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EosinophiliaPulmonary EosinophiliaEosinophilsInterleukin-5Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with EosinophiliaHypereosinophilic SyndromeOvalbuminBronchial HyperreactivityCytokinesReceptors, InterleukinChemokine CCL11Chemotactic Factors, EosinophilInterleukin-2Interleukin-4Interleukin-1Immunoglobulin EToxocariasisTh2 CellsEosinophilic EsophagitisLeukocyte CountBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidChurg-Strauss SyndromeInterleukin-6Mice, Inbred BALB CAllergensAsthmaRespiratory HypersensitivityLungInterleukin-13Toxocara canisEosinophil PeroxidaseInterleukinsMice, Inbred C57BLInterferon-gammaHypersensitivityInterleukin-10Eosinophil Granule ProteinsCells, CulturedInflammationStrongylida InfectionsChemokine CCL24T-LymphocytesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaRNA, MessengerInterleukin-8Aspergillosis, Allergic BronchopulmonaryChemokines, CCTrichinellosisLymphocyte ActivationInterleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ProteinDisease Models, AnimalInterleukin-12Interleukin-3Drug HypersensitivityRecombinant ProteinsReceptors, Interleukin-2Mice, KnockoutReceptors, Interleukin-4FilariasisEosinophil-Derived NeurotoxinCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesStrongyloidiasisMucusRespiratory Syncytial Virus VaccinesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayLung Diseases, ParasiticTh1 CellsSpleenSputumRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsFasciitisReceptors, Interleukin-1Eosinophilia-Myalgia SyndromeAdministration, IntranasalAlternariosisBronchoalveolar LavageAntibodies, MonoclonalFlow CytometryDrug EruptionsInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-9Anti-Inflammatory AgentsSTAT6 Transcription FactorAngioedemaToxocaraReceptors, Interleukin-5StrongyloidesEndomyocardial FibrosisDiethylcarbamazineAscarisAntibodies, HelminthPrednisoloneMethacholine ChlorideLarva Migrans, VisceralNippostrongylusParagonimiasisLipopolysaccharidesInterleukin-18Cell LineGene Expression Regulation
EosinophilsCytokinesAsthmaAntibodiesEosinophilicCytokineBlood eosinophiliaReceptorInflammationPulmonaryProteinCellsLymphoma and leukemiaEosinophil growthBenralizumabSevereLungSystemicSymptomsBone marrowSecretionAllergySyndromeTissueDiseasesRespiratoryILC2LymphadenopathyClinicalIncreasesProductionSerumInflammatoryInfectionNeoplasmImmunePatientsResponsivenessTreatment
Eosinophils23
  • IL-33 -mediated eosinophil production was indeed dependent on IL-5 as both airway and bone marrow eosinophils decreased in mice treated with anti- IL-5 in combination with IL-33 . (bvsalud.org)
  • IL-5 controls the development of eosinophils in the bone marrow, as they differentiate from myeloid precursor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • After maturation, eosinophils circulate in blood and migrate to inflammatory sites in tissues, or to sites of helminth infection in response to chemokines like CCL11 (eotaxin-1), CCL24 (eotaxin-2), CCL5 (RANTES), 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, and certain leukotrienes like leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and MCP1/4. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 8 ] Another experimental model of protein contact dermatitis induced the generation of T cells, the infiltration of eosinophils, and the production of IL-4 and IL-5. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophils (eosinophilia) are known to benefit from therapy that inhibits the cytokine interleukin-5 (IL-5). (aaaai.org)
  • Three cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and interleukin 5 (IL-5) have been shown to promote the growth and the maturation of eosinophils and to induce the conversion of normal eosinophils to hypodense eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in EMS, IL-5 may play a substantial role in the growth and the stimulation of eosinophils and in their conversion to the hypodense, cytotoxic form. (medscape.com)
  • Increased production of Interleukin-5 and activated eosinophils has been shown to be the rule in all cases. (openarchives.gr)
  • 20 eosinophils/mm 2 ) eosinophilia, sputum analysis is technically difficult, and patients with asthma do not routinely have a bronchoscopy. (medscape.com)
  • Serum eosinophils are routinely obtained, but they fluctuate over time and a clear threshold for "eosinophilia" has not been defined. (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophils are larger than most cells and make up less than 5% of all white blood cells in your body. (healthmatters.io)
  • Interleukin-5 is produced by a number of cell types, and is responsible for the maturation and release of eosinophils in the bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, interleukin-5 is a very selective cytokine as a result of the restricted expression of the interleukin-5 receptor on eosinophils and basophils. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eosinophils are a prominent feature in the pulmonary inflammation that is associated with allergic airway diseases, suggesting that inhibition of interleukin-5 is a viable treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although these mice can produce constitutive levels of eosinophils, they do not react to an allergic challenge with blood or lung eosinophilia or hyperreactivity, compared to normal controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further trials designed to measure eosinophil accumulation and lung function in asthmatic persons are currently underway, and will help to define the role of interleukin-5 and eosinophils in general in this disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Routine blood tests revealed an eosinophilia of 9×10 9 eosinophils per L and a C-reactive protein concentration of 106 mg⋅L −1 . (ersjournals.com)
  • When Th2 lymphocytes are activated to produce cytokines, such as IL-5, this increases the production of eosinophils in the bone marrow and promotes release of these cells into the circulation 8 . (edu.pk)
  • However, although eosinophilia commonly accompanies helminthic infections and eosinophils are toxic to helminths in vitro, there is no direct evidence that they kill parasites in vivo. (msdmanuals.com)
  • BALB/c mice expressed the highest levels of the eosinophil growth and survival factor interleukin (IL)-5 in the lungs and BAL eosinophils from these animals expressed more of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-x L and Bcl-2 than cells from the other strains. (sahmri.org.au)
  • BALB/c mice expressed the highest levels of the eosinophil growth and survival factor interleukin (IL)-5 in the lungs and BAL eosinophils from these animals expressed more of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 than cells from the other strains. (sahmri.org.au)
  • 5,14 Mast cells also contribute to the inflammation process as they interact with the vasculature and participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and macrophages near the hair follicle. (consultant360.com)
  • 5 These pustules contain more than 50% eosinophils and a few neutrophils. (consultant360.com)
Cytokines7
Asthma15
  • Reslizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL-5, is approved in several countries as an intravenous (IV) 'add-on' therapy for the treatment of adult patients with severe asthma with eosinophilia. (aaaai.org)
  • Patients aged 12-75 years with moderate-to-severe asthma with eosinophilia were included. (aaaai.org)
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (Churg-Strauss) is a rare small-sized vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and blood and tissue eosinophilia. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • The recent approval of monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (mepolizumab and reslizumab) and its receptor (benralizumab) highlight the potential benefits from phenotyping asthma and understanding the underlying molecular pathways. (medscape.com)
  • The present review addresses the data that relate interleukin-5 to pulmonary inflammation and function in animal models, and the use of neutralizing anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of asthma in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, exclusively inhibiting the actions of interleukin-5 can suppress at least one of the alleged causes of asthma, namely tissue damage due to eosinophil accumulation during pulmonary inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In other inflammatory diseases associated with eosinophilia, such as allergic asthma, aspirin-intolerant asthma and nasal polyposis, local eosinophil accumulation closely correlates with tissue cysteinyl LT (CysLT) concentration 9 , 10 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The main form of allergic asthma is characterized by a strong eosinophilia. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Eosinophilic asthma is driven by the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-5 by T helper (Th)2 cells in the established form of the disease while it is associated with the type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) during the sensitization phase (Jonckheer et al. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The most important cytokine involved in the induction, maintenance, and amplification of airway eosinophilia in asthma is interleukin-5 (IL-5), released by both T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). (unicz.it)
  • Hence, IL-5 and its receptor are suitable targets for selective biologic drugs which can play a key role in add-on treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma refractory to corticosteroids. (unicz.it)
  • Within such a context, the anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies mepolizumab and reslizumab have been developed and approved for biological therapy of uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. (unicz.it)
  • T Helper 9 cells may be the major source of interleukin-9 (IL-9) in children with allergic asthma. (cusabio.cn)
  • S2 Episode 5: The Future of Asthma Care: Glass Half Empty or Half Full? (medscape.com)
  • Elevated levels of mannan-binding lectin [corrected] (MBL) and eosinophilia in patients of bronchial asthma with allergic rhinitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associate with a novel intronic polymorphism in MBL. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies4
  • Biological therapies are under evaluation, primarily antibodies targeting interleukin-5 and its receptor (mepolizumab, benralizumab), and rituximab targeting B cells. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • [ 5 ] Most laboratories that use the serum tryptase immunoassay use a reagent with a suppressor for these heterophilic antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical trials with humanized antibodies against interleukin-5 have begun. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Association of polymorphisms in the collagen region of SP-A2 with increased levels of total IgE antibodies and eosinophilia in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
Eosinophilic7
  • Eosinophilic airway inflammation is known to be associated with IL-5 -dependent eosinophil development in the bone marrow , however, the source of IL-5 remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interleukin-13, another TH2 cytokine, primes eosinophilic exit from the bone marrow by lining vessel walls with adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eosinophilic gastrenteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms even in the absence of peripheral eosinophilia. (openarchives.gr)
  • Espana A, Sanz ML, Sola J, Gil P. Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): correlation between clinical activity, eosinophil levels, eosinophil cation protein and interleukin-5. (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is a diffuse infiltrative lung disease characterised by alveolar and peripheral airway eosinophilia 1 - 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Although the mechanisms of eosinophilic accumulation remain to be elucidated, increasing evidence suggests the important roles of cytokine, chemokine and lipid mediators in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in various eosinophilic airway diseases 5 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is not a likely differential diagnosis as typically this presents with a normal blood eosinophil count but sputum or BAL eosinophilia. (ersjournals.com)
Cytokine2
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytokine profiles of IL-4, IL-2, IL-10, IL-5, IFN- γ, and TNF in serum samples of infected school-aged children by using flow cytometry before and after treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Proleukin (aldesleukin) for injection is a recombinant version of interleukin-2 (IL-2), an endogenous cytokine that has multiple effects on immune response. (proleukin.com)
Blood eosinophilia5
  • Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was first recognized in 1989 in New Mexico in 3 patients who had an illness with a unique array of symptoms, including peripheral blood eosinophilia and severe myalgias. (medscape.com)
  • Initially described by Löffler in 1932, Löffler syndrome is a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and radiographic shadowing. (medscape.com)
  • Which of the following is not a likely differential diagnosis for chest radiograph infiltrates and blood eosinophilia? (ersjournals.com)
  • The other differential diagnoses can all present with peripheral blood eosinophilia and radiographic changes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) constitutes a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders, defined as persistent and marked blood eosinophilia and/or tissue eosinophilia associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations reflecting eosinophil-induced tissue/organ damage. (orpha.net)
Receptor4
  • Importantly, IL-5 production as well as expression of the IL-33 receptor increased in ILC2s in the bone marrow under this treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • This specificity occurs because only those cells possess the interleukin-5 receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5), anti-IL-13, or anti IL-4 receptor-α therapy is recommended only in the context of a clinical trial. (reachmd.com)
  • In this regard, on the basis of several successful randomized controlled trials, the anti-IL-5 receptor benralizumab has also recently obtained the approval from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (unicz.it)
Inflammation4
  • T helper cells , ILC2s and CD34+ progenitors have been proposed to be involved in this process, therefore, we investigated whether these cells are taking part in eosinophilopoiesis by producing IL-5 locally in the bone marrow in IL-33 -driven inflammation . (bvsalud.org)
  • Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens associated with a specific organ results in the activation of organ-specific T and B cells that in turn cause organ-specific inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 5 ), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ( 6 ), psoriasis ( 7 ), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Th1 cells that produce IL-2, IFN- γ , TNF- α, and TNF- β evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation while Th2 cells that produce IL-5, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 induce a strong antibody response that comprises the IgE class and eosinophil accumulation, but it inhibits several functions of phagocytic cells [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Results Ovalbumin provoked acute allergic inflammation and chronic remodeling of murine airways, evident by airspace eosinophilia, IL-5 up-regulation, and airspace enlargement. (upatras.gr)
Pulmonary7
Protein1
  • 5-HTP is a chemical byproduct of the protein building block L-tryptophan. (medlineplus.gov)
Cells13
  • Bone marrow type 2 innate lymphoid cells: a local source of interleukin-5 in interleukin-33-driven eosinophilia. (bvsalud.org)
  • T helper type 2 (Th2) cells , type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and eosinophil progenitors have previously been described to produce interleukin-5 ( IL-5 ) in the airways upon allergen provocation or by direct administration of IL-33 . (bvsalud.org)
  • A small but significant induction of IL-5 was also found in CD34+ progenitors but not in T helper cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • This leads to eosinophilia, an increase in IgE, and the development of mast cells. (medscape.com)
  • 300-400 cells/µL constitute eosinophilia. (medscape.com)
  • Samples sent for analysis demonstrated a marked eosinophilia, no malignant cells and no growth on routine culture. (ersjournals.com)
  • This showed a high number of respiratory epithelial cells with reactive changes but no eosinophilia in the lavage fluid. (ersjournals.com)
  • These results would suggest that the immunostimulatory action of M LT requires the concomitant presence of IL-2 and that two of the main target cells for MLT activity in humans are represented by T helper lymphocytes of type 2, which are involved in IL-2-induced eosinophilia by the release of IL-5, and macrophages, which may inhibit IL-2-dependent immune functions. (karger.com)
  • Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Eosinophil production appears to be regulated by T cells through the secretion of the hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interleukin-5 (IL-5). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although GM-CSF and IL-3 also increase the production of other myeloid cells, IL-5 increases eosinophil production exclusively. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Katagiri K, Itami S, Hatano Y, Yamaguchi T, Takayasu S. In vivo expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-gamma mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and effect of cyclosporin A in a patient with Kimura's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated numbers of cells producing interleukin-5 and interleukin-10 in a boy with Kimura disease. (medscape.com)
Lymphoma and leukemia1
  • Since then, there has been an accepted association of eosinophilia with hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Eosinophil growth1
  • Eosinophilia Paraneoplastic eosinophilia represents a subset of secondary eosinophilia that appears due to tumor production of the eosinophil growth factors interleukin IL -3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. (flgreenenergy.com)
Benralizumab1
  • L'utilisation de thérapies ciblées est cependant en cours d'évaluation, au premier rang desquelles les anticorps ciblant l'interleukine-5 ou son récepteur (mépolizumab, benralizumab), et le rituximab ciblant les lymphocytes B. (academie-medecine.fr)
Severe2
  • Severe episode of high fever with rash, lymphadenopathy, neutropenia, and eosinophilia after minocycline therapy for acne. (medscape.com)
  • Prolonged IL-33 treatment of mice led to the development of eosinophilia, splenomegaly, and severe pathological changes in mucosal organs such as lungs, esophagus and small intestine. (rockland.com)
Lung2
  • The essential components of eosinophil migration into the lung, such as leukotriene (LT)D 4 , LTB 4 and IL-5, are generally considered chemotactic factors. (ersjournals.com)
  • In an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic lung disease, CBA/Ca mice develop much lower levels of lung eosinophilia, lung oedema, mucus hypersecretion and airways obstruction than BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains. (sahmri.org.au)
Systemic1
Symptoms2
  • We commenced our patient on high-dose oral prednisolone and within 10 days she experienced near complete resolution of symptoms and chest radiograph opacities ( figure 5 ). (ersjournals.com)
  • Taking 5-HTP by mouth seems to improve symptoms of depression in some people. (medlineplus.gov)
Bone marrow1
  • In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that IL-33 acts directly on bone marrow ILC2s, making them an early source of IL-5 and part of a process that is central in IL-33 -driven eosinophilia . (bvsalud.org)
Secretion1
  • In these patients, IL-9 impairs interferon gamma production and synergistically promotes interleukin-4-induced IgE secretion. (cusabio.cn)
Allergy3
  • Curr Opin Allergy Clin immunol 5:119-124. (cdc.gov)
  • Gone are the days when eosinophilia equals atopy/allergy, which corresponds to excellent response to corticosteroids. (medscape.com)
  • The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2003 May 111 (5): 1001-7. (cdc.gov)
Syndrome8
Tissue2
  • Diagnosis may sometimes be difficult but it can be achieved with the help of endoscopy plus mucosal biopsies, while peripheral and tissue eosinophilia supported by the findings of radiology, ultrasound and computed tomography can establish the diagnosis in the majority of cases. (openarchives.gr)
  • Prolonged eosinophilia may result in tissue damage by mechanisms that are not fully understood. (msdmanuals.com)
Diseases1
  • Autoimmune diseases affect roughly 5-10% of the total population, with women affected more than men. (frontiersin.org)
Respiratory1
ILC21
Lymphadenopathy1
  • García Carretero R, Romero Brugera M, Rebollo-Aparicio N, Vazquez-Gomez O. Eosinophilia and multiple lymphadenopathy: Kimura disease, a rare, but benign condition. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
Increases1
  • Since 5-HTP increases serotonin levels, it is used for conditions in which serotonin is believed to play an important role. (medlineplus.gov)
Production2
  • Helminth infections are typically linked with Th2-dependent responses leading to IgE production and eosinophilia. (hindawi.com)
  • 5-HTP works in the brain and central nervous system by increasing the production of the chemical serotonin. (medlineplus.gov)
Serum1
  • Nearly all patients with Kimura disease demonstrate peripheral eosinophilia and elevated levels of serum IgE. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory1
  • 5, 6 We have also shown that repeated daily exposure to NO 2 (2 ppm for four hours/day for four successive days) can induce a decrement in FEV 1 that returns to baseline by day 4, but the acute inflammatory response characterised by PMN influx and activation still persists after the final exposure. (bmj.com)
Infection1
Neoplasm1
  • It has also been described in relation to neoplasm as demonstrated by Isaacson and Rapoport in 1941, who presented 34 cases of neoplasm associated with eosinophilia [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune1
  • 7 It has been shown that water channel proteins aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3, along with psoriasin, nitric oxide synthase enzymes, interleukin-1 and -8, eotaxin, and the adhesion molecule E-selectin, are involved in activating the skin immune system. (consultant360.com)
Patients8
  • In particular, IL-5 activity is shown to be elevated in sera from patients with EMS. (medscape.com)
  • A large proportion of patients demonstrates peripheral eosinophilia. (openarchives.gr)
  • According to the recommendations, proton pump inhibition therapy is suggested over no treatment for patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia. (reachmd.com)
  • Even though the occurrence of eosinophilia and neutrophilia with malignancy is rare, patients who have either condition without an apparent cause should be checked for malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results of treatment of 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy. (proleukin.com)
  • High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. (proleukin.com)
  • Long-term progression-free survival of patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma following high-dose interleukin-2. (proleukin.com)
  • Tell patients to stop taking 5-HTP at least 2 weeks before surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
Responsiveness1
  • Interestingly, the responsiveness of ILC2s to IL-33 as well as IL-33 -induced eotaxin-2 /CCL24 were independent of the levels of IL-5 . (bvsalud.org)
Treatment2