza (1). (cdc.gov)
A weekly surveillance report of seasonal influenza in the US is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's FluView . (msdmanuals.com)

I would like to welcome you to today's COCA Call, 2023 to 2024 Recommendation for Influenza Prevention and Treatment in Children an Update for Pediatric Providers. (cdc.gov)
and describe antiviral treatment recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza for the 2022-2023 season, including during community co circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
So, I'm going to speak about the 2022-2023 seasonal influenza testing and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
This report describes the extent and timing of influenza activity in the United States during the 2022-23 influenza season (October 2, 2022 - September 9, 2023) as reported to CDC by clinical and public health laboratories, outpatient providers, emergency departments, hospitals, vital statistics offices, and public health departments. (cdc.gov)

The most recent strains of influenza were noticed during the 2009 swine flu endemic in Mexico and some farm pigs in Alberta, Canada. (healthstatus.com)
More than 20 strains of Influenza A viruses are identified, based on their difference in protein spikes. (vetcos.com)
However, it has been difficult to obtain MAbs which neutralize divergent strains of influenza viruses with sufficient cross-protective immunity. (justia.com)

The virus can also be spread by people who are infected but have no symptoms. (texas.gov)
Some persons who are infected with the influenza virus do not have symptoms. (texas.gov)
Healthy individuals exposed to someone with influenza should monitor themselves for a few days to see if they develop symptoms. (texas.gov)
Although currently available antiviral drugs can reduce the symptoms of influenza and limit virus transmission, the possibility of selecting resistant strains still exists, meaning influenza treatment continues to be a challenge. (pharmacytimes.com)
The success of treatment with M2Is is dependent on the early administration (within 48 hours) from the onset of influenza symptoms, according to the study. (pharmacytimes.com)
These medications work by stopping the virus from replicating in the body and can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. (daddydontblog.com)
Getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve symptoms of H3N2 flu. (daddydontblog.com)
See Clinical Presentation for more detailed information on the signs and symptoms of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
Clinical symptoms and homogeneity of laboratory results are consistent with an origin of these epidemics being related to the circulation of an influenza virus A subtype H3N2. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza can worsen signs or symptoms of other continual diseases. (infotrace.net)
These symptoms usually appear within 1-4 days after exposure to the virus and can last for several days up to a week or more. (aapbhijaano.com)
Both are respiratory illnesses caused by viruses, and they share many symptoms. (everydayhealth.com)
Common cold symptoms typically develop about one to three days after exposure to cold-causing viruses. (everydayhealth.com)
There are many different viruses that can cause a cold, but most of these viruses cause very similar cold symptoms," says Aaron E. Glatt, MD , chief of infectious diseases at Mount Sinai South Nassau in Oceanside, New York. (everydayhealth.com)
Unlike a cold, the flu is usually accompanied by fever, and influenza symptoms tend to come on more suddenly. (everydayhealth.com)
Influenza C viruses are not known to cause serious symptoms or result in epidemics. (zovon.com)

In the spring of 2009, a different influenza virus - one that had never been seen before - suddenly appeared. (bcm.edu)
We often see different influenza viruses dominating in different continents and countries. (hotdesignspoint.com)
A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that infects people, has the ability to spread efficiently among people, and against which people have little or no immunity. (greenvillenr.com)

All influenza types and subtypes have been identified at high levels this season and continue to circulate widely. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B viruses circulate throughout Viet Nam, and their activities vary by region. (who.int)
5 Influenza viruses circulate year-round with two distinct peaks in virus circulation 6 unlike in temperate climates where a single peak in the winter season is typical. (who.int)
There are 4 types of influenza viruses, styles A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B viruses circulate and induce seasonal epidemics of ailment. (infotrace.net)
Since then, it has continued to circulate as a seasonal flu virus, causing outbreaks and epidemics around the world. (aapbhijaano.com)
Current subtypes of influenza A viruses that routinely circulate in people include A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). (greenvillenr.com)

Generally, medical history shows that swine flu is caused by certain categories of influenza. (healthstatus.com)
The Influenza A viruses that we are familiar with are H1N1( also known as swine flu) and H3N2. (digigiggles.com)
Is H3N2 swine flu? (aapbhijaano.com)
H3N2 is not the same as swine flu. (aapbhijaano.com)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)

The influenza viruses contain eight segments of single-strand RNA , continually change over time through "antigenic drift" or "antigenic shift" . (egybio.net)

There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease in people (known as flu season) almost every winter in the United States. (greenvillenr.com)

Indicators of influenza involve acute onset of fever, cough, sore throat, body aches and exhaustion. (infotrace.net)

Study selection Studies were included if they reported on a seasonal or pandemic influenza outbreak coinciding with a planned or unplanned school closure. (bmj.com)
4 Here, we review epidemiological studies to assess the effects of school closures on transmission and incidence of seasonal and pandemic influenza, updating and extending previous reviews 2 , 4 to include data from the 2009 pandemic. (bmj.com)
In addition, 37 to 199 flu -related deaths have been reported per season in children less than 18 years of age during the most recent five pre-COVID pandemic influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
Pandemic influenza results from the emergence of a new influenza A virus to which the population possesses little or no immunity and that can occur at any time of year. (atrainceu.com)

Epidemics of influenza typically occur during the winter months in temperate regions and have been responsible for an average of approximately 36,000 deaths/year in the United States during 1990--1999 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
Since influenza A viruses contain eight separate segments of RNA, genetic re-assortment can occur when cells are infected simultaneously by two or more influenza viruses resulting in progeny viruses that contain some (1, 2, 3 or 4) RNA segments from one parent virus and the remaining (7, 6, 5 or 4) RNA segments from the second virus. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Although influenza B viruses have shown more antigenic stability than influenza A viruses, antigenic variation does occur. (canada.ca)

The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) has been at or above the epidemic threshold for the ninth consecutive week. (cdc.gov)
During the 11 influenza seasons from 1977 through 1988, more than 10,000 excess deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) were reported during each of seven seasons, and approximately 45,000 deaths were reported during each of two seasons (CDC, unpublished data, 1992). (cdc.gov)
In extreme circumstances influenza can guide to pneumonia and sepsis. (infotrace.net)

Influenza A viruses are one of the most important respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
They are the primary respiratory pathogens that cause annual epidemics with high economic loss and approximately 250,000-500,000 deaths annually worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. (atlantis-press.com)
The development of the virus concept as reflected in corpora of studies on individual pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, establishing new, long-lived influenza virus lineage is uncommon and difficult ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

CDC has antigenically characterized 1,468 influenza viruses [353 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses, 626 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 489 influenza B viruses] collected by U.S. laboratories since October 1, 2010. (cdc.gov)

Consistent with histologic observation of lung lesions, large amounts of avian influenza virus binding receptor (SAα 2,3-gal) were identified in canine tracheal, bronchial, and bronchiolar epithelial cells, which suggests potential for direct transmission of avian influenza virus (H3N2) from poultry to dogs. (cdc.gov)

2 years, and persons of any age who have medical conditions that place them at increased risk for complications from influenza ( 2,5--7 ). (cdc.gov)
however, some individuals develop serious complications or die from influenza. (texas.gov)
Individuals at higher risk of complications who have close contact with someone with influenza should contact their medical provider as soon as possible after exposure. (texas.gov)
Especially if you are at high risk for complications from H3N2 flu. (daddydontblog.com)
Programs should focus on those at high risk of influenza-related complications, those capable of transmitting influenza to individuals at high risk of complications, and those who provide essential community services. (canada.ca)
H3N2 can be particularly dangerous for individuals who are at high risk for complications from the flu, such as older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with certain underlying medical conditions. (aapbhijaano.com)
We will have our epidemic of influenza, of a type not very different from what we know already, with complications in the usual age groups', remarked Ian Watson, director of the College of General Practitioners' Epidemic Observation Unit in June 1957. (spiked-online.com)
1 The health and economic impact of influenza largely arise from related complications. (health.gov.au)
Complications from influenza can result in increased hospitalisations and mortality. (health.gov.au)

Elder cohorts had been protected probably by residual immunity since it happened that the antigenic structure of A/USSR/90/77-like A/H1N1 viruses possessed nearly identical antigenic properties than those circulating in 1950th. (iospress.nl)

In Asia, outbreaks of influenza A(H3N2) were reported in Japan, Korea, and the People's Republic of China. (cdc.gov)
While outbreaks of influenza may be traced as far back as 412 B.C.E. , the first pandemic , or worldwide epidemic, that clearly fits the description of influenza occurred in 1580. (atrainceu.com)

This system tracks weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths and was implemented on August 30, 2009, during the 2009 pandemic, and ended on April 4, 2010. (cdc.gov)
From October 3, 2010 - March 26, 2011, 14,547 laboratory-confirmed influenza associated hospitalizations and 277 laboratory-confirmed influenza associated deaths were reported to CDC. (cdc.gov)
Only 29 sporadic cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported in Sweden. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

In the past ten years, H3N2 has tended to dominate in prevalence over H1N1, H1N2, and influenza B. Measured resistance to the standard antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine in H3N2 has increased from 1% in 1994 to 12% in 2003 to 91% in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
A 2007 study reported: "In swine, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are circulating throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
Mostly, this sickness is rooted into Influenza -A category and its subtypes - H1N1, H1N2, H2N3 and H3N2. (healthstatus.com)
So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)

F045-092 extends its recognition to divergent subtypes, including H1, H2 and H13, using the enhanced avidity of its IgG to overcome lower-affinity Fab binding, as observed with other antibodies that target the receptor-binding site. (rcsb.org)
This theory was based on the asymmetric nature of the antigenic cross reactions observed between parent viruses and their mutants selected in the presence of neutralising antibodies. (csiropedia.csiro.au)

Phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple co-circulating clades and continual antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (HA) of clades 5, 3A, and 3C, with the evolution of a new 3C subgroup (3C-2012/13), were the driving causes of the epidemic. (eurosurveillance.org)
The sequence data was used also by Don Wiley (Harvard University) and colleagues in their landmark determination of the 3D structure of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, published in Nature in 1981. (csiropedia.csiro.au)
Haemagglutinin (H) protein aids the virus in gaining access to the host cell Interior. (vetcos.com)
Of 59 samples with haemagglutinin subtype determined, 40 were H1 and 19 H3. (ox.ac.uk)

Influenza-virus-mediated disease can be associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly in younger children and older adults. (mdpi.com)
Influenza viruses cause a broad array of respiratory illnesses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children. (medscape.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza viruses and associated morbidity and mortality in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 are the most common viruses among adults aged 25 to 64 years (42% of reported viruses) and those aged 65 years and older (43% of viruses). (medscape.com)
Most (80.7%) influenza A viruses that underwent subtyping were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 19.3% were A(H3N2) viruses. (medscape.com)
four of these were subtyped and all four were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
In January 2017, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B viruses were detected in the Region with marked variations in different transmission zones. (who.int)
Influenza B (19%) and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (7%) were the other viruses detected in the Region. (who.int)
The A(H1N1) is also created as A(H1N1)pdm09 as it induced the pandemic in 2009 and changed the prior A(H1N1) virus which had circulated prior to 2009. (infotrace.net)
Among 25,160 seasonal influenza A viruses that were subtyped, 7,465 (29.7%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, and 17,695 (70.3%) were influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
however, during the weeks of low virus circulation since February, A(H1N1)pdm09 or B viruses were identified more frequently than A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
While A(H3N2) viruses were more common among all age groups, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses accounted for more than one third (38.9%) of the influenza A detections in persons 25 to 64 years old. (cdc.gov)

Nevertheless, the antigenic drift through several mechanisms that include insertions, deletions, and substitutions are frequent among influenza A and different lineages of influenza B viruses [ 7 - 10 ]. (atlantis-press.com)

It compares circulating patterns in the Region with previous seasons and present the pre-dominating influenza viruses circulating in countries (Map 1). (who.int)
There were four epidemics of influenza A/H1N1 in Russia after 1977-78 (in seasons 1981-82, 1984, 1986-87 and 1989). (iospress.nl)
Based on data now for many influenza seasons, it is estimated that millions of children in the U. S. get sick with seasonal flu during typical seasons. (cdc.gov)

The picture became clearer in 2022, with the Omicron BA.1 variant causing large epidemics. (hotdesignspoint.com)
Large epidemics followed and the cycle started again, with another cycle in mid-2022 when BA.5 emerged. (hotdesignspoint.com)
During the 2022-23 influenza season, the included clinical laboratories tested 4,023,390 respiratory specimens for influenza viruses using clinical diagnostic tests. (cdc.gov)
The percentage of specimens testing positive for influenza each week ranged from 0.7% to 26.3% and peaked during the week ending December 10, 2022 (week 49) (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
The 2022-23 influenza season was characterized by an early increase in seasonal influenza activity, with activity increasing nationally early in October 2022 and peaking in early December 2022 (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)

What you can see is that in early to mid 2020, specimens testing positive for influenza globally dropped off precipitously and remain very, very low throughout 2020 and into about mid 2021. (cdc.gov)
Public health laboratories tested 283,440 specimens and reported 30,993 positive specimens, with 29,552 (95.4%) positive for influenza A and 1,441 (4.6%) positive for influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)

Cite this: Influenza Continues Unabated in US, Deaths in the Thousands - Medscape - Jan 06, 2020. (medscape.com)
During the 2020- 202 1 season, one patient with influenza was reported having received intensive care. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. (mdpi.com)

Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)

A crucial feature in the ecology and epidemiology of influenza virus is interspecies transmission ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
To monitor the epidemiology of canine influenza viruses (CIVs) in Liaoning, China, we performed three surveillances in November 2018, March 2019, and April 2019. (flu.org.cn)
This statement contains new information on human and avian influenza epidemiology. (canada.ca)

Although the natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are wild birds, multiple subtypes of AIVs have established epidemics in numerous mammals due to their cross-species spillover. (flu.org.cn)
With the exception of bat-associated subtypes ( 4 ), all influenza A virus subtypes can be found in wild aquatic birds, which are their natural reservoir. (frontiersin.org)
While more than 130 influenza A subtype combinations have been identified in nature, primarily from wild birds, there are potentially many more influenza A subtype combinations given the propensity for virus "reassortment. (greenvillenr.com)
Some observations on the circulation of influenza viruses in domestic and wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity to type a influenza viruses in the sera of wild birds from the far east of the USSR. (cdc.gov)

Domestic poultry and some mammals, particularly swine, are also hosts to a limited number of influenza A subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few winters. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms88

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care25

Geographicals5

Vaccine62

Neuraminidase23

Hemagglutinin12

Infect15

Vaccination20

Strain22

H1N1 and H3N26

Infection40

Vaccines15

Proteins11

Pandemics16

Victoria13

Hong Kong9

Humans32

Spread of influenza3

Predominant11

Human influenza6

H5N19

Viral6

Illness22

H2N2 and H3N21

Severe16

Infections17

Yamagata2

Emergence of new2

Variants9

Isolates10

Transmission of influenza3

Surveillance16

20234

Strains of influenza3

Symptoms16

Different influenza3

Circulate6

Swine flu5

Antigenic shift1

Types of influenza viruses1

Acute1

Pandemic influenza4

Occur4

Pneumonia3

Pathogens3

Lineage1

Antigenically1

Avian influ1

Complications9

Immunity1

Outbreaks of influenza2

Laboratory-confirmed influenza3

H1N24

Antibodies2

Haemagglutinin4

Morbidity3

Pdm099

Lineages of influenza B viruses1

Seasons3

20225

Positive for influenza2

20203

Antiviral drugs1

Epidemiology3

Birds5

Poultry2